so often they will deviate from the standard, making a new dialect. In other cases, a dialect is created for use in a domain-specific language, often a...

A dialect is a variety of language spoken by a particular group of people. This may include dominant and standardized varieties as well as vernacular...

the northeast of the empire and gradually replaced the former Iranian dialects of Parthia (Parthian). Tajik Persian (форси́и тоҷикӣ́, forsi-i tojikī)...

communications and distributed computing. It introduces the concept of dialecting: small, optimized, domain-specific languages for code and data, which...

and the Lower Yangtze, are not mutually intelligible with the Beijing dialect. Nevertheless, Mandarin as a group is often placed first in lists of languages...

in Sarmiento speaks a Patagonian dialect. It evolved from the Dutch vernacular of South Holland (Hollandic dialect) spoken by the predominantly Dutch...

Definite clause grammar Extensible programming Language-oriented programming Dialecting Transformation language Manners Externalize Semantics for On-demand Composition...

non-standard dialect of Urdu which was typically not written. However, organisations seeking to preserve the dialect have begun transcribing the dialect in the...

coastal dialect of early Middle Tamil and separated from it sometime between the 9th and 13th centuries, although this medieval western dialect also preserved...

English. Old English developed from a set of Anglo-Frisian or Ingvaeonic dialects originally spoken by Germanic tribes traditionally known as the Angles...

Savonian dialects or North Karelian dialects Kainuu dialects Central Finland dialects Päijänne Tavastia dialects Keuruu-Evijärvi dialects Savonian dialects of...

Batticaloa Tamil dialect, Jaffna Tamil dialect, Negombo Tamil dialect in Sri Lanka; and Malaysian Tamil in Malaysia. The dialect of the district of Palakkad in...

Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of a language or dialect. The term particularly carries the perception of a language variety with lower...

(Shimaore), is closely related to Swahili and is sometimes considered a dialect of Swahili, although other authorities consider it a distinct language...

Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon language) is similar to the distance between different Occitan dialects, and Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan...

Dialects are linguistic varieties that may differ in pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, and other aspects of grammar. For the classification of varieties...

Portuguese is part of the Ibero-Romance group, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia and the County of Portugal...

Particular dialects of Old and Middle English also developed into other Anglic languages, including Scots and the extinct Fingallian and Yola dialects of Ireland...

synonyms and homonyms in expressions Dialecting – Whether is available in multiple natural languages or dialects Web standard – Whether is standardized...

A dialect continuum or dialect chain is a series of language varieties spoken across some geographical area such that neighboring varieties are mutually...

different scripts, but are linguistically similar and effectively form a dialect continuum. The Thai language is spoken by over 70 million people in Thailand...

Before 1859, this variant was often referred to in English as "the Canton dialect". However, "Cantonese" may also refer to the primary branch of Chinese...

Ndebele, called the Zunda languages. Zunda languages effectively form a dialect continuum of variously mutually intelligible varieties. Xhosa is, to a...

Canadian speakers of Irish in 1890. On the island of Newfoundland, a unique dialect of Irish developed before falling out of use in the early 20th century...

Azerbaijan and Russia) is based on the Shirvani dialect, while South Azerbaijani uses a variety of regional dialects. Since the Republic of Azerbaijan's independence...

Occitan dialects (such as the Gascon dialect) is similar to the distance among different Occitan dialects. Catalan was considered a dialect of Occitan...

macrolanguage, i.e., a group of mutually intelligible speech varieties, or dialect continuum, that have no traditional name in common, and which may be considered...

Hokkien dialects Dongshan dialect (東山腔; Tang-soaⁿ khioⁿ) Yunxiao dialect (雲霄腔; Ûn-sio khioⁿ) Zhangpu dialect (漳浦腔; Chiuⁿ-phó͘ khioⁿ) Zhao'an dialect (詔安腔;...

Macedo-Bulgarian), it is a member of the Balkan sprachbund and South Slavic dialect continuum of the Indo-European language family. The two languages have...

dialect and accent of the speaker. Standard Swedish, spoken by most Swedes, is the national language that evolved from the Central Swedish dialects in...

dialect of Ancient Greek consisting mainly of an archaic form of the Ionic dialect, with some Aeolic features, a few from the Arcadocypriot dialect,...

period, and the standardization of Czech and Slovak within the Czech–Slovak dialect continuum emerged in the early modern period. In the later 18th to mid-19th...

A standard language (or standard variety, standard dialect, standardized dialect or simply standard) is any language variety that has undergone substantial...

rarely Alemannish (Alemannisch, [alɛˈman(ː)ɪʃ] ), is a group of High German dialects. The name derives from the ancient Germanic tribal confederation known...

Manda. Proto-Telugu is the reconstructed linguistic ancestor of all the dialects and registers of Telugu. Russian linguist Mikhail S. Andronov, places the...

distinguishing a language from a dialect, scholars and other interested parties often disagree about whether Scots is a dialect of English or a separate language...

certain areas of Armenia and Azerbaijan. Kurdish varieties constitute a dialect continuum except for Zaza, with some mutually unintelligible varieties...

Teochew, also known as Swatow or Teo-Swa after its two best-known dialects, is a Southern Min language spoken by the Teochew people in the Chaoshan region...

some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and the Varhadi Marathi. Marathi was designated...

word of 2017. There are three dialects in Latvian: the Livonic dialect, High Latvian and the Central dialect. Latvian dialects and their varieties should...

