Pous Clemens IV

Pous Clemens IV
Geboortenaam Gui Faucoi
Pontifikaat begin 5 Februarie 1265
Pontifikaat eindig 29 November 1268
Voorganger Urbanus IV
Opvolger Gregorius X
Gebore 23 November ±1195
Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, Frankryk
Sterf 29 November 1268
Viterbo, Italië
Ander pouse genaamd Clemens

Clemens IV was die 183ste pous van die Rooms-Katolieke Kerk van 1265 tot 1268 na 'n sedis vacatio van 116 dae.

Biografie

Pous Clemens IV[1] is gebore as Gui Faucoi (later le Gros (die dikke)) op 23 November ongeveer in 1195 in Saint-Gilles-du-Gard,naby Nîmes in Frankryk. Hy is die seun van Louis Faucoi en Marie Laure Salvanhiac. Op 16 Januarie 1239 trou hy met Margueritte, dogter van Jacques en Cécile du Sault. Hy het twee dogters, Mabile, wat 'n non geword het in 1267 en oorlede is in 1307 en Cécile wat op 2 Februarie 1274 trou met haar neef Pierre Ruffi. Gui was 'n wewenaar, 'n soldaat en regsgeleerde voordat hy tot die kerk toegetree het. Hy was ook die sekretaris van koning Lodewyk IX van Frankryk wat gesorg het dat hy later kardinaal geword het. Na die dood van sy vrou het hy priester geword en vinnig opgang gemaak in die kerk. In 1256 word hy biskop van Le Puy, in 1259 aartsbiskop van Narbonne en in Desember 1261 word hy as kardinaal van Sabina aangestel deur Pous Urbanus IV.Die kardinale het op die konklaaf in Perigua vir vier maande argumenteer of hulle Karel van Anjou, die broer van Lodewyk IX van Frankryk sou vra om die oorlog teen die Hohenstaufen voort te sit, voordat hulle op 5 Februarie 1265 Pous Clemens IV gekies het om Pous Urbanus IV op te volg. Hy word gekroon op 22 Februarie 1265, regeer tot sy dood op 29 November 1268 en word opgevolg deur Pous Gregorius X. Die naam ‘Clemens’ beteken 'sagmoedige'.

Pontifikaat

Pous Clemens IV[2] se pontifikaat word gekenmerk deur die stryd teen Manfred, die buite-egtelike familielid van keiser Frederik II van Hohenstaufen. Clemens was in Frankryk toe hy verkies is en moes Italië binnegaan in 'n vermomming. Hy het dadelik 'n alliansie gesluit met Karel van Anjou. Karel het met geld en troepe van die pous Napels aangeval. Hy verslaan en dood Manfred in die slag van Benevento op 22 Februarie 1266. By die daarop volgende slag van Tagliacozzo op 23 Augustus 1268 word Conradin, die laaste Hohenstaufen, gevange geneem. Karel laat Conradin onthoof op die markplein in Napels op 29 Oktober 1268.

Pous Clemens het volstrek geweier om sy familie te verryk. Hy was die Jode nie goed gesind nie en in 1264 het hy die Jode van Aragon opdrag gegee om hulle boeke aan die Dominikane te gee om dit te laat sensureer.[3] Thomas Aquinas het aan die hof van die pous gewoon. Die pous is begrawe in Viterbo waar hy die hele tyd van sy pontifikaat gewoon het.

Die Mongole

Pous Clemens IV het gekorrespondeer met die Mongoolse Khan Abaqa. Die khan het 'n Mongoolse ambassadeur na die pous gestuur. Abaqa het 'n alliansie voorgestel tussen sy troepe, die Westerse magte en die Bisantynse keiser Michael VIII Palaeologos (Abaqa se skoonpa). In 1267 stuur die pous saam met James I van Aragon vir Jayme Alaric van Perpignan as ambassadeur na die Mongole. Jayme Alaric keer terug na Europa in 1269 met 'n versoek van die khan vir 'n alliansie. Die pous het die versoek op 'n nie-bindende manier beantwoord, maar wel die khan van die beplande kruistog vertel.

Heiligverklarings

Bibliografie

  • Duff, Eamon (2001). Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes, Yale University Press. ISBN 0300091656.
  • Grousset, Histoires des Croisades
  • Maxwell-Stuart, P. G. (2002). Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present, Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0500017980.
  • Runciman, Steven (1958). The Sicilian Vespers. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-43774-1.
  • Runciman, Steven. History of the Crusades.

Verwysings

  1. Clement IV. (2008). Encyclopædia Britannica. Deluxe Edition. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica.
  2. Loughlin, J. (1908). Pope Clement IV. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Besoek September 12, 2008 by: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04019a.htm
  3. Popper, William (1889). The censorship of Hebrew Books. Knickerbocker Press. pp 13-14
  4. Kirsch, J.P. (1910). St. Hedwig. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Besoek September 12, 2008 by: http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/07189a.htm

Eksterne skakels

Wikisource
Wikisource
Die Engelse Wikisource bevat bronmateriaal oor hierdie onderwerp onder die titel:
  • BBKL Inskrywing (met Literatuurverwysings) in die Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (Duits)
  • PTA Inskrywing in "Popes through the Ages" deur J. Brusher S.J. (Engels)


Nota

Saamgestel en vertaal uit die Nederlandse, Engelse, Duitse en Franse wikipedia en aangevul uit ander bronne soos aangedui.

Opvolging

Voorafgegaan deur
Urbanus IV
Pous (Pontifex Maximus)
12651268
Opgevolg deur
Gregorius X

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