Täysi-ikäisyys

Täysi-ikäisyyden ikäraja maittain:
  21
  20
  19
  18
  17
  16

Täysi-ikäisyys on käsite, jolla tarkoitetaan ikää, jolloin ihmisyksilöstä tulee täysivaltainen yhteisön jäsen.

Täysi-ikäisyyden ikäraja on vaihdellut paljon monissa yhteiskunnissa. Monissa muinaisissa kulttuureissa ja keskiajan Euroopassa se on ollut nykyistä matalampi: miehillä 14–16 vuotta ja naisilla 12–15 vuottalähde?. Joissakin kulttuureissa täysi-ikäisyyden saavuttamiseen on liittynyt varsinkin miesten kohdalla aikuistumisriittejä.lähde?

Ikäraja Suomessa

Suomessa täysi-ikäisyyden raja on nykyään 18 vuotta.

Ikäraja oli 15 vuotta vuoteen 1721 saakka, jolloin se nostettiin 21 vuoteen.[1] Täysi-ikäisyyden rajana oli vuosisatojen ajan 21 vuotta, kunnes 1.7.1969 alkaen jo 20-vuotiaat tulivat täysi-ikäisiksi.[2] Toisaalta tätä ikää nuorempana vanhempien, holhoojan tai presidentin luvalla avioliiton solmineet katsottiin myös täysi-ikäisiksi.[3]

Heinäkuun 1. päivästä 1976 alkaen ikäraja on ollut 18 vuotta.[4][2] Säännös 18 vuoden ikärajasta sisältyy nykyään muun muassa lakiin holhoustoimesta,[4][5] äänioikeuden osalta vaalilakiin,[6] ja avioliiton osalta avioliittolakiin.[7]

Ikä maittain

Vuoteen 15 asti

  •  Saudi-Arabia [8] - ikäryhmä perustuu murrosiän fyysisiin merkkeihin, kun yläraja on 15-vuotiaana.
  •  Iran[9] - 9 kuun vuotta (vain naispuoliset), 15 kuun vuotta (vain miespuoliset)