The dialects (方言, hōgen) of the Japanese language fall into two primary clades, Eastern (including modern capital Tokyo) and Western (including old capital...

from Central Khmer to be considered separate dialects of Khmer. Outside of Cambodia, three distinct dialects are spoken by ethnic Khmers native to areas...

dormant Afroasiatic language. It is a group of closely related Egyptian dialects, representing the most recent developments of the Egyptian language, and...

(often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) Ukrainian Podlachian (often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) West Polesian (often seen as a dialect of Ukrainian) South...

Tanzania. It forms a dialect continuum with Sukuma, but is more distinct from it. Konongo and Ruwila are sometimes considered dialects. Prenasalized voiceless...

major varieties of Gujarati exist: a standard 'Hindu' dialect, a 'Parsi' dialect and a 'Muslim' dialect. However, Gujarati has undergone contemporary reclassification...

German dialects. In 2008, 45 percent of Bavarians claimed to use only dialect in everyday communication. Bavarian is generally considered to be a dialect of...

Cuba. The Ciboney dialect is essentially unattested, but colonial sources suggest that it was very similar to the Lucayan dialects of the Bahamas and...

community-based dialects are also prevalent, namely: Standard dialect influenced by surrounding centers. Bhakatiya dialect highly polite, a sattra-based dialect with...

especially in the Manila dialect. Intervocalic /ɡ/ and /k/ tend to become [ɰ], as in Spanish agua, especially in the Manila dialect. /ɾ/ and /d/ were once...

Kho'ini (alternatives: Xoini, Xo'ini, Khoeini, or Di) is a Tatic dialect or language spoken in northwestern Iran, and is one of many Western Iranian languages...

Chinese government defines all spoken Chinese varieties as merely diverse dialects of a single language, the frequent lack of mutual intelligibility, especially...

dialect Dabu dialect Fengshun dialect Hailu dialect Sixian dialect Raoping dialect Zhaoan dialect Changting dialect Ethnologue reports the dialects of...

Nogai and Kyrgyz. The two main dialects of Tatar are the Central Dialect (urta / qazan; most common), and the Western Dialect (könbatış / mişər). The literary...

for a long period, they could be considered dialects of a single language. At a minimum, transitional dialects existed until the 14th or 15th century and...

people, mainly in South Africa and Namibia, and evolving from Cape Dutch dialects. In South America, Dutch is the native language of the majority of the...

the centuries, being replaced in other areas by Alemannic and Bavarian dialects. The earliest writing identified as Romansh dates from the 10th or 11th...

standard Estonian evolved in the 18th and 19th centuries based on the dialects of northern Estonia. During the Medieval and Early Modern periods, Estonian...

Tibetic languages, which branch into more than 200 dialects, which could be grouped into eight dialect continua. These Tibetic languages are spoken in parts...

Northern dialect and [j] in the Central and Southern dialect) and r ([z] in the Northern dialect and [r] in the Central and Southern dialects). Thus, the...

In literature, eye dialect is the use of nonstandard spellings to indicate that a character speaks in a colloquial, dialectal, or uneducated way, often...

Koine Greek (ἡ κοινὴ διάλεκτος, hē koinḕ diálektos, lit. 'the common dialect'), also variously known as Hellenistic Greek, Biblical Greek, Septuagint...

recognition as one of New Zealand's official languages. There are regional dialects of the Māori language. Prior to contact with Europeans, Māori lacked a...

divergent dialect is the Upper Reka dialect, which is however classified as Central Gheg. There is also a diaspora dialect in Croatia, the Arbanasi dialect. Tosk...

traditional Dachsprache. It is also related to the Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken by the Transylvanian Saxons in Transylvania, contemporary central...

Eastern Punjabi, which have many dialects and forms, altogether spoken by over 150 million people. The Majhi dialect, which is transitional between the...

Sammarinese dialect is a dialect of Romagnol spoken in the Republic of San Marino by 83% of the inhabitants. It is considered an intermediate dialect between...

dialects of Senegal, Mali and the Sahel). The Ghanaian Hausa dialect (Gaananci), spoken in Ghana and Togo, is a distinct western native Hausa dialect-bloc...

is an Indo-Aryan macrolanguage of the Romani people. The largest Romani dialects are Vlax Romani (about 500,000 speakers), Balkan Romani (600,000), and...

a dialectal variety of Persian rather than a language in its own right. The question of whether Tajik and Persian should be considered two dialects of...

Ostyak (/ˈɒstjæk/), is a branch of the Ugric languages composed of multiple dialect continua. It is varyingly considered a language or a collection of distinct...

Iranian dialects and is a dialect of the Tati language of Iran spoken in Ashtian of Iran. It is sometimes considered a transitional dialect between the...

in his phonetic transcription of the dialect used in Pluméliau or Joseph Loth in his material about the dialect of Sauzon in Belle-Île) or because that...

Moselfränkisch; Luxembourgish: Muselfränkesch) is a West Central German dialect, part of the Central Franconian languages area, that includes Luxembourgish...

called dialects. A dialect may use any desired syntax, but it must be possible to demonstrate precisely how the concrete syntax of a dialect conforms...

Yola, more commonly and historically the Forth and Bargy dialect, is an extinct dialect of the Middle English language once spoken in the baronies of Forth...

Franco-Provençal has several distinct dialects and is separate from but closely related to neighbouring Romance dialects (the langues d'oïl and the langues...

farther west during the first millennium. They are characterized as a dialect continuum. Turkic languages are spoken by some 200 million people. The...

the Migration Period, while others hold that speakers of West Germanic dialects like Old Frankish and speakers of Gothic were already unable to communicate...

