List of translations of The Lord of the Rings

J. R. R. Tolkien's fantasy novel The Lord of the Rings has been translated, with varying degrees of success, many times since its publication in 1954–55. Known translations are listed here; the exact number is hard to determine, for example because the European and Brazilian dialects of Portuguese are sometimes counted separately, as are the Nynorsk and Bokmål forms of Norwegian, and the Traditional and Simplified Chinese forms of that language.

Elrond's Library, as of its last updating in 2019, explicitly lists 87 translations in 57 languages.[1] The Tolkien Gateway has a list of translations without details.[2] Many separate collectors have sites that highlight their personal collections with more detail. Some of the more extensive sites include Elrond's Library,[3] The Lord of the Rings in Translation,[4] Impressions of Books by J.R.R. Tolkien Published in Japan,[5] and the Tolkieniano Collection (in Italian).[6] Editions of all the translations in this list can be found illustrated in one or more of these collections.

The book Толкин Русскими Глазами (Tolkin Russkimi Glazami, "Tolkien Through Russian Eyes") contains a detailed listing and history of the multiple Russian translations.[7] Tolkien became personally involved with the Swedish translation, which he much disliked;[8][9][10] he eventually produced his "Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings" in response.[11]

The linguist Thomas Honegger has edited two books on the challenges of translating Tolkien: Tolkien in Translation and Translating Tolkien: Text and Film. The first volume looks at the theoretical problem, and then analyses translations into Esperanto, French, Norwegian, Russian, and Spanish to see how translators have coped with the issues discussed.[12][13] The second volume looks at translation into Dutch, German, Hebrew, and Swedish, and analyses particularly complex issues such as translating Tolkien's constructed languages.[14][15]

