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EP4 receptor
Prostaglandinski E receptor 4 (EP4) je prostaglandinski receptor kodiran PTGER4 genom kod ljudi.
Protein kodiran ovim genom je član familije G protein spregnutih receptora. Ovaj protein je jedan od četiri receptora identifikovana za prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). On može da aktivira signalizaciju T-ćelijskog faktora. Pokazano je posreduje PGE2 indukovano izražavanje EGR1 faktora, reguliše nivo i stabilnost cikloksigenaze-2 iRNK, i dovodi do fosforilacije glikogen sintaze kinaze-3. Studije na nokaut miševima sugeriraju da ovaj receptor učestvuje u neonatalnoj adaptaciji circulatornog sistema, osteoporozi, kao i inicijaciji kožnog imunskog responsa.[1]
Reference
Literatura
- Duncan AM, Anderson LL, Funk CD i dr.. (1995). „Chromosomal localization of the human prostanoid receptor gene family”. Genomics 25 (3): 740–2. DOI:10.1016/0888-7543(95)80022-E. PMID 7759114.
- Regan JW, Bailey TJ, Pepperl DJ i dr.. (1994). „Cloning of a novel human prostaglandin receptor with characteristics of the pharmacologically defined EP2 subtype”. Mol. Pharmacol. 46 (2): 213–20. PMID 8078484.
- Bastien L, Sawyer N, Grygorczyk R i dr.. (1994). „Cloning, functional expression, and characterization of the human prostaglandin E2 receptor EP2 subtype”. J. Biol. Chem. 269 (16): 11873–7. PMID 8163486.
- An S, Yang J, Xia M, Goetzl EJ (1994). „Cloning and expression of the EP2 subtype of human receptors for prostaglandin E2”. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197 (1): 263–70. DOI:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2470. PMID 8250933.
- Foord SM, Marks B, Stolz M i dr.. (1996). „The structure of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor gene and related pseudogenes”. Genomics 35 (1): 182–8. DOI:10.1006/geno.1996.0337. PMID 8661119.
- Fedyk ER, Phipps RP (1996). „Prostaglandin E2 receptors of the EP2 and EP4 subtypes regulate activation and differentiation of mouse B lymphocytes to IgE-secreting cells”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93 (20): 10978–83. DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.20.10978. PMC 38269. PMID 8855294.
- Mori K, Tanaka I, Kotani M i dr.. (1996). „Gene expression of the human prostaglandin E receptor EP4 subtype: differential regulation in monocytoid and lymphoid lineage cells by phorbol ester”. J. Mol. Med. 74 (6): 333–6. DOI:10.1007/BF00207510. PMID 8862514.
- Mukhopadhyay P, Geoghegan TE, Patil RV i dr.. (1997). „Detection of EP2, EP4, and FP receptors in human ciliary epithelial and ciliary muscle cells”. Biochem. Pharmacol. 53 (9): 1249–55. DOI:10.1016/S0006-2952(97)00011-7. PMID 9214685.
- Cosme R, Lublin D, Takafuji V i dr.. (2000). „Prostanoids in human colonic mucosa: effects of inflammation on PGE(2) receptor expression”. Hum. Immunol. 61 (7): 684–96. DOI:10.1016/S0198-8859(00)00131-2. PMID 10880739.
- Desai S, April H, Nwaneshiudu C, Ashby B (2001). „Comparison of agonist-induced internalization of the human EP2 and EP4 prostaglandin receptors: role of the carboxyl terminus in EP4 receptor sequestration”. Mol. Pharmacol. 58 (6): 1279–86. PMID 11093764.
- Sales KJ, Katz AA, Davis M i dr.. (2001). „Cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandin E(2) synthesis are up-regulated in carcinomas of the cervix: a possible autocrine/paracrine regulation of neoplastic cell function via EP2/EP4 receptors”. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86 (5): 2243–9. DOI:10.1210/jc.86.5.2243. PMC 2694306. PMID 11344234.
- Faour WH, He Y, He QW i dr.. (2001). „Prostaglandin E(2) regulates the level and stability of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA through activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in interleukin-1 beta-treated human synovial fibroblasts”. J. Biol. Chem. 276 (34): 31720–31. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M104036200. PMID 11423555.
- Desai S, Ashby B (2001). „Agonist-induced internalization and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation of the human prostaglandin EP4 receptor”. FEBS Lett. 501 (2–3): 156–60. DOI:10.1016/S0014-5793(01)02640-0. PMID 11470276.
- Slipetz D, Buchanan S, Mackereth C i dr.. (2001). „Sequestration and phosphorylation of the prostaglandin E2 EP4 receptor: dependence on the C-terminal tail”. Biochem. Pharmacol. 62 (8): 997–1012. DOI:10.1016/S0006-2952(01)00742-0. PMID 11597569.
- Fujino H, West KA, Regan JW (2002). „Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3 and stimulation of T-cell factor signaling following activation of EP2 and EP4 prostanoid receptors by prostaglandin E2”. J. Biol. Chem. 277 (4): 2614–9. DOI:10.1074/jbc.M109440200. PMID 11706038.
- Mutoh M, Watanabe K, Kitamura T i dr.. (2002). „Involvement of prostaglandin E receptor subtype EP(4) in colon carcinogenesis”. Cancer Res. 62 (1): 28–32. PMID 11782353.
