暹羅齒龍屬

暹罗齿龙属
化石时期:早白堊紀阿普第階
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
演化支 禽龍類 Iguanodontia
演化支 橡树龙形态类 Dryomorpha
演化支 直拇指龍類 Ankylopollexia
演化支 硬棘龍類 Styracosterna
演化支 鴨嘴龍形類 Hadrosauriformes
总科: 鴨嘴龍超科 Hadrosauroidea
属: 暹罗齿龙属 Siamodon
Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2011
模式種
尼穆甘暹羅齒龍
Siamodon nimngami

Buffetaut & Suteethorn, 2011

暹羅齒龍屬學名Siamodon)是鳥腳亚目禽龍類恐龍的一,生存於白堊紀早期的東南亞[1]。暹羅齒龍等原始鴨嘴龍超科恐龍的發現,支持鴨嘴龍超科起源於亞洲,並擴散到其他大陸的理論。

發現與命名

暹羅齒龍的正模標本(編號PRC-4)是一個保存狀態良好的左上頜骨與附屬牙齒。除此之外,該挖掘地點還發現一顆長三公分、個別的上頜牙齒化石(編號PRC-5),以及一個15公分長的腦殼(編號PRC-6)。這些化石是在2007到2010年發現於泰國東北部的呵叻府,屬於Khok Kruat組地層,地質年代約1億2500萬到1億1200萬年前,相當於白堊紀早期的阿普第階[1]

在2011年,法國古動物學家埃瑞克·比弗托(Eric Buffetaut)與泰國學者瓦拉福德·蘇提宋恩(Varavudh Suteethorn)將這些化石進行敘述、命名,模式種尼穆甘暹羅齒龍S. nimngami)。屬名意為「暹羅的牙齒」,以泰國的古國名暹羅為名,odous古希臘文意為牙齒;只有發現牙齒、或是化石主要由牙齒構成的恐龍,學名常使用~odous字根。種名則是以捐出化石的地主Witaya Nimngam為名[1]

體徵

暹羅齒龍是種獨特的恐龍,同時具有祖徵性、衍徵性特徵。上頜骨形狀類似等腰三角形,上頜骨中段有個背突,上頜骨中線有個垂直方向的凸塊,至少15顆牙齒,牙齒有一個明顯的中線稜脊,牙齒有一個不明顯的次要稜脊、或是沒有次要稜脊,牙齒齒冠有乳頭狀的邊緣小齒。上頜骨的長度為23公分,高度為10公分。牙齒高度約2.5到2.8公分,寬度約1.4到1.7公分[1]

與原始禽龍類(例如禽龍與相近物種)恐龍相比,暹羅齒龍的主要差異在於牙齒形態,其牙齒狹窄、具有明顯的中線稜脊、有些牙齒帶有一個不明顯次要稜脊,而非末端消失的主要稜脊與數個次要稜脊;此外,暹羅齒龍的上頜骨最高處位於較後方的位置。與鴨嘴龍科相比,暹羅齒龍的上頜骨兩側關節處的形狀不一樣,形成護耳狀的顴突;鴨嘴龍科的上頜骨顴突向前突出,覆蓋大面積的骨縫[1]

分類

研究人員命名暹羅齒龍時,根據上頜骨的特徵,將牠們歸類於禽龍類演化支,比禽龍還衍化,而比鴨嘴龍科還原始,是種原始鴨嘴龍超科恐龍。暹羅齒龍可能是原巴克龍的近親,原巴克龍生存於白堊紀早期的中國,兩者的差異處在於牙齒位置。暹羅齒龍等原始鴨嘴龍超科恐龍的發現,支持鴨嘴龍超科起源於亞洲,並擴散到其他大陸的理論[1]

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 (英文)Eric Buffetaut and Varavudh Suteethorn. A new iguanodontian dinosaur from the Khok Kruat Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian) of northeastern Thailand. Annales de Paléontologie. 2011, 97 (1-2): 51–62 [2012-07-18]. doi:10.1016/j.annpal.2011.08.001. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). 

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