15 vuotta

16 vuotta

17 vuotta

18 vuotta

19 vuotta

20 vuotta

21 vuotta

Katso myös

Lähteet

  1. Otavan iso tietosanakirja, osa I. (Hakusana alaikäisyys) Helsinki: Otava, 1960.
  2. a b Mahkonen, Sami: Lapsen korvausvastuu, s. 45, alaviite 14. Helsinki: Edita, 2010. ISBN 978-951-37-5656-7
  3. Mihin perustuu täysi-ikäisyys 18 vuotta? Kysy.fi. Arkistoitu 22.10.2020. Viitattu 4.6.2017.
  4. a b Mira Oksanen: Äänioikeuden ja demokratian haasteet Suomessa, s. 30. (Pro gradu -tutkielma) Jyväskylän yliopisto, 2009. Teoksen verkkoversio (viitattu 10.7.2010).
  5. Laki holhoustoimesta (1.4.1999/442) 2 § finlex.fi. Arkistoitu 12.2.2010. Viitattu 10.7.2010.
  6. Vaalilaki 2.10.1998/714 finlex.fi. Arkistoitu 6.11.2009. Viitattu 10.7.2010.
  7. Avioliittolaki (13.6.1929/234) 4 § finlex.fi. (16.4.1987/411). Arkistoitu 7.10.2015. Viitattu 10.7.2010.
  8. Adults Before Their Time: Children in Saudi Arabia’s Criminal Justice System March 2008. Human Rights Watch. Arkistoitu 16 helmikuu 2022. Viitattu 18 January 2017.
  9. Iran Youth policy. Arkistoitu 23.4.2022. Viitattu 25.6.2018..
  10. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/indonesia/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  11. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/myanmar/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  12. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/yemen/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  13. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/cambodia/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  14. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/cuba/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  15. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/kyrgyzstan/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  16. http://www.thanhniennews.com/education-youth/vietnamese-lawmakers-vote-to-keep-age-of-majority-at-16-60924.html (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  17. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/north-korea/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  18. http://www.youthpolicy.org/factsheets/country/timor-leste/ (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  19. [1] (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Civil Code of the Republic of Albania
  20. Code Annotated asbar.org. Viitattu 28 July 2015.
  21. Interpol report on Andorra law interpol.int. 29.2.2008. Arkistoitu 29.2.2008. Viitattu 25.6.2018.
  22. http://laws.gov.ag/acts/chapters/cap-11.pdf (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  23. http://www.saij.gob.ar/docs-f/codigo/Codigo_Civil_y_Comercial_de_la_Nacion.pdf
  24. http://biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Angola_ang_010116.pdf
  25. Children’s Rights: Australia U.S. Library of congress.
  26. http://www.youthpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/library/Austria_2001_Civil_Code_Excerpt.pdf (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  27. http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20010927025050/http://www.interpol.int/Public/Children/SexualAbuse/NationalLaws/csaBarbados.asp
  28. Belize: Minimum age at which an individual is legally entitled to vote; consume alcohol; engage in sexual activity; obtain a passport without parental consent; leave the country without parental consent; contract marriage without parental consent; age at which individuals become eligible for conscription; punishment for statutory rape (1997-2000) 20 March 2002. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Viitattu 14 June 2018. (englanti)
  29. Minor loc.gov. Viitattu 23 August 2014.
  30. Children's Rights: China Library of Congress. Viitattu 18.11.2013.
  31. http://obcanskyzakonik.justice.cz/images/pdf/Civil-Code.pdf
  32. Code for the Protection of the Rights of Children and Adolescents (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  33. http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/120441/Egypt/Politics-/Egyptian-cabinet-approves-amendment-to-lower-age-o.aspx
  34. El Salvador state.gov. 23 Feb 2000. Viitattu 1 June 2017.
  35. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?idArticle=LEGIARTI000006427142&idSectionTA=LEGISCTA000006136228&cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006070721&dateTexte=20131204
  36. Greek Civil Code MinistryOfJustice.gr. Arkistoitu 13.10.2014. Viitattu 25.6.2018.
  37. Archived copy fosigrid.org. Arkistoitu 8 tammikuu 2016. Viitattu 21.12.2014. Guinea-Bissau
  38. http://www.legislation.gov.hk/blis_pdf.nsf/6799165D2FEE3FA94825755E0033E532/98EF59AFAC7965F9482575EF00048ABE/$FILE/CAP_410_e_b5.pdf
  39. Iraqi Civil Law: Its Sources, Substance, and Sundering
  40. Age of Majority Act, 1985 Irish Statute Book. Oireachtas. Viitattu 3 August 2010.
  41. article 17 of the Civil Code
  42. http://biblioteka.sejm.gov.pl/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Kenia_ang_010117.pdf
  43. http://www.youthpolicy.org/wp-content/uploads/library/1974_Kenya_Age_of_Majority_Act_Eng.pdf (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  44. Age of Majority Act 1971 22 April 1971. The Commissioner of Law Revision, Malaysia. Viitattu 23 April 2018.
  45. Archived copy info4.juridicas.unam.mx. Arkistoitu 4 maaliskuu 2016. Viitattu 29.7.2014.
  46. http://www.dutchcivillaw.com/civilcodebook01.htm
  47. http://www.youthpolicy.org/library/wp-content/uploads/library/1993_Child_Rights_State_Periodic_Eng.pdf (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive)
  48. [2] (Arkistoitu – Internet Archive) Amendment in the majority act
  49. 21 PNC § 105
  50. Republic Act No. 6809, 13 December 1989, Chan Robles Law library
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  69. Age of Majority Minors.uslegal.com. Viitattu 16 February 2012.
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  73. Section 26-1-1 — :: Chapter 1 – GENERAL PROVISIONS. :: Title 26 – INFANTS AND INCOMPETENTS. :: 2006 Alabama Code :: Alabama Code :: US Codes and Statutes :: US Law :: Justia 22 July 1975. Law.justia.com. Viitattu 29 September 2011.
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