西葡爪龙属

西葡爪龙属
化石时期：晚侏罗世，
启莫里阶晚期
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲： 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目： 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目： †鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目： †鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
演化支： †禽龍類 Iguanodontia
演化支： †橡树龙形态类 Dryomorpha
属： †西葡爪龙属 Hesperonyx
Rotatori et al., 2024
模式種
†马托氏西葡爪龙
Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum
Rotatori et al., 2024

西葡爪龙（属名：Hesperonyx，意为“西方之爪”）是橡树龙形态类鸟脚亚目恐龙已灭绝的一个属，来自葡萄牙晚侏罗世洛里尼扬组（英语：Lourinhã Formation）。该属包括单一物种马托氏西葡爪龙（Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum），所知于前肢及后肢骨骼。

发现与命名

西葡爪龙正模标本ML（英语：Museu da Lourinhã） 2700于2021年在迪涅鲁港（英语：Porto Dinheiro）沿岸洛里尼扬组（新港段）的沉积物中发现。标本由前肢（一个手爪（英语：ungal）、尺骨和部分掌骨）及后肢（胫骨、腓骨、第一至第四节跖骨的大部分、五节趾骨及三个趾爪）骨骼组成。[1][2]

2024年，罗搭托里等人据此化石遗骸描述了鸟脚类恐龙新属新种马托氏西葡爪龙（Hesperonyx martinhotomasorum）。属名组合希腊神明赫斯珀洛斯（或“昏星”），其名称亦有“西方”之意——这里指模式产地位于葡萄牙西部——以及希腊语后缀“-onyx”（意为“爪”）。种名组合米凯尔·马丁纳（Micael Martinho）与卡拉·亚历山德拉·托马斯（Carla Alexandra Tomás）的姓氏以表彰两人在洛里尼扬博物馆对化石保存及清修作出的努力。[1]

描述

估计西葡爪龙体长3—4米（9.8—13.1英尺）。[1]

分类

罗塔托里等人（2024年）将本属加入两项系统发育分析，分别将其恢复到橡树龙形态类中两个互相矛盾的位置上。在简约分析（具有相等及隐含权重）中，西葡爪龙被恢复为非橡树龙科橡树龙形态类演化支的基干成员。然而在贝叶斯分析中，该属则被恢复为橡树龙科基干成员。由于遗骸稀少，无法得出更精确的演化关系。结果如以下分支图所示：[1]

古生态学

洛里尼扬组是葡萄牙的主要含化石地层之一，保存了多种恐龙，其中部分亦发现于同时期的北美莫里逊组。[3][4][5][6]西葡爪龙是继龙爪龙、东橡树龙后从该层命名的第三种禽龙类。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Rotatori, F. M.; Ferrari, L.; Sequero, C.; Camilo, B.; Mateus, O.; Moreno-Azanza, M. An unexpected early-diverging iguanodontian dinosaur (Ornithischia, Ornithopoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Portugal. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2024. e2310066. doi:10.1080/02724634.2024.2310066. 
  2. ^ New dinosaur species discovered in Portugal. The Portugal News. 19 March 2024 [2024-06-15]. （原始内容存档于2024-04-04）. 
  3. ^ Antunes, M.T.; Mateus, O. Dinosaurs of Portugal (PDF). Comptes Rendus Palevol. 2003, 2 (1): 77–95 [2024-06-15]. Bibcode:2003CRPal...2...77A. doi:10.1016/S1631-0683(03)00003-4. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-08-08）. 
  4. ^ Hendrickx, Christophe; Mateus, Octávio. Torvosaurus gurneyi n. sp., the Largest Terrestrial Predator from Europe, and a Proposed Terminology of the Maxilla Anatomy in Nonavian Theropods. PLOS ONE. 2014, 9 (3): e88905. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...988905H. PMC 3943790 可免费查阅. PMID 24598585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088905 可免费查阅. 
  5. ^ Tschopp, E.; Mateus, O. V.; Benson, R. B. J. A specimen-level phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision of Diplodocidae (Dinosauria, Sauropoda). PeerJ. 2015, 3: e857. PMC 4393826 可免费查阅. PMID 25870766. doi:10.7717/peerj.857 可免费查阅. 开放获取
  6. ^ Mateus, O., Maidment S., & Christiansen N. A new long-necked 'sauropod-mimic' stegosaur and the evolution of the plated dinosaurs. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2009, 276 (1663): 1815–21 [2024-06-15]. PMC 2674496 可免费查阅. PMID 19324778. doi:10.1098/rspb.2008.1909. （原始内容存档于2015-02-09）. 

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