Look up dialect in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. A dialect is a variety of spoken or written language. Dialect(s) may also refer to: Dialect continuum...

Sindhi has a number of dialects and an established standard form, referred to as Standard Sindhi, which is based on the dialect of Hyderabad and the surrounding...

West. Sepedi refers to the dialect spoken by the Pedi people. Northern Sotho is the umbrella term for a group of related dialects. The two terms are often...

speakers; Low German, considered a separate collection of unstandardized dialects, with roughly 4.35–7.15 million native speakers and probably 6.7–10 million...

residents in other countries such as Nauru and Kiribati. There are two major dialects, the western Rālik and the eastern Ratak. Marshallese, a Micronesian language...

understand Afrikaans than for Afrikaans speakers to understand Dutch. In a dialect continuum, neighbouring varieties are mutually intelligible, but differences...

Kajkavian dialects, in Croatia Zagorje–Međimurje dialect Križevci–Podravina dialect Turopolje–Posavina dialect Prigorje dialect Lower Sutla dialect Gora dialect [hr]...

intelligible with Zulu, as is Northern Ndebele. Maho (2009) lists four dialects: central KwaZulu-Natal Zulu, northern Transvaal Zulu, eastern coastal Qwabe...

like John L. Hayes considered it to be descended from a North African dialect of Colloquial Arabic, which was introduced to Malta when the Aghlabids...

Limburg and in the adjacent areas of North Rhine-Westphalia. The Limburgish dialects lack a standardized form and instead comprise multiple varieties, each...

many dialects. The main dialect groups are Attic and Ionic, Aeolic, Arcadocypriot, and Doric, many of them with several subdivisions. Some dialects are...

kingdom of Hokuzan. The Nakijin dialect is often considered representative of Kunigami, analogous to the Shuri-Naha dialect of Central Okinawan. The number...

Supetar < sanctu petru; Sutomore < sancta maria Words in the Dubrovnik dialect like kȁpula "onion" < cepulla; kèlomna "pillar" < columna; kȑklo "fringe"...

preparing schoolbooks and other materials in the various languages and dialects and requested the recommendation of South African linguist Clement Doke...

languages dates from 1989. Currently, at the level of rural dialects, Galician forms a dialect continuum with Portuguese in the south, and with Astur-Leonese...

Nyayi). Some dialects are subdialects but have been mentioned here for completeness. For example, Valoyi and Luleke comprise the N'walungu dialect. Tswa-Ronga...

the three above mentioned dialects. The last popular Kalanga dialect is the Tjindondondo dialect which is the main dialect of communication amongst the...

is part of the Ibero-Romance language group, which evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin in Iberia after the collapse of the Western Roman Empire...

(1997) classes the dialect as "predominantly North-Northumbrian" with "a few features shared with Scots". Features of this dialect include the "Northumbrian...

each month, and that only five people under the age of 50 are fluent. The dialect of Cherokee in Oklahoma is "definitely endangered", and the one in North...

of sounds used in speaking a given word or all language in a specific dialect—"correct" or "standard" pronunciation—or simply the way a particular individual...

national mass media. The other yardstick for distinguishing a language from a dialect is: different grammar, different language. "Filipino", "Pilipino" and "Tagalog"...

Xinjiang and Qinghai, and Buryatia. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5–6 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia...

or الداريجة), is the dialectal, vernacular form or forms of Arabic spoken in Morocco. It is part of the Maghrebi Arabic dialect continuum and as such...

Within the Netherlands, however, "West Frisian" refers to the West Frisian dialect of the Dutch language while the West Frisian language is almost always...

linguistic definition Fuzhou is a language and not a dialect (conferring the variety a 'dialect' status is more socio-politically motivated than linguistic)...

A number of Korean dialects are spoken in Korea and by the Korean diaspora. The peninsula is very mountainous and each dialect's "territory" corresponds...

Cottonera Dialect Gozitan dialects Qormi dialect Żejtun dialect Maltralian Corfiot Maltese (extinct) Andalusi Arabic (extinct) Eastern pre-Hilali Dialects Tunisian...

Elsässisch or Elsässerdeutsch) is the group of Alemannic German and Franconian dialects spoken in most of Alsace, a formerly disputed region in eastern France...

lects that are not considered separate languages, such as the members of a dialect cluster, may also be described as descending from a unitary proto-language...

DSLs and language-oriented programming. Grammar-oriented programming Dialecting Domain-specific language Extensible programming Ward, Martin (1994). "Language-Oriented...

language and lingua franca; Austro-Bavarian, the main dialect outside Vorarlberg; Alemannic, the main dialect in Vorarlberg; and several minority languages....

the Chatino family of the Oto-Manguean languages. Dialects are rather diverse; neighboring dialects are about 80% mutually intelligible. For grammatical...

Yorkshire Dialect Society and the East Riding Dialect Society exist to promote the survival of the more traditional features. The dialects have been represented...

which later became known as the Kingdom of Nepal. The various different dialects of Nepali language are believed to emerged across the Khasa Kingdom, present-day...

WESMAEL-CHARLIER, Namur. 60 pages. Kongo language course : a course in the dialect of Zoombo, northern Angola = Maloòngi makíkoongo (1987) by Carter, Hazel...

referred to as the Okinawan dialect (沖縄方言, Okinawa hōgen), or more specifically the Central and Southern Okinawan dialects (沖縄中南部諸方言, Okinawa Chūnanbu...

for Monegasque Traditions. Monégasque is closely related to the Ligurian dialect spoken in Ventimiglia and Genoese, and has been influenced by major languages...

