有颌下门

有颌下门
化石时期:430–0 Ma[1][2] 可能更早的时期:462 Ma
志留纪现代
260px
鄧氏魚盾皮魚綱,左上)
斑紋鬚鯊軟骨魚類,右上)
雙鬚骨舌魚輻鰭魚類,左下)
尼羅鱷四足類,右下)
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
演化支 嗅球類 Olfactores
亚门: 脊椎动物亚门 Vertebrata
下门: 有颌下门 Gnathostomata
演化支

下门學名:Gnathostomata)旧称有頜總綱,也称有顎類頜口類[3][4],是脊椎动物的主要演化支,源自4.5亿年前無頜總綱中的第一对鳃弓英语Branchial arch演化为下颌鱼类。上下颌的出现使牠们的取食能力大幅增强,同时因为口腔的形成使得前脑得到了进一步演化发展的空间并最终形成了端脑,生存竞争能力也随之提高[5],成为了脊椎动物的主幹类群。现存有颌类动物约6万,占脊椎动物现生种类的99.8%。在距今约4.4亿年的地层中发现的“重庆特异埋藏化石库”[6][7]和“贵州石阡化石库”[8][9],填补了全球志留纪早期有颌类化石记录的空白,首次为有颌类的崛起与最早期辐射分化提供确切证据。

下级分类


有颌下门内部的系统发育关系:

 有颌下门 

 盾皮鱼纲

 真有颌小门

 棘鱼纲 軟骨魚綱

 硬骨鱼高纲
辐鳍鱼总纲
辐鳍鱼纲
新鳍亚纲

 真骨下纲

 全骨下纲

 软质亚纲

 腕鳍鱼纲

肉鳍鱼总纲
肺鱼四足纲

 肺鱼亚纲

 四足形亚纲

 腔棘魚綱

注释

参考文献

  1. ^ Hanke, Gavin F.; Wilson, Mark V. H. New teleostome fishes and acanthodian systematics. (PDF). Recent advances in the origin and early radiation of vertebrates. 2004: 189–216 [2020-01-24]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-04). ... record of acanthodian fishes is limited to microremains from the latest Ordovician (JANVIER 1996) 
  2. ^ Sansom, Ivan J.; Smith, Moya M.; Smith, M. Paul. Scales of thelodont and shark-like fishes from the Ordovician of Colorado. Nature. February 15, 1996, 379 (6566): 628–630. Bibcode:1996Natur.379..628S. doi:10.1038/379628a0. 
  3. ^ gnathostomata-頜口類. 雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網. 國家教育研究院. [2021-07-30]. [失效連結]
  4. ^ gnathostomata-有頷類. 雙語詞彙、學術名詞暨辭書資訊網. 國家教育研究院. [2020-12-17]. (原始内容存档于2021-07-30). 
  5. ^ 有颌类. 术语在线. 北京: 全国科学技术名词审定委员会事务中心. [2020-12-25]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-11). 
  6. ^ Zhu, You-an; Li, Qiang; Lu, Jing; Chen, Yang; Wang, Jianhua; Gai, Zhikun; Zhao, Wenjin; Wei, Guangbiao; Yu, Yilun; Ahlberg, Per E.; Zhu, Min. The oldest complete jawed vertebrates from the early Silurian of China. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05136-8. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 
  7. ^ Gai, Zhikun; Li, Qiang; Ferrón, Humberto G.; Keating, Joseph N.; Wang, Junqing; Donoghue, Philip C. J.; Zhu, Min. Galeaspid anatomy and the origin of vertebrate paired appendages. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-04897-6. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 
  8. ^ Andreev, Plamen S.; Sansom, Ivan J.; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Wenjin; Wang, Jianhua; Wang, Chun-Chieh; Peng, Lijian; Jia, Liantao; Qiao, Tuo; Zhu, Min. The oldest gnathostome teeth. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05166-2. (原始内容存档于2022-10-21) (英语). 
  9. ^ Andreev, Plamen S.; Sansom, Ivan J.; Li, Qiang; Zhao, Wenjin; Wang, Jianhua; Wang, Chun-Chieh; Peng, Lijian; Jia, Liantao; Qiao, Tuo; Zhu, Min. Spiny chondrichthyan from the lower Silurian of South China. Nature. 2022-09, 609 (7929) [2022-10-21]. ISSN 1476-4687. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05233-8. (原始内容存档于2022-10-19) (英语). 

