Opsin

3-dimenziona struktura goveđeg rodopsina. Sedam-transmembranskih domena je prikazano u različitim bojama. Hromofor je prikazan u crvenoj boji.

Opsini su grupa na svetlost senzitivnih 35-55 kDa za membranu-vezanih G protein-spregnutih receptora retinoidne proteinske familije nađenih u fotoreceptorskim ćelijama retine. Pet klasičnih grupa opsina je obuhvaćeno čulom vida. Oni posreduju konverziju fotona u elektrohemijski signal, što je prvi stepen kaskade vizuelne transdukcije. Postoji još jedan opsin koji je nađen u mrežnjači sisara, melanopsin, on učestvuje u cirkadijalnim ritmovima i refleksu zenica ali ne u formiranju slike.[1]

Klasifikacija opsina

Opsini se dele u dve grupe koje nisu homologne, ali su konvergentno evoluirale slični oblik i funkciju.[2][3] Tip I opsina su izraženi kod prokariota, dok životinje koriste tip II opsina. Opsini nisu nađeni izvan ovih grupa (na primer kod biljki, gljivica, ili plakozoa),[2] mada još nepotvrđeni izveštaji o opsinima kod sunđera[4] možda sugerišu da su opsini bili prisutni kod drevnih životinja.

Literatura

  1. ↑ Yoshinori Shichida, Take Matsuyama (2009). „Evolution of opsins and phototransduction”. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 364 (1531): 2881-2895. DOI:10.1098/rstb.2009.0051. 
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 David C. Plachetzki, Caitlin R. Fong and Todd H. Oakley (2010). The evolution of phototransduction from an ancestral cyclic nucleotide gated pathway. DOI:10.1098/rspb.2009.1797. 
  3. ↑ Fernald RD (September 2006). „Casting a genetic light on the evolution of eyes”. Science (New York, N.Y.) 313 (5795): 1914–8. DOI:10.1126/science.1127889. PMID 17008522. 
  4. ↑ „Porifera: Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge) .. 1 opsin”. GenomeWiki. University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) Genome Bioinformatics Group. 

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