赖氏龙族

赖氏龙族
化石时期:白垩纪晚期, 77.6–66 Ma
赖氏赖氏龙的骨架,位于皇家安大略博物馆
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
总目: 恐龍總目 Dinosauria
目: 鸟臀目 Ornithischia
亚目: 鸟脚亚目 Ornithopoda
科: 鴨嘴龍科 Hadrosauridae
亚科: 賴氏龍亞科 Lambeosaurinae
族: 赖氏龙族 Lambeosaurini
Prieto-Márquez et al., 2013
模式種
赖氏赖氏龙
Lambeosaurus lambei
Parks, 1923

赖氏龙族(学名:Lambeosaurini)以前被称为冠龙族(Corythosaurini),是鸟脚亞目鸭嘴龙科赖氏龙亚科中的四个之一。它被定义为所有比沃氏副栉龙、棘鼻青岛龙或突吻盐海龙更接近赖氏赖氏龙的赖氏龙亚科,后者定义了其他三个族。[1]该族成员拥有一个独特的、突出的颅顶。白垩纪晚期時,赖氏龙族在地球上生存了大约1200万年,尽管它们的栖息地仅限于今天的北美亚洲地区。[2]

研究历史

1989年,Brett-Surman首次使用了冠龙族一词,他根据其前上颌骨扩展,形成中空盔状颅顶以及更高的神经棘来描述该分类群。[2]该分支在2007年由Evans和Reisz通过系统发育分析正式定义,[3]并且被多个其他分析所证实。[1]2011年,Sullivan等人注意到,根据国际动物命名法规设定的优先权规则,该族的名称应该是赖氏龙族,因为它包含其上级分类单元(赖氏龙亚科)的模式属(赖氏龙)。[4]

特征

目前的赖氏龙族解剖学特征是由Prieto-Marquez等人给出,他通过以下特征对其进行叙述:[1]

  • 前上颌侧突(lateral process of premaxilla)的垂直凹槽位于喙(rostral)至上颌背突(dorsal process of maxilla)间,并从前上颌中、侧突(premaxillary medial and lateral processes)之间的小开口向腹侧延伸。
  • 垂直凹槽由前上颌骨侧突的三角形腹侧投影(ventral projection)向后界定。
  • 喙侧倾斜平台(rostroventrally-sloping platform)的额叶形鼻关节面(nasal articulation surface)。
  • 鼻前庭(nasal vestibule)在封闭的前上颌通道吻侧到前上颌背突(premaxillary passages rostral to dorsal process of maxilla)中折叠成S形的环。
  • 成年恐龙的前上颌突从尾背(caudodorsal)延伸至前额。

根据与这些特征的相似性或定义 赖氏龙亚科的特征,将此亚科分为赖氏龙族和副栉龙族。区分部落的另一种方法是通过硬脑膜峰的角度(angle of the dural peak)。 赖氏龙族的角度大于120°,而副栉龙族的角度小于90°。[5]副栉龙族的前骨半规管(anterior semicircular canals)也比赖氏龙族高。[5]

种系发生学

Prieto Marquez(2013)的分析得出以下演化树,显示了赖氏龙亚科四个族的演化位置。[1]

 赖氏龙亚科 Lambeosaurinae 
咸海龙族 Aralosaurini

咸海龙 Aralosaurus

鸭龙 Canardia

牙克煞龙 Jaxartosaurus

青岛龙族 Tsintaosaurini

青岛龙 Tsintaosaurus

似凹齿龙 Pararhabdodon

副栉龙族 Parasaurolophini

卡戎龙 Charonosaurus

副栉龙 Parasaurolophus

短冠副栉龙 Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus

小号手副栉龙 Parasaurolophus tubicen

沃氏副栉龙 Parasaurolophus walkeri

赖氏龙族 Lambeosaurini
赖氏龙 Lambeosaurus

赖氏赖氏龙 Lambeosaurus lambei

大冠赖氏龙 Lambeosaurus magnicristatus

冠龙 Corythosaurus

鹤鸵冠龙 Corythosaurus casuarius

间型冠龙 Corythosaurus intermedius

斯氏亚冠龙 "Hypacrosaurus" stebingeri

亚冠龙 Hypacrosaurus

大天鹅龙 Olorotitan

艾瑞龙 Arenysaurus

布拉西龙 Blasisaurus

巨保罗龙 Magnapaulia

威拉弗龙 Velafrons

阿穆尔龙 Amurosaurus

黑龙江龙 Sahaliyania

日本龙历来被认为是赖氏龙族的一员,但它在族中的地位仍存在争议。Takasaki等人的2018年分析对这一定位提出了异议,相反,他将日本龙与艾瑞龙和布拉西龙并列为赖氏龙族的旁系群。[6]