Read other articles:

Holger-MadsenLahir(1878-04-11)11 April 1878Copenhagen, DenmarkMeninggal30 November 1943(1943-11-30) (umur 65)DenmarkPekerjaanSutradaraPemeranPenulis naskahTahun aktif1912–1936 Holger-Madsen (11 April 1878 – 30 November 1943) adalah seorang sutradara, pemeran dan penulis naskah asal Denmark.[1] Ia menyutradarai 46 film antara 1912 dan 1936. Ia juga tampil dalam 22 film antara 1908 dan 1935. Filmografi pilihan Kun en Tigger (1912) Ned med Vaabnene (1913) Pax...

 

DrownSingel promosi oleh Justin Timberlakedari album Everything I Thought It WasDirilis23 Februari 2024 (2024-02-23)Durasi4:20LabelRCAPencipta Justin Timberlake Amy Allen Henry Walter Louis Bell Kenyon Dixon Produser Timberlake Bell Cirkut Lyric videoDrown di YouTube Drown adalah lagu dari penyanyi-penulis lagu asal Amerika Serikat, Justin Timberlake. Lagu ini dirilis pada 23 Februari 2024, sebagai single promosi dari album studio keenamnya, Everything I Thought It Was. Lagu ini dibuat s...

 

Castello di CisternaKomuneComune di Castello di CisternaLokasi Castello di Cisterna di Provinsi NapoliNegaraItaliaWilayah CampaniaProvinsiNapoli (NA)Luas[1] • Total3,92 km2 (1,51 sq mi)Ketinggian[2]40 m (130 ft)Populasi (2016)[3] • Total7.452 • Kepadatan1,900/km2 (4,900/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)Kode pos80030Kode area telepon081Situs webhttp://www.comune-...

Japanese novel and anime series Tsukumogami KashimasuThe cover of the first edition.つくもがみ貸します NovelWritten byMegumi HatakenakaPublished byKadokawa ShotenPublishedSeptember 25, 2007 NovelTsukumogami, Asobō yoWritten byMegumi HatakenakaPublished byKadokawa ShotenPublishedMarch 26, 2013 Anime television seriesDirected byMasahiko MurataProduced byTMS EntertainmentWritten byKento ShimoyamaMusic byGō SatōStudioTelecom Animation FilmLicens...

 

Book on ornithologyThe Birds of the Western Palearctic The cover of volume 1 of the full editionCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishPublished1977–96 (Oxford University Press)Media typePrint (Hardback) The Birds of the Western Palearctic (full title Handbook of the Birds of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa: The Birds of the Western Palearctic; often referred to by the initials BWP) is a nine-volume ornithological handbook covering the birds of the western portion of the Palearc...

 

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

Main article: 1980 United States presidential election1980 United States presidential election in Washington (state) ← 1976 November 4, 1980 1984 →   Nominee Ronald Reagan Jimmy Carter John B. Anderson Party Republican Democratic Independent Home state California Georgia Illinois Running mate George H. W. Bush Walter Mondale Patrick Lucey Electoral vote 9 0 0 Popular vote 865,244 650,193 185,073 Percentage 49.66% 37.32% 10.62% County Results Rea...

 

English actress and singer Rebecca GrantGrant in 2010BornRebecca Marguerite Grant de Longueuil1982 (age 41–42)Nottingham, EnglandOccupationsActresssingerYears active2001–presentParentsMichael Grant (father)Isabel Padua (mother)FamilyRachel Grant (sister)Websitewww.rebeccagrant.co.ukwww.rebeccagrantmusic.com Rebecca Helena Grant de Longueuil (born ca. 1982 in Nottingham) is an English actress and singer, known for her roles as Daisha Anderson on the BBC medical drama Holby Ci...

 

Charles-Henri DambrayGravure de DambrayFonctionsGarde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice7 mai 1816 - 19 janvier 1817François Barbé-MarboisÉtienne-Denis PasquierAcadémicienAcadémie des inscriptions et belles-lettres1816-1829Agricol-Joseph Fortia d'UrbanPrésident de la Chambre des pairs4 juin 1814 - 13 décembre 1829Garde des Sceaux, ministre de la Justice13 mai 1814 - 20 mars 1815Pierre Paul Nicolas Henrion de PanseyJean-Jacques-Régis de CambacérèsChancelier de France13 mai 1814 - 13 ...

Canadian-American singer-songwriter Matt ThiessenThiessen performing at Wonder Jam 2009, at Canada's WonderlandBackground informationBirth nameMatthew Arnold ThiessenBorn (1980-08-12) August 12, 1980 (age 43)St. Catharines, Ontario, CanadaOriginCanton, Ohio, U.S.GenresChristian rock, alternative rock, pop punk, folk music, indie pop, guitar popInstrument(s)Vocals, guitar, pianoYears active1998–presentLabelsGotee, Capitol, Mono vs StereoMember ofRelient KMusical artist Matthew Arnold Th...