Translations

Language Title Year Translator Publisher ISBN
Afrikaans Die Heerser Van Die Ringe 2018 to 2020 Janie Oosthuysen (1), Kobus Geldenhuys (2, 3) Protea Boekhuis, Pretoria 978-1-4853-0975-8, 978-1-4853-0976-5, 978-1-4853-0977-2
Albanian Lordi i unazave, republished as Kryezoti i unazave 2004 to 2006 Ilir I. Baçi (part 1), Artan Miraka (2 and 3) Dudaj, Tirana 99927-50-96-0 99943-33-11-9 99943-33-58-5
Arabic سيد الخواتم، رفقة الخاتم، خروج الخاتمSayyid al-Khawātim, Rafīqat al-Khātim, Khurūj al-Khātim 2007 Amr Khairy Malamih, Cairo 978-977-6262-03-4, only The Fellowship of the Ring, Book I
Arabic سيد الخواتم Sayyid al-Khawātim 2009 Farajallah Sayyid Muhammad Nahdet Misr, Cairo 977-14-4114-0, 977-14-1134-9, 977-14-1127-6
Armenian Պահապաննէրը Pahapannērë 1989 Emma Makarian Arevnik, Yerevan Only The Fellowship of the Ring, no ISBN
Asturian El Señor de los Aniellos 2020-2024 Nicolás Bardio Ediciones Trabe 978-84-18286-34-6, 978-84-19358-02-8, 978-84-19358-93-6
Azerbaijani Üzüklərin Hökmdarı 2020 to 2021 Samir Bulut Qanun Nəşriyyatı 978-9-9523-6832-1, 978-9952-38-002-6 (I, III only, II has no ISBN)
Basque Eraztunen Jauna 2002 to 2003 Agustin Otsoa Eribeko Txalaparta, Tafalla 84-8136-258-1
Belarusian Уладар пярсьцёнкаў: Зьвяз пярсьцёнка, Дзьве вежы, Вяртаньне караля Uladar pyars'tsyonkaŭ: Z'vyaz Pyars'tsyonka, Dz've vezhy, Vyartan'ne karalya 2008 to 2009 Дзьмітрый Магілеўцаў and Крысьціна Курчанкова (Dźmitry Mahileŭcaŭ and Kryścina Kurčankova) Minsk 978-985-4921-24-3[16]
Belarusian Валадар пярсцёнкаў: Брацтва Пярсцёнка Valadar piarścionkaŭ 2023-2024 Ihar Kulikou Andrei Yanushkevich Publishing, Warsaw 978-83-969297-6-1, 978-83-68202-07-6 (I & II only)
Bengali (Bangladesh) দি লর্ড অফ দ্য রিংস Di larḍa apha dya rinsa (I only) 2020 Moheul Islam Mithu Aishwarya Prakash The ISBN printed in the book is improperly formatted, 978-91288-3-X
Bengali (India) সর্বাধিপতি আংটি Sarbādhipati āṇṭi (I, II only) 2012 to 2013 Aniruddha Cinnamon Teal Publishing 978-93-81542-61-3, 978-93-80151-76-2
Bulgarian Властелинът на пръстените Vlastelinăt na prăstenite 1990 to 1991 Lyubomir Nikolov Narodna Kultura Sofia —
Catalan El Senyor dels Anells 1986 to 1988 Francesc Parcerisas Vicens Vives, Barcelona 84-316-6868-7
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒; mojie ("The Magic Ring")[17] 2001 Book One – Book Two: Ding Di (丁棣); Book Three – Book Four: Yao Jing-rong (姚锦镕); Book Five – Book Six: Tang Ding-jiu (汤定九) Yilin Press (译林出版社), Nanjing 7-80657-267-8
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2001, rev. 2012 Zhu Xueheng, rev. Deng Jiawan[17] Shanghai Translation Publishing House, Shanghai 978-7-5327-9321-1
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2013 Deng Jiawan / 邓嘉宛 (story), Shi Zhongge / 石中歌 (preface, prologue, appendix, and checking), Du Yunci / 杜蕴慈 (poems) Wenjing, ISBN licensing by Shanghai People's Press[17] 9787208113039
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2024 Tian Weihua Zhejiang People's Publishing House, Hangzhou 978-7-213-11320-8
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2024 Wang Jinhua Democracy and Construction Press, Beijing 978-7-5139-4574-5
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2024 Yan Yong (Fellowship of the Ring); Xin Hongjuan (Two Towers); Lu Danjun (Return of the King) People's Literature Publishing House, Beijing 978-7-02-018431-6
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2024 Liu Guowei (Fellowship of the Ring); Shan Nana (Two Towers, Return of the King) Xi'an Publishing House, Xi'an 978-7-5541-7313-8