Udora dialects. Syktyvkardin is spoken in the region of Syktyvkar and forms the model for the generic standard dialect of the language. Dialects are divided...

widespread supradialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian (more specifically on the dialects of Šumadija-Vojvodina and Eastern Herzegovina), which is also the basis...

official language of Montenegro. Montenegrin is based on the most widespread dialect of Serbo-Croatian, Shtokavian, more specifically on Eastern Herzegovinian...

or koiné language or dialect (pronounced /ˈkɔɪ.neɪ/, KOY-nay; from Ancient Greek κοινή 'common') is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as a...

Fujian. Amoy Hokkien is the prestige dialect of Hokkien in Fujian, while a majority of Taiwanese people speak a dialect called Taiwanese Hokkien or simply...

the first appearance of European loanwords. The basis of the standard dialect moved from the Kansai region to the Edo region (modern Tokyo) in the Early...

Taranto) are the Apulian Southern Italo-Romance dialects, including Bari dialect and Tarantino dialect. In the southern region of Salento, an extreme Southern...

the eastern subbranch of Oghuz languages, as well as Khorazm, the Oghuz dialect of Uzbek spoken mainly in Khorezm along the Turkmenistan border. Elsewhere...

The Kansai dialect (関西弁・関西方言, Kansai-ben, Kansai hōgen; Japanese pronunciation: [kaɰ̃.sai.beɴ, kaɰ̃.sai hoː.ɡeꜜɴ, -ŋeꜜɴ, kaɰ̃.sai hoꜜː.ɡeɴ, -ŋeɴ]) is...

The Prizren–Timok dialect (Serbo-Croatian: призренско–тимочки дијалект / prizrensko–timočki dijalekt) is the name given by Serbian linguists to classify...

(Canton), Wuzhou (Ngchow), Hong Kong and Macau, which is the prestige dialect of the group. Taishanese, from the coastal area of Jiangmen (Kongmoon)...

Somalia. Maho (2009) considers it a distinct dialect, and it has been classified as a Northern Dialect of Swahili. However, it strongly distinguishes...

local dialect as something separate from other forms of Inuktitut. In the Nunavik dialect, Inuktitut is called Nunavimmiutut (ᐃᓄᑦᑎᑐᑦ). This dialect is also...

following Indo-Aryan dialects: Rangri dialect (Malvi) (rāngaṛī), a dialect of Malvi spoken in Madhya Pradesh, India Rangri dialect (Haryanvi), another...

Southern American English or Southern U.S. English is a regional dialect or collection of dialects of American English spoken throughout the Southern United...

meaning and often misleading, and it may refer to any of the following dialects of American English—most frequently to New York City English and Philadelphia...

Geordie (/ˈdʒɔːrdi/ JOR-dee) is a regional name for, and the vernacular dialect of, the people of Newcastle upon Tyne and the wider Tyneside area of North...

Vowsi) is a dialect of the Tati language spoken in the Vafs village and surrounding area in the Markazi province of Iran. The dialects of the Tafresh...

spoken mainly in Northern Germany and the northeastern Netherlands. The dialect of Plautdietsch is also spoken in the Russian Mennonite diaspora worldwide...

"A language is a dialect with an army and navy", sometimes called the Weinreich witticism, is a mordant aphorism about the arbitrariness of the distinction...

The dialects of the Igbo language are the regional varieties of Igbo spoken across Igboland in southeastern Nigeria and in diaspora communities worldwide...

script appearing circa 600 BC. It has been described as either an "early dialect of an outlying form of Gaulish" or a separate Continental Celtic language...

of Japanese language policy which refers to the language as the Yaeyama dialect (八重山方言, Yaeyama hōgen), reflected in the education system, people below...

Cumbrian dialect or Cumberland dialect is a local dialect of Northern England in decline, spoken in Cumberland, Westmorland and Lancashire North of the...

Viking Era. Danish, together with Swedish, derives from the East Norse dialect group, while the Middle Norwegian language (before the influence of Danish)...

standardized lect, there are two main dialects of the Belarusian language: the northeastern dialect and the southwestern dialect. In addition, there is a transitional...

Metro Cebu dialect). Southern Kanâ is a dialect of both southern Leyte and Southern Leyte provinces; it is closest to the Mindanao Cebuano dialect at the...

inhabitants have a distinctive accent and dialect known as Pitmatic. This varies from the regional dialect known as Geordie. The name Ashington comes...

o: kulang is pronounced as [ˈkuwaŋ] (the same as Metro Cebu dialect). The Bohol dialect developed in the region after the Cebuano language arrived there...

estimated that the Kumam dialect has 82 percent lexical similarity with the Acholi dialect, 81 percent with the Lango dialect. Fricatives occur only in...

German dialects are the various traditional local varieties of the German language. Though varied by region, those of the southern half of Germany beneath...

differences between his own dialect, which he called Kikamtunda, the "language of the plateau", and the Kimaravi dialect spoken further south; for example...

Kliszczak dialect Pieniny dialect Łącko dialect Piwniczna dialect Żywiec dialect Orawa dialect Podhale dialect Spisz dialect Zagórze dialect Kysuce dialect Ochotnica...

Northern Aymara dialect, which encompasses the department of La Paz in Bolivia and the department of Puno in Peru. The Southern Aymara dialect is spoken in...

The small group of Hachijō dialects (八丈方言, Hachijō hōgen), natively called Shima Kotoba (島言葉; [ɕima kotoba], "island speech"), are, depending on classification...

into local varieties, or dialects, unaffected by formal standards and teachings. These varieties are not in any sense "dialects" of standard Italian, which...