Xing等人(2017年)的另一个系统发育分析产生了以下演化树,类似地将艾瑞龙放在该族之外。[7]

 赖氏龙亚科 Lambeosaurinae 

咸海龙 Aralosaurus

青岛龙族 Tsintaosaurini

青岛龙 Tsintaosaurus

似凹齿龙 Pararhabdodon

牙克煞龙 Jaxartosaurus

艾瑞龙 Arenysaurus

副栉龙族 Parasaurolophini

短冠副栉龙 Parasaurolophus cyrtocristatus

沃氏副栉龙 Parasaurolophus walkeri

卡戎龙 Charonosaurus

小号手副栉龙 Parasaurolophus tubicen

赖氏龙族 Lambeosaurini

扇冠大天鹅龙 Olorotitan

阿穆尔龙 Amurosaurus

Lambeosaurus

大冠赖氏龙 Lambeosaurus magnicristatus

赖氏赖氏龙 Lambeosaurus lambei

威拉弗龙 Velafrons

高棘亚冠龙 Hypacrosaurus altispinus

斯氏亚冠龙 Hypacrosaurus stebingeri

冠龙 Corythosaurus

鹤鸵冠龙 Corythosaurus casuarius

间型冠龙 Corythosaurus intermedius

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Prieto-Márquez, Albert; Vecchia, Fabio M. Dalla; Gaete, Rodrigo; Galobart, Àngel. Diversity, Relationships, and Biogeography of the Lambeosaurine Dinosaurs from the European Archipelago, with Description of the New Aralosaurin Canardia garonnensis. PLOS ONE. 2013-07-26, 8 (7): e69835. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...869835P. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 3724916可免费查阅. PMID 23922815. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069835 (英语). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Brett-Surman, Michael Keith. A Revision of the Hadrosauridae (Reptilia: Ornithischia) And Their Evolution (PDF) (学位论文). 1989-02-19 [2020-11-07]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-09-10). 
  3. ^ Evans, David C.; Reisz, Robert R. Anatomy and Relationships of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus, a Crested Hadrosaurid Dinosaur (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation, Alberta. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 2007, 27 (2): 373–393. ISSN 0272-4634. JSTOR 30126306. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2007)27[373:AAROLM]2.0.CO;2. 
  4. ^ Sullivan, Robert M.; Jasinski, Steven E.; Guenther, Merrilee; Lucas, Spencer G. The first lambeosaurin (Dinosauria, Hadrosauridae, Lambeosaurinae) from the Upper Cretaceous Ojo Alamo Formation (Naashoibito Member), San Juan Basin, New Mexico. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin. 2011, 35: 405–417. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Cruzado-Caballero, P.; Fortuny, J.; Llacer, S.; Canudo, J. I. Paleoneuroanatomy of the European lambeosaurine dinosaur Arenysaurus ardevoli. PeerJ. 2015-02-24, 3: e802. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4349051可免费查阅. PMID 25755931. doi:10.7717/peerj.802 (英语). 
  6. ^ Takasaki, Ryuji; Chiba, Kentaro; Kobayashi, Yoshitsugu; Currie, Philip J.; Fiorillo, Anthony R. Reanalysis of the phylogenetic status of Nipponosaurus sachalinensis (Ornithopoda: Dinosauria) from the Late Cretaceous of Southern Sakhalin. Historical Biology. 2018-07-04, 30 (5): 694–711. ISSN 0891-2963. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1317766. 
  7. ^ Xing, Hai; Mallon, Jordan C.; Currie, Margaret L. Supplementary cranial description of the types of Edmontosaurus regalis (Ornithischia: Hadrosauridae), with comments on the phylogenetics and biogeography of Hadrosaurinae. PLOS ONE. 2017-04-06, 12 (4): e0175253. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1275253X. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 5383305可免费查阅. PMID 28384240. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175253 (英语). 

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