蜥形纲

蜥形纲
化石时期：312–0 Ma
石炭紀晚期到現代
红耳龟（左）与绿头鸭（右）
科学分类 编辑
界： 动物界 Animalia
门： 脊索动物门 Chordata
总纲： 四足總綱 Tetrapoda
演化支： 爬行形類 Reptiliomorpha
演化支： 羊膜動物 Amniota
纲： 蜥形纲 Sauropsida
Goodrich（英语：Edwin Stephen Goodrich）, 1916
演化支

蜥形纲（学名：Sauropsida）是羊膜动物（Amniota）的两大演化支中的一个（另一个是哺乳动物所属的合弓纲），包含了所有现存的爬行类与鸟类，此外還包括已經滅絕的副爬行动物、恐龙、翼龙以及被统称为中生代海洋爬行动物的鱼龙、鳍龙、沧龙和海龙。

相比之下，爬行纲（Reptilia）的旧定义未包含鸟类，但却包括了合弓纲的兽孔目，即所谓的“似哺乳爬行动物”，包括了哺乳动物的直系祖先和远亲，这种定义下的“爬行纲”其实是个多系群。有些分类学者会因此用蜥形纲来替代爬行纲，使其定义属于并系群；但也有学者重新定义爬行纲，使之成为与蜥形纲同义的单系群，于是蜥形纲在这情况下会成为爬行纲的次异名。

分类

蜥形纲各演化支的关系如下，龟鳖目曾与众多史前副爬行动物一起归类为无孔亚纲，但后来的遗传分子学研究多支持龟鳖目位于主龙类所在的双孔亚纲演化支之中[1][2][3][4][5][6]：

蜥形纲（=广义爬行纲）
unnamed
†副爬行动物
 

†米勒古蜥科

 
unnamed
 

†正南龟属

 
†Ankyramorpha
 

†兰炭鳄超科

 
†前棱蜥亚目
 

†前稜蜥超科

 
 

†锯齿龙超科

 
 
 
 
 
真爬行动物
 

†大鼻龙科

 
卢默龙类
 

†古窗龙属

 
双孔亚纲
 

†纤肢龙目

 
新双弓类
 

†克劳迪欧蜥属

 
 
 

†始鳄目

 
 
 

†鱼龙超目

 
蜥类
鳞龙形下纲
 

†孔耐蜥科

 
鳞龙超目
 

喙头目 (喙头蜥)

 
 

有鳞目 (蜥蜴、蛇、蚓蜥)

 
 
 
主龙形下纲
 
 

†离龙目

 
 
 

†原蜥形目

 
 
 
 

†三稜龍屬

 
 

†喙头龙目

 
 
主龙形类
 

†植龙目

 
主龙类
 

伪鳄类（包括鳄目）

 
鸟跖类
 

†匿龙目

 
鸟颈类
 

†翼龙形态类

 
 

恐龙形态类（†恐龙和鸟类）

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 泛龟类 
 

†鳍龙超目

 
 
 

†楯齿龙目

 
 
 

†中国龙龟属

 
 
 

†半甲齿龟

 
龟鳖形类
 

†原颚龟

 
 

龟鳖目

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

参考文献

  1. ^ Lee, M. S. Y. Turtle origins: Insights from phylogenetic retrofitting and molecular scaffolds. Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 2013, 26 (12): 2729–2738. PMID 24256520. doi:10.1111/jeb.12268. 
  2. ^ Mannen, Hideyuki; Li, Steven S.-L. Molecular evidence for a clade of turtles. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. October 1999, 13 (1): 144–148. PMID 10508547. doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0640. 
  3. ^ Zardoya, R.; Meyer, A. Complete mitochondrial genome suggests diapsid affinities of turtles (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 1998, 95 (24): 14226–14231 [2019-06-15]. Bibcode:1998PNAS...9514226Z. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 24355 可免费查阅. PMID 9826682. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14226. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-07-24）. 
  4. ^ Iwabe, Naoyuki; Hara, Yuichiro; Kumazawa, Yoshinori; Shibamoto, Kaori; Saito, Yumi; Miyata, Takashi; Katoh, Kazutaka. Sister group relationship of turtles to the bird-crocodilian clade revealed by nuclear DNA-coded proteins. Molecular Biology and Evolution. December 2004, 22 (4): 810–813 [December 12, 2010]. PMID 15625185. doi:10.1093/molbev/msi075. （原始内容存档于2016-04-12）. 
  5. ^ Roos, J.; Aggarwal, R.K.; Janke, A. Extended mitogenomic phylogenetic analyses yield new insight into crocodylian evolution and their survival of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. November 2007, 45 (2): 663–673. PMID 17719245. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.06.018. 
  6. ^ Katsu, Y.; Braun, E. L.; Guillette, L.J. Jr.; Iguchi, T. From reptilian phylogenomics to reptilian genomes: analyses of c-Jun and DJ-1 proto-oncogenes. Cytogenetic and Genome Research. March 2010, 127 (2–4): 79–93. PMID 20234127. doi:10.1159/000297715. 
引用错误：在<references>标签中name属性为“sauropsida”的参考文献没有在文中使用

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