Northeast Malakula, or Uripiv-Wala-Rano-Atchin, is a dialect chain spoken on the islands of Uripiv, Wala, Rano, and Atchin and on the mainland opposite...

Bhuliya is an Indo-Aryan dialect which carries the same name as the Bhulia people of India. It has mainly been classified as a dialect of Chhattisgarhi which...

southwestern Sardinia. It is part of the Gallo-Italic and Western Romance dialect continuum. Although part of Gallo-Italic, it exhibits several features...

related to the Finnish dialects spoken in eastern Finland, and some Finnish linguists have even classified Karelian as a dialect of Finnish, but nowadays...

that variety of languages/dialects, direct evidence of only two has survived. These are: Avestan, the two languages/dialects of the Avesta (the liturgical...

It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect. For example, while Arabic is sometimes considered a single language centred...

The variants of use in each dialect of Portuguese are mostly a matter of preference: it does not usually mean a dialect completely abandoned either form...

discusses the literary dialect of the dialect continuum constituting the Dargin languages. It is based on the Aqusha and Urakhi dialects of Northern Dargin...

centuries, dialects from many different regions of England and the British Isles existed in every American colony, allowing a process of extensive dialect leveling...

Afghanistan and Pakistan. Both Northern and Southern Uzbek are divided into many dialects. Uzbek and Uyghur are sister languages and they constitute the Karluk or...

basa Banyuwangi, is the Modern Javanese dialect of the Osing people of East Java, Indonesia. The Osing dialect uses a special diphthongization (changing...

northeastern Wisconsin, United States. It belongs to the langues d'oïl dialect continuum, the most prominent member of which is French. The historical...

Zhuang is a Zhuang variety including the dialects of Yongning North, Binyang, Hengxian, and Pingguo dialects. 'Yongbei' 邕北 is Chinese and here means North...

the Greek dialect of the ancient region of Attica, including the polis of Athens. Often called Classical Greek, it was the prestige dialect of the ancient...

philosopher Roger Bacon was the first to distinguish it along with other dialects such as Picard and Bourguignon. Today, although it does not enjoy any official...

Changchow dialect may refer to: Zhangzhou dialect, a Hokkien dialect spoken in and around Zhangzhou, Fujian, China Changzhou dialect, a Wu dialect spoken...

The Punjabi language has a variety of dialects (bōlīyāṁ) which form a dialect continuum and are primarily subdivided into two groups: Eastern Punjabi...

people in the Pacific Northwest of North America. North Straits Salish is a dialect continuum, the varieties of which are closely related to the Klallam language...

western dialects form the basis of the lowland dialects (see above). The western dialects contain features common with the Moravian dialects in the Czech...

dialects, 209 present in certain dialects, and 26 no longer in common use, bringing the final number of potentially Slavic loanwords in all dialects to...

The Luritja dialect is the language of the Luritja people, an Aboriginal Australian group indigenous to parts of the Northern Territory and Western Australia...

inflection for am, is, are, has, and have in informal English. In some dialects, it is also used for do, does, did, and will. The development of ain't...

a Croatian literary standard began on the basis of the Neo-Shtokavian dialect that served as a supraregional lingua franca – pushing back regional Chakavian...

and Myanmar. There are three dialects: Northern, Southern, and Central. The Central dialect of Miangu is the prestige dialect and is understood fairly well...

Minjiang dialect is especially difficult for speakers of other Mandarin dialects to understand. Sichuanese can be further divided into a number of dialects: Chengdu–Chongqing...

is the standardised form of the language, based mostly on the Chemguy dialect which was historically spoken by the Prince of Princes of Circassia, in...

North-Central American English is an American English dialect, or dialect in formation, native to the Upper Midwestern United States, an area that somewhat...

dialect cluster of Dutch—was (and to some extent, still is) traditionally spoken along with Roman Flemish, typically referred to as a French dialect (also...

of Lampung. Northern dialect, spoken in Bogor Regency, and northwestern coastal areas of West Java. Southern or Priangan dialect, spoken in Sukabumi,...

divides the dialects of the Balochi language into six categories: Rakhshani, Panjguri, Saravani, Lashari, Kechi, and the "Coastal Dialects". According...

sometimes regarded as dialects of Polish This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pomeranian dialect. If an internal link incorrectly...

Central Tibetan language, also known as Ü-Tsang dialect, Dbus Tibetan, or Ü Tibetan, is the most widely spoken Tibetic language and the basis of Standard...

Yiddish dialects are varieties of the Yiddish language and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness. Linguistically...

The Yoruba dialect continuum consists of multiple dialects. The various Yoruba dialects in Yorubaland can be classified into five major dialect areas: Northwest...

Aswan and downriver (northwards) to Lower Egypt. Saʽidi Arabic is a sub-dialect of Egyptian Arabic spoken primarily in Upper Egypt. It carries little prestige...

a feature of Hiberno-English, and occurs sporadically in various other dialects. The perceived name of the letter affects the choice of indefinite article...

Fujian), Eastern Guangdong, Hainan, and Southern Zhejiang. Southern Min dialects are also spoken by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora...

data. It is a Platform as a Service (PaaS) that supports querying using a dialect of SQL and Graph Query Language. It also has built-in machine learning...

Ndebele, and Xhosa. The Swati spoken in Eswatini can be divided into four dialects corresponding to the four administrative regions of the country: Hhohho...