Chinese (Simplified) 魔戒 2024 Long Fei Jiangxi University Press 978-7-5762-4428-1
Chinese (Traditional) 魔戒 2001 to 2002 Lucifer Chu (朱學恆)[18] Linking Publishing, Taipei 957-08-2336-4, 957-08-2337-2, 957-08-2338-0
Chinese (Traditional) 魔戒 2024 Li Han Shuangxi Publishing, Taipei 978-626-97933-5-8, 978-626-97933-6-5, 978-626-97933-7-2
Croatian Gospodar prstenova 1995 Zlatko Crnković Algoritam 953-6166-05-4
Croatian Gospodar Prstenova 2018 Marko Maras Lumen 978-953-342-154-4, 978-953-342-155-1, 978-953-342-156-8
Czech Pán prstenů 1990 to 1992 Stanislava Pošustová(-Menšíková) Mladá fronta, Prague 80-204-0105-9, 80-204-0194-6, 80-204-0259-4
Danish Ringenes Herre 1968 to 1972 Ida Nyrop Ludvigsen[19] Gyldendal, Copenhagen 978-87-02-04320-4
Dutch In de Ban van de Ring 1957 Max Schuchart Het Spectrum, Utrecht —
Esperanto La Mastro de l' Ringoj 1995 to 1997, 2nd ed. 2007 William Auld Sezonoj, Yekaterinburg, Kaliningrad 5745004576, 9785745004575
Estonian Sõrmuste Isand 1996 to 1998 Ene Aru and Votele Viidemann Tiritamm, Tallinn 9985-55-039-0, 9985-55-046-3, 9985-55-049-8
Faroese Ringanna Harri 2003 to 2005 Axel Tórgarð Stiðin, Hoyvík 99918-42-33-0, 99918-42-34-9, 99918-42-38-1
Finnish Taru sormusten herrasta 1973 to 1975 Kersti Juva, Eila Pennanen, Panu Pekkanen — —
French Le Seigneur des anneaux 1972 to 1973 Francis Ledoux Christian Bourgois 9782266201728
French Le Seigneur des anneaux 2014 to 2016 Daniel Lauzon Christian Bourgois 9782267027006
Frisian Master fan alle ringen 2011 to 2016 Liuwe Westra Frysk en Frij and Elikser, Leeuwarden 978-90-8566-022-4, 978-90-825871-0-4 (I & II only)
Galician O Señor dos Aneis 2001 to 2002 Moisés R. Barcia Xerais, Vigo 84-8302-682-1
Georgian ბეჭდების მბრძანებელი: ბეჭდის საძმო, ორი ციხე–კოშკი, მეფის დაბრუნება Bech'debis Mbrdzanebeli: Bech'dis Sadzmo, Ori Tsikhe-k'oshki, Mepis Dabruneba 2009 to 2011 Nika Samushia (prose and poems) and Tsitso Khotsuashvili (poems in The Fellowship of the Ring) Gia Karchkhadze Publishing, Tbilisi 978-99940-34-04-8, 978-99940-34-13-0, 978-99940-34-14-7
German Der Herr der Ringe 1969 to 1970 Margaret Carroux and Ebba-Margareta von Freymann [de] (poems) Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 978-3-608-93666-7
German Der Herr der Ringe 2000 Wolfgang Krege Klett-Cotta, Stuttgart 978-3-608-93639-1
Greek Ο Άρχοντας των Δαχτυλιδιών O Archontas ton Dachtylidion 1978 Eugenia Chatzithanasi-Kollia Kedros, Athens 960-04-0308-2
Hebrew שר הטבעות Sar ha-Tabbaot 1979 to 1980 Ruth Livnit Zmora-Bitan, Tel Aviv —
Hungarian A Gyűrűk Ura 1981 Chapters 1-11: Ádám Réz
Rest: Árpád Göncz and Dezső Tandori (poems)		 Gondolat Könyvkiadó (1981)
Európa Könyvkiadó (since 1990), Budapest		 First: 963-280-963-7, 963-280-964-5, 963-280-965-3
2008 reworked: 978-963-07-8646-1[20]
Icelandic Hringadróttinssaga 1993 to 1995, 2nd ed. 2003 Þorsteinn Thorarensen and Geir Kristjánsson (poems) Fjölvi, Reykjavík 9979-58-364-9, 9979-58-366-5, 9979-58-365-7
Indonesian The Lord of the Rings 2002 to 2003 Gita K. Yuliani Gramedia, Jakarta 9796866935, 9792200355, 979220556-X
Italian Il Signore degli Anelli 1967 to 1970 Vittoria Alliata di Villafranca Bompiani, Milan 9788845210273
Italian Il Signore degli Anelli 2020 to 2021 Ottavio Fatica Bompiani 978-88-452-9919-3, 978-88-301-0271-2, 978-88-301-0272-9
Japanese Yubiwa Monogatari (指輪物語, lit. "The tale of the Ring(s)") 1972 to 1975 Teiji Seta (瀬田貞二) and Akiko Tanaka (田中明子) Hyouronsha [ja](評論社), Tokyo 978-4-566-02350-5, 978-4-566-02351-2, 978-4-566-02352-9
