Serotoninski receptori su podeljeni u dve klase od strane Gaduma i Pikarelija nakon što je utvrđeno da neke od serotoninom indukovanih promena u crevima mogu da budu blokirane morfinom, dok se preostali mogu inhibirati dibenzilinom. Dve grupe su nazvane M i D receptori. Za 5-HT2A se mislilo da je receptor D grupe 5-HT receptora.[4] U periodu pre molekularnog kloniranja, kada je vezivanje radioliganda i njegovo zamenjivanje bilo jedino oruđe, za spiperon i LSD je pokazano da obeležavaju dva različita serotoninska receptora, i da nijedan od njih ne zamenjuje morfin. Na osnovu toga su izvedena imena 5-HT1, 5-HT2 i 5-HT3 receptori, koji korespondiraju visokom afinitetu za LSD, spiperon i morfin.[5] Kasnije je pokazano da je 5-HT2 veoma sličan sa 5-HT1C tako da su grupisani u istu grupu, i 5-HT2 je preimenovan u 5-HT2A. Stoga se 5-HT2 receptorska familija sastoji od tri zasebne molekulske grupe: 5-HT2A (nekada 5-HT2 ili D), 5-HT2B (nekada 5-HT2F) i 5-HT2C (nekada 5-HT1C).[6]
Aktivacija 5-HT2A receptora sa DOI proizvodi superpotentne antiinflamatorne efekte u tkivima vezanim za kardiovaskularni sistem, kao i nekim drugim. Drugi 5-HT2A agonisti kao što je LSD takođe imaju potentno antiinflamatorno dejstvo protiv TNF-alfa-indukovane inflamacije.[22]
Ligandi
Agonisti
Aktivacija 5-HT2Areceptora je neophodna za dejstvo „klasičnih“ psihodelika kao što su LSD, psilocin i meskalin, koji deluju kao puni ili parcijalni agonisti ovog receptora, i predstavljaju tri glavne klase 5-HT2A agonista, ergolina, triptamina i fenetilamina, respektivno. Veoma velika familija derivata iz ove tri klase je razvijena, i njihovi odnosi strukture i aktivnosti su ekstenzivno istraženi.[23][24] Za agoniste koji deluju na 5-HT2A receptore locirane na apikalnim dendritima piramidalnih ćelija unutar regiona prefrontalnog korteksa se veruje da posreduje halucinogenu aktivnost.
Mada su ergot alkaloidi uglavnom nespecifični antagonisti 5-HT receptora, nekoliko ergot derivata kao što je metergolin se vezuju preferentno za članove 5-HT2 receptorske familije.
Ketanserin, prototipski antagonist 5-HT2 receptora potentno blokira 5-HT2Areceptore, manje potentno blokira 5-HT2C receptore, i nema uticaja na 5-HT3 ili 5-HT4 receptore ili bilo koji član 5-HT1 receptorske familije.[29] Otkriće ovakvog profila ketanserina je bila prekretnica u farmakologiji 5-HT2 receptora. Mada ketanserin može da blokira 5-HT indukovanu adheziju trombocita, on ne vrši svoje antihipertenzivno dejstvo putem 5-HT2 receptora, nego je to posledica njegovog visokog afiniteta za alfa1 adrenergičke receptore. On takođe ima visok afinitet za H1 histaminergičke receptore. Jedinjenja koja su hemijski srodna sa ketanserinom kao što je ritanserin su selektivniji antagonisti 5-HT2A receptor sa manjim afinitetom za alfa-adrenergičke receptore. Međutim, ritanserin, poput većine drugih 5-HT2A antagonista, isto tako potentno inhibira 5-HT2C receptore.
Nefazodon deluje putem blokiranja post-sinaptičkog serotoninskog 2A receptora i u manjoj meri inhibiranjem pre-sinaptičkog serotonin i norepinefrin (noradrenalin) preuzimanja.
Nelotanserin (APD-125) - selektivni 5-HT2A inverzni agonist razvijen za tretman insomnije. Za APD-125 je pokazano u kliničkim ispitivanjima da je efektivan i dobro tolerisan,[39] ali je dalji razvoj zaustavljen 2008 zato što supstanca zadovoljile kriterijume ispitivanja.[40]
Eplivanserin (Sanofi Aventis), pilula za spavanje koja je dospela do ispitivanja faze II, ali je aplikacija za odobrenje povučena. On deluje kao selektivni 5-HT2A inverzni agonist.
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↑Weiner DM, Burstein ES, Nash N, Croston GE, Currier EA, Vanover KE, Harvey SC, Donohue E, Hansen HC, Andersson CM, Spalding TA, Gibson DF, Krebs-Thomson K, Powell SB, Geyer MA, Hacksell U, Brann MR (October 2001). „5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor inverse agonists as antipsychotics”. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.299 (1): 268–76. PMID11561089. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2009-09-17. Pristupljeno 2014-04-22.
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