Fluoruro di scandio

Fluoruro di scandio
Nome IUPAC
fluoruro di scandio, fluoruro di scandio(III), trifluoruro di scandio
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareF3Sc
Peso formula (u)101,95
Aspettopolvere bianca
Numero CAS13709-47-2
Numero EINECS237-255-4
PubChem83678
SMILES
F[Sc](F)F
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Solubilità in acquainsolubile[1]
Temperatura di fusione1 552 °C (1 825 K)[2]
Proprietà termochimiche
ΔfH0 (kJ·mol−1)-1629,2[2]
ΔfG0 (kJ·mol−1)-1555,6[2]
S0m(J·K−1mol−1)92,2[2]
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
tossicità acuta
pericolo
Frasi H301+311+331 [3]
Consigli P261 - 264 - 280 - 301+310 - 304+340+311 - EUH032 [3]

Il fluoruro di scandio è il sale di scandio dell'acido fluoridrico, di formula ScF3. A temperatura ambiente si presenta in forma di polvere bianca, insolubile in acqua.

Sintesi

Il fluoruro di scandio fu preparato per la prima volta da William Crookes nel 1908.[4] Il composto si ottiene trattando ossido di scandio o idrossido di scandio con acido fluoridrico. La soluzione evaporata a secchezza va quindi disidratata sotto vuoto.[5]

Industrialmente si ottiene trattando l'ossido di scandio contenuto nel minerale thortveitite con idrogenodifluoruro d'ammonio ad alta temperatura:[6]

Struttura e proprietà

Allo stato solido ScF3 mostra una struttura cristallina tipo ReO3, dove l'atomo di scandio è al centro di un intorno ottaedrico di sei atomi di fluoro.[1] La costante di reticolo risulta a = 401 pm.[7] Allo stato gassoso sono presenti molecole isolate ScF3 con struttura planare (simmetria D3h); la distanza Sc–F è 1,847 Å.[2][8]

ScF3 è insolubile in acqua, ma in presenza di ioni fluoruro si scioglie formando il complesso [ScF6]3−.[9]

ScF3 viene usato per produrre scandio metallico puro, tramite riduzione con calcio metallico:[2][6]

Tossicità / Indicazioni di sicurezza

ScF3 è disponibile in commercio. Il composto è tossico per ingestione, inalazione o anche per contatto con la pelle. Non ci sono dati che indichino proprietà cancerogene.[3]

Note

Bibliografia

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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