Korean 반지 이야기 (Banji iyagi), (reprinted as 완역 반지제왕 (Wanyeok Banjijewang)) 1988 to 1992 강영운 (Kang Yeong-un) Dongsuh Press, Seoul —
Korean 반지전쟁 (Banjijeonjaeng), (reprinted as 반지의 제왕 (Banjieui Jewang)) 1990 김번, 김보원, 이미애 (Kim Beon, Kim Bo-won, Yee Mi-ae) Doseochulpan Yemun, Seoul 8986834200, 8986834219, 8986834227
Korean 마술반지 (Masulbanji) 1992 to 1994 이동진 (Lee Dong-jin) Pauline (Baorottal), Seoul Only The Fellowship of the Ring and The Two Towers. 8933103422 (I)
Korean 반지의 제왕 (Banjieui Jewang) 2001 한기찬 (Han Ki-chan) 황금가지 (Hwanggeum Gaji), Seoul 6 volumes. 8982732888, 8982732896, 898273290X, 8982732918, 8982732926, 8982732934, 898273287X (set)
Latvian Gredzenu Pavēlnieks 2002 to 2004 Ieva Kolmane Jumava, Riga 9984-05-579-5, 9984-05-626-0, 9984-05-861-1
Lithuanian Žiedų valdovas 1994 Andrius Tapinas and Jonas Strielkūnas Alma littera, Vilnius 9986-02-038-7, 9986-02-487-0, 9986-02-959-7
Macedonian Господарот на прстените Gospodarot na prstenite 2002 Ofelija Kaviloska & Romeo Širilov AEA, Misla, Skopje 9989-39-170-X, 9989-39-173-4, 9989-39-176-9
Marathi स्वामी मुद्रिकांचा Swami Mudrikancha (I, II, III) 2015 Mugdha Karnik Diamond Publications, Pune 978-8184836219
Mongolian Бөгжний Эзэн, Bögjnii Ezen 2009 Ukhnaagiin Nyamsuren (translated from Russian) Khökh Devter 9789996221255
Mongolian ᠪᠥᠭᠵᠨᠢᠢ ᠡᠽᠡᠨ, Bögjnii Ezen 2014 Wuyunqimuge Inner Mongolian Education Press 978-7-5311-8881-0, 978-7-5311-8893-3, 978-7-5311-8900-8
Mongolian Бөгжний Эзэн, Bögjnii Ezen (I only) 2024 B. Amarbayasgalan Monsudar 978-9919-28-115-1
Norwegian (Bokmål) Krigen om ringen 1973 to 1975 Nils Werenskiold Tiden Norsk Forlag 82-10-00816-1, 82-10-00930-3, 82-10-01096-4
Norwegian (Bokmål) Ringenes herre 1980 to 1981 Torstein Bugge Høverstad Tiden Norsk Forlag 978-82-10-04449-6
Norwegian (Nynorsk) Ringdrotten 2006 Eilev Groven Myhren Tiden Norsk Forlag, Oslo 82-05-36559-8
Persian ارباب حلقه‌ها Arbāb-e Halqehā 2002 to 2004 Riza Alizadih Rawzanih, Tehran 964-334-116-X, 964-334-139-9, 964-334-173-9
Polish Władca Pierścieni 1961 to 1963 Maria Skibniewska (poems by Włodzimierz Lewik and Andrzej Nowicki) Czytelnik, Warsaw —
Polish Władca Pierścieni 1996 to 1997 Jerzy Łozinski and Marek Obarski (poems) Zysk i S-ka, Poznań 8371502419, 8371502427, 8371502435
Polish Władca Pierścieni 2001 Books I – IV: Maria and Cezary Frąc; Book V: Aleksandra Januszewska; Book VI: Aleksandra Jagiełowicz; Poems: Tadeusz A. Olszański; Appendices: Ryszard Derdziński Amber, Warszawa 8372457018, 8324132872, 978-83-241-4424-2
Portuguese (BRA) O Senhor dos Anéis 1974 to 1979 António Rocha and Alberto Monjardim (unauthorized) Publicações Europa-América 978-972-1-04102-8, 978-972-1-04144-8, 978-972-1-04154-7
Portuguese (BRA) O Senhor dos Anéis 1994 Lenita Maria Rimoli Esteves and Almiro Pisetta Martins Fontes 978-85-3360-292-2, 978-85-3360-314-1, 978-85-3360-315-8
Portuguese (BRA) O Senhor dos Anéis 2000 Ronald Eduard Kyrmse Martins Fontes 85-336-1340-7
Portuguese (POR) O Senhor dos Anéis 1977 Fernanda Pinto Rodrigues Publicações Europa-América 972-1-04144-0, 972-1-04154-8, 972-1-04102-5
Portuguese (POR) O Senhor dos Anéis 2020 Catarina Ferreira de Almeida Planeta 978-989-777-392-1, 978-989-777-470-6, 978-989-777-548-2
Romanian Stăpînul Inelelor
Stăpânul Inelelor		 1999 to 2001 Irina Horea, Gabriela Nedelea, Ion Horea Editorial Group Rao 978-606-609-367-5, 978-606-609-366-8, 978-606-609-365-1
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 1976 (publ. 2002) A. A. Gruzberg; A. V. Zastyrets (poems) U-Faktoriya, Yekaterinburg 5-94799-164-0