Flemish (Vlaams [vlaːms] ) is a Low Franconian dialect cluster of the Dutch language. It is sometimes referred to as Flemish Dutch (Vlaams-Nederlands)...

Siberia, Russia. There are small groups of Tuvans that speak distinct dialects of Tuvan in China and Mongolia. The earliest record of Tuvan is from the...

Aeolian settlements took place during the 7th century. They spoke Aeolic, a dialect of Ancient Greek most famously known for its use by poets like Sappho and...

name may also be spelled ǃKhong or ǃXoon), and formerly called by the dialect name ǂHoan (also known as Western ǂHoan, to distinguish from Eastern ǂHoan)...

programme Front Row Problems playing this file? See media help. Cockney is a dialect of the English language spoken mainly in London, particularly by Londoners...

Bukovinian dialect or Bukovina dialect may refer to: Bukovinian Romanian dialect Pokuttia–Bukovina dialect, a dialect of Ukrainian Bukovinian Polish dialect Bukovina...

the Levant. It is the ancestor of modern Norman, including the insular dialects (such as Jèrriais), as well as Anglo-Norman. Old Norman was an important...

Rhineland would have encountered the Middle High German dialects from which the Rhenish German dialects of the modern period would emerge. Jewish communities...

perspective includes only the dialects of the valleys around the Sella group, while wider definitions comprise the dialects of adjacent valleys in the Province...

dialect') is a cluster of varieties of Arabic native to Yemen and southwestern Saudi Arabia. It is generally considered a very conservative dialect cluster...

Torlak is a group of transitional South Slavic dialects spoken across southeastern Serbia, southern and eastern Kosovo, northern North Macedonia, and northwestern...

accents and dialects of the English language. These charts give a diaphoneme for each sound, followed by its realization in different dialects. The symbols...

Norwegian forms a dialect continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional varieties; some Norwegian and Swedish dialects, in particular...

coherent set of linguistic criteria for distinguishing languages in a dialect continuum. For example, a language is often defined as a set of mutually...

based on a set of Uzbek dialects. Ethnologue records the use of the word "Chagatai" in Afghanistan to describe the "Tekke" dialect of Turkmen. Up to and...

sometimes considered dialects of the same language, Abazgi, of which the literary dialects of Abkhaz and Abaza are simply two ends of a dialect continuum. Grammatically...

it may represent the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative /ʃ/ in most dialects when syllable-final, and [ʒ] in European Portuguese Islão (Islam) or, in...

of dialectal variation varies from language to language. Languages like Tagalog, Kapampangan and Pangasinan are known to have very moderate dialectal variation...

[ˈɣroːnɪŋs] ) (or Groninger) dialects or language, known in Gronings itself as Grunnegs or Grönnegs, are some of the Low Saxon dialects spoken in the province...

overlap.. Northern Kannada dialects preserve older phonological features not found in southern dialects. Coastal dialects show lexical influence from...

first reference that somehow connects the Swiss and Italian Rhaeto-Romance dialects is a letter from 1559 by Pier Paolo Vergerio, who simply observes that...

Aromanian dialect may refer to: Aromanian language, referred to as a dialect of Romanian by some Romanian scholars Aromanian dialects, the dialects of the...

separate language, in Italy it is often mistakenly regarded as an Italian dialect. It is linguistically part of the Gallo-Italic languages group from Northern...

own dialect, as in Dialects and Slang of Poland: Bylacki dialect Slowinski dialect Kabatkow dialect Zaborski dialect Tucholski and Krajniacki dialect (although...

Manchester dialect or Manchester English, known informally as Mancunian (/mænˈkjuːniən/ man-KEW-nee-ən) or Manc, is the English accent and dialect variations...

treated as an autonomous language in its own right rather than an Italian dialect, a status captured by the notion of polynomic language developed by Jean-Baptiste...

as in fox, /ɒ/, which sounds slightly different in different dialects. In most dialects of British English, it is either an open-mid back rounded vowel...

Imphal dialect, also known as Standard Imphal dialect, or Meitei Proper, or Standard Meiteilon, or Standard Manipuri, is the standard dialect of Meitei...

but there is a dialectal variation: many Netherlandic dialects use a voiceless fricative ([x] or [χ]) instead, and in southern dialects it may be palatal...

Cantabrian), and Galician-Portuguese. Until a few centuries ago, they formed a dialect continuum covering the western, central and southern parts of the Iberian...

among languages of the European Union. Polish is subdivided into regional dialects. It maintains strict T–V distinction, obligatory honorifics, and other...

dialects, the Southern Tuscan dialects, and Corsican. The Northern Tuscan dialects are (from east to west): Florentine (fiorentino), the main dialect...

(Arabic: لهجة بلاد ما بين النهرين), also known as Iraqi Arabic or the Iraqi dialect (Arabic: اللهجة العراقية), or just as Iraqi (Arabic: عراقي), are the varieties...

typically occurs through geographical separation, with different regional dialects of the proto-language undergoing different language changes and thus becoming...

Piyekwâkamî dialect) ilnu-Aimûn (Western Montagnais, Betsiamites dialect) innu-Aimûn (Eastern Montagnais) Cree is believed to have begun as a dialect of the...

announcers Mid-Atlantic accent may also refer to: Philadelphia English, the dialect spoken in the lower Mid-Atlantic region (the Delaware Valley and Baltimore...

in this article correctly. The Satsugū dialect (薩隅方言, Satsugū Hōgen), often referred to as the Kagoshima dialect (鹿児島弁, Kagoshima-ben, Kagomma-ben, Kago'ma-ben...

