Tetrafluoruro di selenio

Tetrafluoruro di selenio
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareSeF4
Massa molecolare (u)154,954
Aspettoliquido incolore
Numero CAS13465-66-2
Numero EINECS236-703-6
PubChem123311
SMILES
F[Se](F)(F)F
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)2,77
Solubilità in acquareazione violenta
Temperatura di fusione−13 °C (260 K)
Temperatura di ebollizione101 °C (374 K)
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
Corrosivo Tossico
Frasi R23/25-33-50/53
Frasi S20/21-28-45

Il tetrafluoruro di selenio è il composto inorganico di formula SeF4. In condizioni normali è un liquido incolore fumante che reagisce violentemente con l'acqua. È un composto tossico e corrosivo. Si può usare come agente fluorurante in chimica organica (fluorurazione di alcoli, acidi carbossilici e composti carbonilici); rispetto a SF4 è più vantaggioso perché richiede condizioni più blande ed è un liquido anziché un gas.[1]

Struttura

SeF4 è un composto molecolare; allo stato gassoso la molecola ha forma ad altalena, con simmetria C2v, analogamente a SF4. Questa struttura è in accordo con la teoria VSEPR, che prevede che la coppia di elettroni non condivisa occupi una posizione equatoriale in uno schema di base di bipiramide trigonale. La distanza tra l'atomo di selenio e gli atomi di fluoro assiali è di 177 pm, e l'angolo F–Se–F è di 169,2°. I due atomi di fluoro equatoriali hanno distanza di legame minore (168 pm) con un angolo F–Se–F di 100,6°. In soluzioni diluite questa struttura monomerica è la specie predominante, ma a concentrazione più elevata c'è evidenza di una debole associazione tra molecole SeF4, e attorno all'atomo di selenio si ha una coordinazione ottaedrica distorta.[2] Anche allo stato solido l'atomo di selenio ha un intorno ottaedrico distorto.[3]

Sintesi

SeF4 fu descritto per la prima volta nel 1907 da Paul Lebeau, che lo ottenne facendo reagire selenio e fluoro:[4]

SeF4 si può ottenere anche per fluorurazione del selenio con trifluoruro di cloro, o per reazione del tetrafluoruro di zolfo con diossido di selenio:

Reattività

In HF, SeF4 si comporta come una base debole, più debole di SeF4 (Kb = 2 x 10–2) :

SeF4 + HF ⇄ SeF3+ + [HF]2           (Kb = 4 x 10–4)

Con SbF5, AsF5, NbF5, TaF5 e BF3 si formano addotti ionici contenenti cationi SeF3+.[5]

Con CsF si forma invece l'anione SeF5, che ha struttura di piramide a base quadrata simile alle specie isoelettroniche ClF5 e BrF5.[6]

L'anione SeF62– si forma con fluoruro di esametilpiperidinio o fluoruro di 1,2-dimetilpropiltrimetilammonio; ha una struttura ottaedrica distorta, a differenza dell'analogo SeCl62– che ha struttura ottaedrica regolare.[7]

Sicurezza

SeF4 è un composto tossico e corrosivo, che reagisce violentemente con l'acqua. Provoca ustioni alla pelle, agli occhi, all'apparato respiratorio e a tutte le mucose.[8]

Note

  1. ^ G. A. Olah, M. Nojima, I. Kerekes, Synthetic methods and reactions. I. Selenium tetrafluoride and its pyridine complex. Convenient fluorinating agents for fluorination of ketones, aldehydes, amides, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and anhydrides, in J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 96, n. 3, 1974, pp. 925-927, DOI:10.1021/ja00810a052.
  2. ^ (DE) K. Seppelt, Die Struktur des Selentetrafluorid in Lösung, in Z. anorg. allg. Chem., vol. 416, n. 1, 1975, pp. 12-18, DOI:10.1002/zaac.19754160103.
  3. ^ N. N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, Chemistry of the elements, 2ª ed., Oxford, Butterworth-Heinemann, 1997, ISBN 0-7506-3365-4.
  4. ^ P. Lebeau, Action du fluor sur le sèlénium. Tétrafluorure de sèlénium, in Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci., Paris, vol. 144, 1907, pp. 1042-1044. URL consultato il 26 maggio 2011.
  5. ^ R. J. Gillespie, A. Whitla, Selenium tetrafluoride adducts. II. Adducts with boron trifluoride and some pentafluorides, in Can. J. Chem., vol. 48, n. 4, 1970, pp. 657-663, DOI:10.1139/v70-106.
  6. ^ K. O. Christe, E. C. Curtis, C. J. Schack, D. Pilipovich, Vibrational spectra and force constants of the square-pyramidal anions SF5, SeF5, and TeF5, in Inorg. Chem., vol. 11, n. 7, 1972, pp. 1679-1682, DOI:10.1021/ic50113a046.
  7. ^ A. R. Mahjoub, X. Zhang, K. Seppelt, Reactions of the “naked” fluoride Ion: syntheses and structures of SeF62– and BrF6, in Chem. Eur. J., vol. 1, n. 4, 1995, pp. 261-265, DOI:10.1002/chem.19950010410.
  8. ^ Oakwood Products, Scheda di sicurezza di SeF4 (PDF) [collegamento interrotto], su labseeker.com. URL consultato il 9 giugno 2011.