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 1982 to 1992 V. S. Muravyov (2nd to 6th books, poems), A. A. Kistyakovsky (first book) Raduga, Moscow 5-05-002255-X, 5-05-002397-1, 5-05-004017-5
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 1984 (publ. 1991) H. V. Grigoryeva and V. I. Grushetskij and I. B. Grinshpun (poems) Severo-Zapad 5-7183-0003-8, 5-352-00312-4 (Azbuka)
Russian Властители Колец vlastiteli kolets 1990 Z.A. Bobyr' Molodaya Gvardyr 5235019466, 5235019458 (Condensed translation from 1966 with Hobbit & I in first volume and II & III in second volume)
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 1991 V.A.M. (Valeriya Aleksandrovna Matorina) Amur, Khabarovsk —
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 1994 Mariya Kamenkovich and Valerij Karrik Terra-Azbuka, St. Petersburg 5-300-00027-2, 5-300-00026-4
Russian Властелин колец Vlastelin kolets 2002 V. Volkovskij, V. Vosedov, D. Afinogenova AST, Moscow 5-17-016265-0
Russian Властелин Колец Vlastelin kolets 2002 Alina V. Nemirova AST, Kharkiv 5-17-009975-4, 5-17-008954-6, 966-03-1122-2 (Folio)
Serbian Господар Прстенова Gospodar Prstenova 1981[21] Zoran Stanojević Nolit, Belgrade —
Sinhala මුදු වල අධිපතියා Mudu vala adhipatiyā (I in two parts, II) 2018 to 2019 (I), 2023 (II) Kaveesha Nadun Kaggodaarachchi and Upekha Draupadhi Rajapaksha (I), Upekha Draupadhi Rajapaksha (II) Muses Books 978-955-37-2703-9 (Ia), 978-955-37-2708-4 (Ib), 978-624-5579-65-5 (II)
Slovak Pán prsteňov 2001 to 2002 Otakar Kořínek and Braňo Varsik Vydavatelstvo Slovart, Bratislava 8071456063, 8071456071, 807145608-X
Slovenian Gospodar prstanov 1995 Polona Mertelj, Primož Pečovnik, Zoran Obradovič Gnosis-Quarto, Ljubljana
Slovenian Gospodar prstanov 2001 Branko Gradišnik Mladinska knjiga, Ljubljana 8611162447, 8611163001, 861116301-X
Slovenian Gospodar prstanov 2023 Sergej Hvala Mladinska knjiga 978-961-016-906-2, 978-961-016-907-9, 978-961-016-908-6
Spanish El Señor de los Anillos 1977 to 1980 Luis Domènech (Francisco Porrúa) and Matilde Horne Minotauro Buenos Aires 84-450-7032-0 (Minotauro)
Swedish Härskarringen (also known as Sagan om Ringen) 1959 to 1961 Åke Ohlmarks Almqvist & Wiksell, Stockholm 978-91-1-300998-8
Swedish Ringarnas herre 2004 to 2005 Erik Andersson[22] and Lotta Olsson (poems) Norstedts förlag 91-1-301153-7
Thai ลอร์ดออฟเดอะริงส์ Lord oof doe rings 2001 to 2002 Wanlee Shuenyong Amarin, Bangkok 974-7597-54-3
Turkish Yüzüklerin Efendisi 1996 to 1998 Çiğdem Erkal İpek, Bülent Somay (poems) Metis, Istanbul 975-342-347-0
Ukrainian Володар Перснів Volodar Persniv 2002 Oleksandr Mokrovolskyi Школа (Shkola) 966-661-063-9 966-661-064-7 966-661-081-7
Ukrainian Володар Перснів Volodar Persniv 2003 Alina V. Nemirova[23] Фоліо (Folio) 966-03-1915-0 966-03-1916-9 966-03-1917-7
Ukrainian Володар Перстенів Volodar Persteniv 2004 to 2005 Olena Feshovets, Nazar Fedorak (poems) Astrolabia, Lviv 966-8657-18-7
Ukrainian Володар перснів Volodar persniv 2013 Kateryna Onishchuk-Mikhalitsyna, Nazar Fedorak (poems) Astrolabia, Lviv 978-617-664-022-6, 978-617-664-023-3, 978-617-664-024-0
Uzbek Uzuklar Hukmdori (I only) 2019 Shokir Zokirovich Dolimov
(from the Russian translation of V. S. Muravev and A. A. Kistyakovskij) 		Ilm-ziyo-zakovat 978-9943-6033-0-1
Vietnamese Chúa tể những chiếc Nhẫn 2013 to 2014 (Prose) Nguyễn Thị Thu Yến (f), Đặng Trần Việt (m); Tâm Thuỷ (f); (Poetry) An Lý (f) Nhã Nam, Hanoi —
Yiddish דער האַר פֿון די פֿינגערלעך Der Har fun di Fingerlekh 2016 Barry Goldstein — 978-1500410223, 978-1512129038, 978-1517654474