Preservation Area Ōmori (Ōda City) Yunotsu (Ōda City) Iwami dialect Unpaku dialect (Izumo dialect, Oki dialect, etc.) Shimane University, Matsue and Izumo (National...

Buryat or Buriat, known in foreign sources as the Bargu-Buryat dialect of Mongolian, and in pre-1956 Soviet sources as Buryat-Mongolian, is a variety...

for their languages as distinct from the ones they have been considered dialects of in the past. Some of these groups have established their own orthographies...

French descent (most notably the Québécois and the Acadians, with varying dialects), a legacy of the French colonization of America, and these communities...

varies by both dialect and method of analysis). Many of the vowels are due to umlaut, which is highly productive in the standard dialect. None of the spelling...

Americas, and Oceania. Some of these languages have developed into dialects and dialect families (examples include African-American English, Pennsylvania...

of Galloway Gaelic led to the geographic isolation of Manx from other dialects of Gaelic. The development of a separate orthography also led Manx to diverge...

Mijikenda is a Bantu dialect cluster spoken along the coast of East Africa, mostly in Kenya, where there are 2.6 million speakers (2019 census) but also...

a number of words beginning with a written ⟨w⟩ that are silent in most dialects before a (pronounced) ⟨r⟩, remaining from usage in Old English in which...

The Catalan dialects (and restrictively also, Valencian dialects) feature a relative uniformity, especially when compared to other Romance languages; both...

[səɾaːiːkiː]; also spelt Siraiki, or Seraiki) is a language of Lahnda dialect continuum within the Punjabi language variety of the Indo-Aryan language...

The American Dialect Society's Word of the Year (WotY) are voted at the January American Dialect Society conference. The first year for which the word...

it is part of the alphabets used for some Alemannic and Austro-Bavarian dialects of German. Though Å is derived from A by adding an overring, it is typically...

phonological features of the Wuming and northern dialects of Zhuang: Among other northern dialects of Zhuang, /w/ may be heard as a [β] or [v] sound...

and a minority language in the district of Kargil. Ladakhi has several dialects: Lehskat, named after Leh where it is spoken, Shamskat, spoken northwest...

Kagoshima is home to a distinctive dialect of Japanese known as Satsugū dialect (薩隅方言, Satsugū Hōgen) or Kagoshima dialect (鹿児島弁, Kagoshima-ben; or Kagomma-ben)...

pronouns in Bajan Dialect: The word "yuh" is interchangeably pronounced /ju/ or /jə/. The structure of questions in Bajan Dialect varies from that of...

including various cultural issues related to their language. Turoyo Hertevin dialect Qaraqosh Bohtan Mlaḥsô Alqosh Barzani Inter-Zab Betanure Zakho Trans-Zab...

Gyeonggi dialect (Korean: 경기 방언; RR: Gyeonggi bangeon) or Seoul dialect (서울 방언; Seoul bangeon) of the Korean language is the prestige dialect in South...

Mercian was a dialect spoken in the Anglian kingdom of Mercia (roughly speaking the Midlands of England, an area in which four kingdoms had been united...

linguists. The main dialects and subdialects of Mingrelian are: Zugdidi-Samurzakano or Northwest dialect Jvari Senaki-Poti or Southeast dialect Martvili-Bandza...

Saxon and Upper Franconian dialects, which are Central German and Upper German dialects belonging to the High German dialect group. German is therefore...

Lemko), Serbia, and Slovakia. The categorization of Rusyn as a language or dialect is a source of controversy. Czech, Slovak, and Hungarian, as well as American...

and a Lombardic linguistic superstratum and is a cluster of homogeneous dialects that are spoken by millions of speakers in Northern Italy and southern...

unique to dialects) though the dialect of Jeju Island is divergent enough to be generally considered a separate language. The Yukjin dialect in the far...

river along which it is found, and Nomad. It has two dialects, the Hesif dialect and the Kalamo dialect. Odoodee at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription...

Boro of Bengal are western dialects whereas the dialects in Assam are the eastern dialects of Boro. The western dialects differ in phonology and grammar...

Sulic Meso-Philippine South Mangyan (includes Hanunuo) Palawan Subanon (dialect cluster) Central Philippine (includes Tagalog, Bikol, Visayan, Mansakan)...

the French Flemish dialect of Dutch has historically been spoken as a native language. Similarly, the distinct French Picard dialect Ch'ti is spoken there...

Việt: Hmôngz, Nyiakeng Puachue: 𞄀𞄩𞄰, Pahawh: 𖬌𖬣𖬵, [m̥ɔ̃́]) is a dialect continuum of the West Hmongic branch of the Hmongic languages spoken by...

language is largely uncommon among its native speakers, as it forms a dialect continuum of mutually intelligible varieties and therefore it is primarily...

Occasionally, the Alemannic dialects spoken in other countries are grouped together with Swiss German as well, especially the dialects of Liechtenstein and Austrian...

written forms on the other. Second, there is regional variation between dialects. The competition between the popular and the learned registers (see Diglossia)...

Northumberland and Durham dialect, Northumbrian dialect, or in England North East dialect is any one of several traditional English dialects spoken in the historic...

The Tōhoku dialect (東北方言, Tōhoku hōgen), commonly called Tōhoku-ben (東北弁), is a group of the Japanese dialects spoken in the Tōhoku region, the northeastern...

Dialect discrimination refers to the unequal treatment of those whose dialect contains linguistic features identifying them with a certain geographical...

Akabo or Bo (also known as Ba) is an extinct dialect of the Northern Andamanese language. It was spoken on the west central coast of North Andaman and...

