橡樹龍科

橡树龙科
化石时期：中侏儸紀到晚白堊紀，163–115 Ma
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目： 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目： †鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目： †鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
演化支： †禽龍類 Iguanodontia
演化支： †橡树龙形态类 Dryomorpha
科： †橡树龙科 Dryosauridae
Milner & Norman，1984
演化支

橡樹龍科（Dryosauridae）是鳥臀目鳥腳亚目禽龍類的一科，生存於侏儸紀晚期到白堊紀早期，分布於北美洲、非洲與歐洲[1][2][3][4]。

敘述

橡樹龍科是群行動快速的小型草食性恐龍，外表介於稜齒龍類與禽龍類之間，與彎龍科、禽龍科的差異在於牙齒與骨盆。牠們的前肢長，頭骨呈三角形，嘴部缺乏牙齒，其頜部結構可增加兩側的咀嚼力道。身體結構很類似稜齒龍類，修長後肢顯示奔跑速度快。

目前已發現成年體與幼年體化石。已在美國西部、非洲、歐洲等地發現化石。

分類

橡樹龍科被定義為：包含高橡樹龍，但不包含沃克氏副櫛龍在內的最大演化支。在過去研究歷史，橡樹龍科的卡洛夫龍、康納龍常被認為是疑名；曠野龍、Dysalotosaurus, 艾爾雷茲龍（Elrhazosaurus）常被認為是模式屬橡樹龍的種。近年研究發現，這些屬是有效的獨立屬[3][4][5][6][7]。

以下演化樹來自於保羅·巴雷特（Paul M. Barrett）等人的2011年研究[7]：

 
凹齒龍科
 

木他龍

 
 

凹齒龍

 
 

查摩西斯龍

 
 
 
 

腱龍

 
Dryomorpha
 

直拇指龍類

 
橡樹龍科
 

卡洛夫龍

 
 

康納龍

 
 

橡樹龍

 
 
 

Dysalotosaurus

 
 
 

曠野龍

 
 

艾爾雷茲龍

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

參考文獻

  1. ^ Norman, David B.; Weishampel, David B. Iguanodontidae and related ornithopods. Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1990: 510–533. ISBN 0-520-06727-4. 
  2. ^ Norman, David B. Basal Iguanodontia. Weishampel, D.B., Dodson, P., and Osmólska, H. (eds.) (编). The Dinosauria 2nd. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2004: 413–437. ISBN 0-520-24209-2. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Ruiz-Omeñaca, José Ignacio; Pereda Suberbiola, Xabier; and Galton, Peter M. Callovosaurus leedsi, the earliest dryosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Euornithopoda) from the Middle Jurassic of England. Carpenter, Kenneth (ed.) (编). Horns and Beaks: Ceratopsian and Ornithopod Dinosaurs. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. 2007: 3–16. ISBN 0-253-34817-X. 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Galton, Peter M. Notes on Neocomian (Late Cretaceous) ornithopod dinosaurs from England – Hypsilophodon, Valdosaurus, "Camptosaurus", "Iguanodon" – and referred specimens from Romania and elsewhere (pdf). Revue de Paléobiologie. 2009, 28 (1): 211–273 [2010-02-25]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2011-07-08）. 
  5. ^ McDonald, A.T.; Kirkland, J.I.; DeBlieux, D.D.; Madsen, S.K.; Cavin, J.; Milner, A.R.C.; Panzarin, L. New Basal Iguanodonts from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Utah and the Evolution of Thumb-Spiked Dinosaurs. PLoS ONE. 2010, 5 (11): e14075. PMC 2989904 可免费查阅. PMID 21124919. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014075. 
  6. ^ Andrew T. McDonald. The taxonomy of species assigned to Camptosaurus (Dinosauria: Ornithopoda) (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 2783: 52–68 [2012-05-02]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2012-04-12）. 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Paul M. Barrett, Richard J. Butler, Richard J. Twitchett and Stephen Hutt. New material of Valdosaurus canaliculatus (Ornithischia: Ornithopoda) from the Lower Cretaceous of southern England. Special Papers in Palaeontology. 2011, 86: 131–163. 

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