References

  1. ^ Elrond's Library
  2. ^ Translations. Tolkien Gateway.
  3. ^ Elrond's Library
  4. ^ The Lord of the Rings in Translation
  5. ^ Impressions of Books by J.R.R. Tolkien Published in Japan
  6. ^ Tolkieniano Collection
  7. ^ Tolkien Through Russian Eyes, Толкин Русскими Глазами (Cormarë Series 5, Walking Tree Publishers, 2003, ISBN: 3-9521424-7-6)
  8. ^ Brown, Sara (15 October 2012). "Reviews [Tolkien in Translation]". Mythlore. 31 (1). Article 10. Tolkien's dislike for both Ohlmarks and his translation is made clear in his Letter #228
  9. ^ Carpenter 2023, #228 to Allen & Unwin, 24 January 1961: "Ohlmarks is a very vain man (as I discovered in our correspondence), preferring his own fancy to facts, and very ready to pretend to knowledge which he does not possess."
  10. ^ Carpenter 2023, #229 to Allen & Unwin, 23 February 1961: "I now enclose a copy and version of Ohlmarks' nonsense [about Tolkien]. In the hope that you may think it justifies my annoyance. I have not looked at his second outburst. I feel I cannot just now take any more."
  11. ^ Hammond & Scull 2005, pp. 760, 774.
  12. ^ Honegger, Thomas. "Tolkien in Translation". Walking Tree Publishers. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  13. ^ Honegger, Thomas; Segura, Eduardo (2011). Tolkien in Translation. Cormarë series. Vol. 4. Zurich: Walking Tree Publishers. ISBN 978-3-9521424-6-2.
  14. ^ Honegger, Thomas. "Translating Tolkien: Text and Film". Walking Tree Publishers. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  15. ^ Honegger, Thomas (2011) [2004]. Translating Tolkien: Text and Film. Cormarë series. Vol. 6. Walking Tree Publishers. ISBN 978-3-9521424-9-3.
  16. ^ Уладар Пярсьцёнкаў: Зьвяз Пярсьцёнка (Uladar Pyarstsyonka: Zvyaz Pyarstsyonka) [The Lord of the Rings: The Union [aka Fellowship] of the Rings] (in Belarusian). Minsk: private, 500 copies. 2008.
  17. ^ a b c Reinders, Eric (2024). Reading Tolkien in Chinese: Religion, Fantasy, and Translation. Perspectives on Fantasy series. London: Bloomsbury Academic. pp. 26–30. ISBN 9781350374645.
  18. ^ Turning fantasy into a reality that helps others Gavin Phipps, Taipei Times, 6 March 2005, p. 18.
  19. ^ a special edition of 1977 included illustrations by Queen Margrethe II of Denmark, working under the pseudonym of Ingahild Grathmer.
  20. ^ The terminology was reworked and several mistakes corrected. For example, the original Hungarian translation left unclear whether Éowyn or Merry killed the Witch-king which caused confusion when the movie version was released.
  21. ^ "COBISS/OPAC | Грешка". Vbs.rs. Retrieved 19 June 2013.[permanent dead link‍]
  22. ^ published Översättarens anmärkningar "translator's notes" in 2007 (978-91-1-301609-2)
  23. ^ Unlicensed edition, translated from Alina Nemirova's Russian translation (2002, AST Publisher), in Maksym Strikha. Ukrainskyi khudozhniy pereklad: mizh literaturoyu i natsiyetvorennyam. Kyiv: Fakt, 2006. p. 305.

Sources

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Pour l’article ayant un titre homophone, voir Léon. Léhon Mairie de Léhon. Blason Administration Pays France Région Bretagne Département Côtes-d'Armor Arrondissement Dinan Intercommunalité Dinan Agglomération Statut Commune déléguée Maire délégué René Degrenne Code postal 22100 Code commune 22123 Démographie Gentilé Léhonnais, Léhonnaise Population 3 072 hab. (2015 ) Densité 649 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 48° 26′ 33″ nord, 2°&#...

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Argument against assuming the existence of God Part of a series onAtheism Concepts Implicit and explicit atheism Naturalism Negative and positive atheism History History of atheism Atheism during the Age of Enlightenment New Atheism Society Atheist feminism Criticism of religion Demographics of atheism Discrimination against atheists Secular ethics Secularism Separation of church and state State atheism ArgumentsArguments for atheism Atheist's wager Creator of God Evil God challenge Fate of t...

 

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SS Rotterdam (1908)

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Historical naval raid against Constantinople by the Kievan Rus' This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Rus'–Byzantine War (1043)Date1043LocationConstantinople, Byzantine EmpireResult Byzantine victory[1]Belligerents Byzantine Empire Kievan Rus'Casualties and losses Unknown 5,000+ k...