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

Read other articles:

Buildings and structures in St. Augustine, Florida The King's Bakery, 1936 or 1937 The King's Bakery, December 2012 The King's Bakery is a coquina stone structure in St. Augustine, Florida, built during the British colonial period in the state (1763–1783). The building, located on Marine Street, with the rear facing Matanzas Bay, was constructed to supply bread to the British troops quartered across the street at the St. Francis Barracks, a building which formerly housed Franciscan friars, ...

 

 

Theory of natural law Not to be confused with labor theory of value. John Locke's portrait by Godfrey Kneller, National Portrait Gallery, LondonPart of a series onJohn Locke Social contract Limited government Tabula rasa State of nature Right to property Labor theory of property Lockean proviso Argument from consciousness Works(listed chronologically) Fundamental Constitutionsof Carolina A Letter Concerning Toleration Two Treatises of Government An Essay ConcerningHuman Understanding Some Tho...

 

 

Pen name Silence Dogood Essay in the New-England Courant Mrs. Silence Dogood was the pen name used by Benjamin Franklin to get his work published in the New-England Courant, a newspaper founded and published by his brother James Franklin. This was after Benjamin Franklin was denied several times when he tried to publish letters under his own name in the Courant. The 14 Mrs. Silence Dogood letters were first printed in 1722. History As a young boy, Franklin worked as an apprentice in his olde...

HaAksara BaliHuruf LatinHa, AIASTHaFonem[h]UnicodeU+1B33 , U+Warga aksarakanthyaGantungan Ha adalah salah satu aksara wianjana dalam aksara Bali yang melambangkan bunyi /ha/ atau /a/. Jika aksara Ha dialihaksarakan dari aksara Bali menjadi huruf Latin, maka ditulis Ha. Fonem Ha termasuk warga kanthya. Sebagian besar warga kanthya merupakan golongan konsonan langit-langit belakang,[1] misalnya Ka, Kha, Ga, Gha, dan Nga. Meskipun termasuk warga kanthya, sesungguhnya Ha bukanlah konsona...

 

 

Genus of caddisflies Phryganea Phryganea bipunctata Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order: Trichoptera Family: Phryganeidae Subfamily: Phryganeinae Genus: PhryganeaLinnaeus, 1758 Phryganea is a genus of giant caddisflies in the family Phryganeidae. There are about 13 described species in the genus.[1][2][3][4] The type species for Phryganea is Phryganea grandis C. Linnaeus.[2] Species Phryg...

 

 

Ordu province Ordu iliProvince of TurkeyLocation of Ordu Province in TurkeyCountryTurkeyRegionEast Black SeaElectoral districtOrduLuas • Total6,001 km2 (2,317 sq mi)Populasi (2010-12-31)[1] • Total719.183 • Kepadatan120,000/km2 (310,000/sq mi)Kode area telepon0452Pelat kendaraan52Situs webordu.gov.tr Ordu (Turki: Ordu ili) adalah sebuah provinsi Turki. Referensi ^ Turkish Statistical Institute, MS Excel document – Popu...

† Человек прямоходящий Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:Синапсиды�...

 

 

Koraibi Koraibi adalah perisai tradisional yang berasal dari kepulauan Mentawai, Indonesia. Deskripsi Koraibi adalah tameng yang terbuat dari kayu sepanjang 1 m dan lebar 30 cm. Koraibi ini dulu dipergunakan untuk menangkis serangan panah, tombak dan parang dari musuh. Orang Mentawai memakai koraibi untuk menjaga diri dari serangan musuh, baik musuh yang langsung berhadapan maupun musuh yang sembunyi-sembunyi. Bentuk koraibi seperti motif kepala buaya. Dan diukir sedemikian rupa sehingga...

 

 

1965 single by Elvis PresleyYou'll Be Gone1965 U.S. RCA Victor 45 picture sleeve, 47-8500Single by Elvis Presleyfrom the album Girl Happy A-sideDo the ClamReleasedFebruary 9, 1965RecordedMarch 18, 1962GenrePoprock and rollLength2:20LabelRCA VictorSongwriter(s)Elvis PresleyRed WestCharlie HodgeElvis Presley singles chronology Blue Christmas (1965) Do the Clam / You'll Be Gone (1965) Crying in the Chapel (1965) You'll Be Gone is a song recorded by Elvis Presley and published by Elvis Presley Mu...

