La lista raccoglie i ponti di origine romana conosciuti, i cui resti sono ancora conservati. Si basa principalmente sull'elenco fornito dal libro Roman Bridges, dell'ingegnere statunitense Colin O'Connor, il quale comprende 330 ponti in pietra, 34 ponti in legname e 54 ponti di acquedotti[1]. Esiste inoltre una lista di più di 900 ponti romani[2] pubblicata da Vittorio Galliazzo nel 1995.
La lista raccoglie strutture che abbiano conservato archi, piloni o fondamenta di epoca romana, oppure rifatte sullo stesso luogo con materiali di reimpiego dal precedente ponte romano, o per le quali si conosce dalle iscrizioni l'esistenza di un ponte romano ora scomparso; si tratta di ponti veri e propri, di viadotti e di frangicorrente (o rostri).
Trattandosi di strutture particolarmente soggette agli eventi naturali o bellici, e sottoposte quando in uso ad una continua attività di manutenzione, la maggior parte dei ponti della lista comprendono modifiche, parti sostituite o estensioni anche di epoca medievale e moderna.
Ponti in muratura
In questa sezione sono elencati i ponti costruiti in blocchi di pietra (opera quadrata) o in laterizio (mattoni, opera laterizia). La maggior parte di essi è costituita da arcate, sebbene fosse conosciuta anche in epoca romana la tecnica di superare i vuoti attraverso grandi lastre di pietra poggiate sui piloni.
L'estensione delle campate e l'altezza della struttura permettono di distinguere tra ponti piccoli (P), medi (M) e grandi (G).
Detto così per la vicinanza all'omonima grotta, è il meglio conservato della Val Ponci e presenta anche parte del muro di contenimento della strada originale.
Detto così per il torrentello che scendeva da Bric' Vose. Particolare per la sua altezza, si può notare nelle immediate vicinanze il basamento di una probabile struttura di guardia.
Eretto originariamente nel 187 a.C., rimase in secca nel 1177 e fu interrato negli anni seguenti; fu rinvenuto nel 1966 durante i lavori di risezionamento di strada Mazzini e riportato alla luce tramite la realizzazione di un sottopassaggio pedonale[17]
Ponte a due campate di cui rimangono i ruderi del pilone centrale e della spalla sinistra lato comune di Bolognano. Il ponte è nominato in un documento dell'anno 1006 del Chronicon Casauriense.
Ponti interamente in legno o in legno su piloni in muratura
I ponti potevano essere fatti anche interamente in legno, oppure con arcate in legno sopra piloni in calcestruzzo, rivestito in pietra. Nella lista che segue entrambi i tipi sono catalogati in ordine cronologico. Spesso ponti originariamente in legno vennero successivamente sostituiti da ponti in muratura.
Come alternativa al traghetto da una sponda all'altra del fiume i Romani costruirono anche ponti di barche e/o pontoni insieme a ponti fabbricati interamente in legno. Questi di solito consistevano in barche legate insieme con
la prua diretta verso la corrente. Questi ponti erano anche usati per il traffico di civili da una sponda all'altra.
La maggiore opera di ingegneria idraulica in Sicilia, distribuito su ponti, su muraglioni, a mezzacosta e in interro, trovava la sua fonte nell'attuale abitato di Santa Maria di Licodia.
^Rieti - Percorsi tra storia, ambiente e cultura, Terni, Fondazione Varrone - tipolitografia Visconti, maggio 2007, pagine 130-131.
^ Fabrizio Sciarretta, Salaria antica: il Ponte Sambuco, su salutepiu.info, 7 giugno 2013. URL consultato il 2 gennaio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 giugno 2017).
^abcLe Aque Marcia, Giulia e Tepula condividevano circa 9 km del loro ponte - acquedotto O'Connor, p.151
Bibliografia
Riferimento principale
(EN) Colin O'Connor, Roman Bridges, Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN0-521-39326-4.
Altri riferimenti
(DE) Sibylle Bauer, Die älteste Steinbrücke am Rhein – stand sie in Mainz? Neuer Holzfund als Indiz für einen frührömischen Brückenschlag, in Antike Welt, vol. 35, n. 3, 2004, pp. p.83-84.
Mathias Döring, Die römische Wasserleitung von Pondel (Aostatal), in Antike Welt, vol. 29, n. 2, 1998, pp. p.127-134.
(EN) Klaus Grewe, Özis Ünal, Die antiken Flußüberbauungen von Pergamon und Nysa (Türkei), in Antike Welt, vol. 25, n. 4, 1994, pp. p.348-352.
(EN) Frederick William Hasluck, A Roman Bridge on the Aesepus, in The Annual of the British School at Athens, vol. 12, 1905/06, pp. p.184-189.
(DE) Theodor Kissel, Stoll Oliver, Die Brücke bei Nimreh. Ein Zeugnis römischer Verkehrspolitik im Hauran, Syrien, in Antike Welt, vol. 31, n. 2, 2000, pp. p.109-125.
(DE) Theodor Wiegand, Reisen in Mysien, in Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung, vol. 29, 1904, pp. p.254-339 (300-301).
(DE) Wolfang W. Wurster, Ganzert Joachim, Eine Brücke bei Limyra in Lykien. Anhang: Reste einer Brücke oberhalb von Kemer am Oberlauf des Xanthos, in Archäologischer Anzeiger, Berlin, German Archaeological Institute, 1978, pp. p.304-307, ISSN 0003-8105 (WC · ACNP).
(ES) Fernández Casado, C., Historia del puente en España. Puentes Romanos, Madrid, Instituto Eduardo Torroja, 1980.
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