Acido miristico

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Acido miristico
formula di struttura
formula di struttura
Nome IUPAC
acido tetradecanoico
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC14H28O2
Massa molecolare (u)228,38
Aspettosolido bianco a scaglie
Numero CAS544-63-8
Numero EINECS208-875-2
PubChem11005
DrugBankDBDB08231
SMILES
CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Solubilità in acquainsolubile
Temperatura di fusione51 °C (324 K)
Temperatura di ebollizione250 °C (523 K)
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Frasi H---
Consigli P--- [1]
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

L'acido tetradecanoico, detto anche acido miristico, è un acido grasso saturo presente nei derivati del latte (specialmente burro, panna e formaggi), olio di cocco, olio di semi di palma e in alcune spezie tra cui la noce moscata; il burro di noce moscata contiene fino al 75% in peso di trimiristina. La sua formula chimica è CH3(CH2)12COOH.

La riduzione dell'acido miristico dà origine all'alcool miristilico (o 1-tetradecanolo).

L'acido miristico viene comunemente legato ad un residuo amminoacidico di glicina vicino all'estremità N-terminale di proteine chinasi associate ai recettori per fare in modo che l'enzima si localizzi in prossimità della membrana; questo si verifica poiché l'acido miristico è sufficientemente idrofobico da essere incorporato all'interno del doppio strato di fosfolipidi della membrana cellulare delle cellule eucariotiche.

La miristilazione è una modificazione stabile: l'acido grasso rimane attaccato alla proteina per tutta la sua vita. Le proteine miristilate sono localizzate in vari compartimenti subcellulari, inclusi il citoplasma, il reticolo endoplasmatico, la membrana plasmatica ed il nucleo.

La trimiristina è il trigliceride dell'acido miristico.

Note

  1. ^ scheda dell'acido miristico su IFA-GESTIS

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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