أم الخير   الإحداثيات 31°25′30″N 35°11′46″E / 31.4249°N 35.1962°E / 31.4249; 35.1962   تقسيم إداري  البلد دولة فلسطين  التقسيم الأعلى محافظة الخليل  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   أم الخير قرية فلسطينية تقع في محافظة الخليل شرق مدينة يطا[1] في الضفة الغربية. قدّر عدد سكانها ...

 

 

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع خوسيه موراليس (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (أبريل 2019)Learn how and when to remove this message خوسيه موراليس   معلومات شخصية الميلاد 30 ديسمبر 1944 (80 سنة)  فريدريكستيد  مواطنة ال�...

 

 

Belgian playwright, librettist and translator of opera librettos Caricature of Vaëz by Nadar (1850s) Jean-Nicolas-Gustave Van Nieuwen-Huysen (known as Gustave Vaëz) (6 December 1812 – 12 March 1862) was a Belgian playwright, librettist and translator of opera librettos. Born in Brussels, he studied law and earned a doctorate at the State University of Leuven.[1] Since he had no desire to work as a lawyer, he devoted himself to a career as a playwright. He published a large number ...

This article contains paid contributions. It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly neutral point of view. Please discuss further on the talk page. American clothing brand Tapout Inc.Company typeJoint-ventureFounded1997; 27 years ago (1997)FounderCharles Lewis Jr. and Dan CaldwellHeadquartersGrand Terrace, California,United StatesArea servedWorldwideProductsClothing, footwear, sporting equipment accessoriesOwnerWWE (50%)Authentic Brands...

 

 

This article is about the project management process. For other uses, see Quality control (disambiguation). For the record label, see Quality Control Music. Processes that maintain quality at a constant level Quality inspector in a Volkseigener Betrieb sewing machine parts factory in Dresden, East Germany, 1977 Quality control (QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production. ISO 9000 defines quality control as a part of quality management focused o...

 

 

Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007Parliament of South AfricaCitationAct No. 32 of 2007Enacted byParliament of South AfricaEnacted22 November 2007Assented to13 December 2007CommencedChapters 1–4 and 7: 16 December 2007Chapter 5: 21 March 2008Chapter 6: 16 June 2008Status: Amended Sex and the law Social issues Consent Reproductive rights Homophobia (Criminalization · Capital punishment) LGBT rights (Conversion therapy · Decriminalization · Civ...

Одесская АТЭЦ Страна  Украина Местоположение Теплодар, Одесская область Год начала строительства 1980 год Основные характеристики Электрическая мощность, МВт проектная 2000 МВт Характеристики оборудования Количество энергоблоков 0 Строится энергоблоков 2 Тип реакторо�...

 

 

For the community in Humboldt County, see Glendale, Humboldt County, California. City in California, United StatesGlendale, CaliforniaCityAerial view of Glendale with the Verdugo Mountains in the backgroundAmericana at BrandHighrises in Downtown GlendaleHoly Family Catholic ChurchGrand Central AirportSt. Mark's Episcopal Church FlagSealNickname: Jewel CityShow GlendaleShow Los Angeles CountyShow CaliforniaShow the United StatesCoordinates: 34°08′46″N 118°15′18″W / þ...

 

 

American politician Glen Mulready13th Insurance Commissioner of OklahomaIncumbentAssumed office January 14, 2019GovernorKevin StittPreceded byJohn D. DoakMember of the Oklahoma House of Representativesfrom the 68th districtIn officeNovember 16, 2010 – November 15, 2018Preceded byChris BengeSucceeded byLonnie SimsRepublican Majority Floor Leader of the Oklahoma House of Representatives (Former) Personal detailsBorn (1960-11-21) November 21, 1960 (age 63)Politica...

MinnieMinnie pada 2019LahirNicha Yontararak(มินนี่ ณิชา ยนตรรักษ์)23 Oktober 1997 (umur 26)Bangkok, ThailandPekerjaanPenyanyiTahun aktif2018–sekarangAgenCube EntertainmentTinggi164 cm (5 ft 5 in)Berat45 kg (99 pon) Nicha Yontararak (มินนี่ ณิชา ยนตรรักษ์) atau Minnie (민니) (lahir 23 Oktober 1997) adalah seorang penyanyi Thailand yang berada di bawah kontrak Cube Entertainment. ...

 

 

Title in British Commonwealth honours systems For other uses, see Dame (disambiguation). The Investiture of Dame Lourett Russell Grant into the Order of The Holy Sepulchre Dame is an honorific title and the feminine form of address for the honour of damehood in many Christian chivalric orders, as well as the British honours system and those of several other Commonwealth realms, such as Australia and New Zealand, with the masculine form of address being Sir. It is the female equivalent of a kn...