 

Ne doit pas être confondu avec Histoire du monde. L'histoire de la Terre couvre approximativement 4,6 milliards d'années, depuis la formation de la Terre à partir de la nébuleuse solaire jusqu'à l'époque actuelle. Elle est divisée en quatre périodes chronologiques, les éons, les trois premiers définissant le superéon du Précambrien : L'Hadéen dure un demi-milliard d'années. Il n'a guère laissé de roche en place si ce n'est des fragments dans des roches éruptives ultéri...

 

2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会波兰代表團波兰国旗IOC編碼POLNOC波蘭奧林匹克委員會網站olimpijski.pl(英文)(波兰文)2020年夏季奥林匹克运动会(東京)2021年7月23日至8月8日(受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响推迟,但仍保留原定名称)運動員206參賽項目24个大项旗手开幕式:帕维尔·科热尼奥夫斯基(游泳)和马娅·沃什乔夫斯卡(自行车)[1]闭幕式:卡罗利娜·纳亚(皮划艇)&#...

Agung HerculesAgung Hercules saat Pawai Obor Asian Games di Solo, 19 Juli 2018LahirAgung Santoso(1971-02-09)9 Februari 1971Singosari, Malang, IndonesiaMeninggal1 Agustus 2019(2019-08-01) (umur 48)Jakarta, IndonesiaMakamTPU Cikutra, BandungPekerjaanPenyanyiAktorPelawakBinaragawanPengusaha kulinerSuami/istriMira RahayuKarier musikGenreDangdutTahun aktif1998–2019LabelSeven Music Agung Santoso atau yang dikenal dengan Agung Hercules (9 Februari 1971 – 1 Agustus 2019) adala...

 

Three American television miniseries This article is about the American miniseries. For the originating novels, see North and South (trilogy). For the unrelated British television serial, see North & South (TV serial). For other uses, see North and South. North and SouthComplete Collection DVD coverGenreHistorical fictionCreated byDavid L. WolperBased onNorth and South (trilogy)by John JakesStory byJohn JakesStarring James Read Patrick Swayze Lesley-Anne Down Wendy Kilbourne Kirstie Alley...

 

2023 Spanish filmJump!Theatrical release posterSpanish¡Salta! Directed byOlga OsorioScreenplay byOlga OsorioAraceli GondaProduced byEmma LustresBorja PenaStarringTamar NovasMarta NietoMario SantosMabel RiveraManuel ManquiñaRubén FulgencioIrene JiménezSaúl EsguevaCinematographyElías M. FélixEdited byMario MarotoMusic byManuel RiveiroProductioncompaniesVaca FilmsQuien a hierro mata AIEDistributed byA Contracorriente FilmsRelease date 1 September 2023 (2023-09-01) CountryS...

هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مايو 2023) الحفلات الموسيقية من أمثلة اتصالات المجموعة الكبيرة اتصالات المجموعة الكبيرة (بالإنجليزية: Large-group communication)‏ هو اتصال في مجموعات تتراوح بين عشرين شخصًا إلى عد...

 

インディカ 長粒種の玄米(品種:バスマティ) 分類 界 : 植物界 Plantae 門 : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta 綱 : 単子葉植物綱 Liliopsida 目 : イネ目 Poales 科 : イネ科 Poaceae 亜科 : タケ亜科 Bambusoideae 属 : イネ属 Oryza 種 : イネ O. sativa 亜種 : インディカO. sativa subsp. indica 学名 Oryza sativa subsp. indica インディカ米(インディカまい)は、イネの品種群の一つ。世界のコメ生産量の約8割を�...

 

This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these messages) This article may rely excessively on sources too closely associated with the subject, potentially preventing the article from being verifiable and neutral. Please help improve it by replacing them with more appropriate citations to reliable, independent, third-party sources. (December 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) This article may...

Planets visible to the naked eye Wandering stars redirects here. For other uses, see Wandering star. For the failed IAU planet category of Classical Planets, see IAU definition of planet. Astrology Background Worship of heavenly bodies History of astrology Astrology and astronomy Glossary Planets Behenian Classical Zodiac Traditions, types, and systems Astrology and science Astrologers Astrological organizations Traditions Babylonian Chinese Hellenistic Hindu Islamic Jewish Tibetan Western Br...

 

Application of cybernetics to itself Second-order cybernetics, also known as the cybernetics of cybernetics, is the recursive application of cybernetics to itself and the reflexive practice of cybernetics according to such a critique. It is cybernetics where the role of the observer is appreciated and acknowledged rather than disguised, as had become traditional in western science.[1] Second-order cybernetics was developed between the late 1960s and mid 1970s[note 1] by Heinz ...