- Kvirkvelia N, Vojnovic I, Warner TD i dr.. (2002). „Placentally derived prostaglandin E2 acts via the EP4 receptor to inhibit IL-2-dependent proliferation of CTLL-2 T cells”. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 127 (2): 263–9. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01718.x. PMC 1906325. PMID 11876748.
- Asano T, Shoda J, Ueda T i dr.. (2002). „Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E-receptors in carcinoma of the gallbladder: crucial role of arachidonate metabolism in tumor growth and progression”. Clin. Cancer Res. 8 (4): 1157–67. PMID 11948128.
- Kyveris A, Maruscak E, Senchyna M (2002). „Optimization of RNA isolation from human ocular tissues and analysis of prostanoid receptor mRNA expression using RT-PCR”. Mol. Vis. 8: 51–8. PMID 11951086.
- Scandella E, Men Y, Gillessen S i dr.. (2002). „Prostaglandin E2 is a key factor for CCR7 surface expression and migration of monocyte-derived dendritic cells”. Blood 100 (4): 1354–61. DOI:10.1182/blood-2001-11-0017. PMID 12149218.
Povezano
Vanjske veze
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| Klasa A: Rodopsinu slični | | | |
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| Adenozinski ( A1, A2A, A2B, A3) • P2Y ( 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) |
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Drugi | Acetilholin ( M1, M2, M3, M4, M5) • Dopamin ( D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) • Histamin ( H1, H2, H3, H4) • Melatonin ( 1A, 1B, 1C) • TAAR ( 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9) |
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Metaboliti i
signalni molekuli | | |
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Drugi | Žučna kiselina • Kanabinoidni ( CB1, CB2, GPR ( 18, 55, 119)) • EBI2 • Estrogen • Slobodna masna kiselina ( 1, 2, 3, 4) • Laktat • Lizofosfatidna kiselina ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) • Lizofosfolipid ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) • Niacin ( 1, 2) • Oksoglutarat • PAF • Sfingozin-1-fosfat ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • Sukcinat |
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Peptid | | |
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Drugi | Anafilatoksin ( C3a, C5a) • Angiotenzin ( 1, 2) • Apelin • Bombezin ( BRS3, GRPR, NMBR) • Bradikinin ( B1, B2) • Hemokin • Holecistokinin ( A, B) • Endotelin ( A, B) • Formil peptid ( 1, 2, 3) • FSH • Galanin ( 1, 2, 3) • GHB receptor • Gonadotropin-oslobađajući hormon ( 1, 2) • Grelin • Kispeptin • Luteinizirajući hormon/horiogonadotropin • MAS ( 1, 1L, D, E, F, G, X1, X2, X3, X4) • Melanokortin ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • MCHR ( 1, 2) • Motilin • Opioidni ( δ, κ, μ, Nociceptin & ζ, ali ne σ) • Oreksin ( 1, 2) • Oksitocin • Prokineticin ( 1, 2) • Prolaktin-oslobađajući peptid • Relaksin ( 1, 2, 3, 4) • Somatostatin ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) • Tahikinin ( 1, 2, 3) • Tirotropin • Tirotropin-oslobađajući hormon • Urotenzin-II • Vazopresin ( 1A, 1B, 2) |
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Razno | | GPR ( 1, 3, 4, 6, 12, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 45, 50, 52, 55, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 75, 77, 78, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 88, 92, 101, 103, 109A, 109B, 119, 120, 132, 135, 137B, 139, 141, 142, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 160, 161, 162, 171, 173, 174, 176, 177, 182, 183) |
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Drugi | Adrenomedulin • Mirisni • Opsin ( 3, 4, 5, 1LW, 1MW, 1SW, RGR, RRH) • Proteazom-aktivirani ( 1, 2, 3, 4) • SREB ( 1, 2, 3) |
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| Klasa B: Sekretinu slični | | GPR ( 56, 64, 97, 98, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 124, 125, 126, 128, 133, 143, 144, 155, 157) |
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Drugi | Moždano specifični angiogenezni inhibitor ( 1, 2, 3) • Cadherin ( 1, 2, 3) • Kalcitonin • CALCRL • CD97 • Kortikotropin-oslobađajući hormon ( 1, 2) • EMR ( 1, 2, 3) • Glukagon ( GR, GIPR, GLP1R, GLP2R) • Hormon rasta oslobađajući hormon • PACAPR1 • GPR • Latrofilin ( 1, 2, 3, ELTD1) • Metuselah-slični proteini • Paratiroidni hormon ( 1, 2) • Sekretin • Vazoaktivni intestinalni peptid ( 1, 2) |
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Klasa C: Metabotropni
glutamat / feromon | | TAS1R ( 1, 2, 3) • TAS2R ( 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 20, 30, 31, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 46, 50) |
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Drugi | Kalcijum-detektujući receptor • GABA B ( 1, 2) • Glutamatni receptor ( Metabotropni glutamat ( 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8)) • GPRC6A • GPR ( 156, 158, 179) • RAIG ( 1, 2, 3, 4) |
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Klasa F:
Frizzled / Zaglađeni | |
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B trdu: peptidi (nrpl/grfl/cytl/horl), receptori (lgic, enzr, gprc, igsr, intg, nrpr/grfr/cytr), itra (adap, gbpr, mapk), calc, lipd, signalni putevi (hedp, wntp, tgfp+mapp, notp, jakp, fsap, hipp, tlrp) |
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