Tibetan characters. Lhasa Tibetan or Standard Tibetan is a standardized dialect of Tibetan spoken by the people of Lhasa, the capital of the Tibetan Autonomous...

being the districts of Tournai and Mons (Walloon Picardy). The language or dialect is referred to by different names, as residents of Picardy call it simply...

resemble RP until the late 19th century. RP has most in common with the dialects of what has been termed the South East Midlands, in particular the Golden...

language consists of three or four dialects. Among them is also the southern dialect, also known as the coastal dialect (yalıboyu, cenübiy), which is in...

that were originally spoken in this region. Although clearly a western dialect, Hassaniya is relatively distant from other Maghrebi variants of Arabic...

although linguists consider Lungu and Mambwe to be dialects of a single language. There are three dialects: Milanzi (also referred to as IchiSukuuma), Kwa...

[ˈtuːnsi] "Tunisian" or Derja (Arabic: الدارجة; meaning "common or everyday dialect") to distinguish it from Modern Standard Arabic, the official language...

Egyptians speak a continuum of dialects. The predominant dialect in Egypt is Egyptian Colloquial Arabic or Masri/Masry (مصرى Egyptian), which is the vernacular...

mono), tiange ("mini markets"), etc. In contrast with the Luzon-based dialects, the Zamboangueño variety has the most borrowings and/or influence from...

Most of the Romance-speaking part of Europe has traditionally been a dialect continuum, where the speech variety of a location differs only slightly...

(Suzhounese: 蘇州閒話; sou1 tseu1 ghe2 gho6), also known as the Suzhou dialect (alternatively Soochow dialect), is the variety of Chinese traditionally spoken in the...

North East England. The term is also used to describe the local accent and dialect spoken in the area. The term relates to the area's notoriety for its high...

('accent') in most Japanese dialects. The nature and location of the accented syllable for a given word may vary between dialects. For instance, the word...

Sanskrit and Bengali manuscripts. Kokborok was relegated to a common people's dialect during the rule of the Tripuri kings in the Kingdom of Tipra from the 19th...

(sound change) that took place in the southern parts of the West Germanic dialect continuum. The shift is used to distinguish High German from other continental...

The Bergamasque dialect is the western variant of the Eastern Lombard group of the Lombard language. It is mainly spoken in the province of Bergamo and...

The Savo dialects (also called Savonian dialects or Savo Finnish) (Finnish: Savolaismurteet) are forms of the Finnish language spoken in Savo and other...

(Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization,...

(Norwegian written standard) Swedish Göta dialects Gotland dialects Svealand dialects Norrland dialects East Swedish dialects Finland Swedish Estonian Swedish...

The Norfolk dialect, often specifically the Norwich dialect, is a variety of East Anglian English spoken in the county of Norfolk in England. In addition...

to the English language in England, or, more broadly, to the collective dialects of English throughout the United Kingdom taken as a single umbrella variety...

group of dialects of Dari Persian. Afghan Persian, also known as Dari, is an eastern variety of the Persian language and has many dialects throughout...

to be mutually intelligible – dependent on exposure or familiarity with dialects between speakers – and spoken by 9.1 million people in the countries Burkina...

North Frisian dialects can be grouped into two main dialectal divisions: mainland and insular dialects. Altogether, both groups have 10 dialects. Since the...

also removed letters pronounced in some dialects but not in others. Irish spelling represents all Irish dialects to a high degree despite their considerable...

language includes both standard dialects (ones with high social prestige) as well as nonstandard or vernacular dialects. Even an official language with...

is English, while Scots and Scottish Gaelic are minority languages. The dialect of English spoken in Scotland is referred to as Scottish English. The Celtic...

Southern Italo-Romance. There are notable differences among the various dialects, but they are all generally mutually intelligible. Italian and Neapolitan...

Papua New Guinea. Dialects are named after the five ethnicities, Iwalaqamalje, Hiqwaye, Hiqwase, Gwase, Heqwangilye (Yeqwangilje dialect). Yagwoia is spoken...

until the 13th century. However, only one dialect of Siculo-Arabic is still spoken: Maltese. Siculo-Arabic dialects descend from Arabic following the Abbasid...

about 450 live on Sapwuahfik. It was previously considered a distinct dialect of Pohnpeian, but was later reclassified as the two proved to be only partially...

Sotho-Tswana. The Northern Sotho group is geographical, and includes a number of dialects also closely related to Sotho–Lozi. Tswana is also known as "Western Sesotho"...

similar to that dialect spoken in the western part of the Palatinate) and Moselle Franconian (in the northwest, very similar to that dialect spoken along...

Portuguese norm). Usually at least two of them are present in a single dialect, such as Rio de Janeiro's [ʁ], [χ], [ɦ] and, for a few speakers, [ɣ]. The...

in official writing. ⟨j⟩ is also used to render /j/ in dialectal spelling, e.g. Romanesco dialect ⟨ajo⟩ [ˈajjo]] (garlic; cf. Italian aglio [ˈaʎʎo]). The...

The Wiradjuri people (Wiradjuri northern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjd̪uːraj]; Wiradjuri southern dialect pronunciation [wiraːjɟuːraj]) are a group of...

language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is a trade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bemvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti...

are classified as North-Eastern: Ossetic; Yaghnobi (which derives from a dialect closely related to Sogdian); the Shughni group (Shughni, Roshani, Khufi...

Arcadocypriot, or southern Achaean, was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia (the central Peloponnese) and Cyprus. Its resemblance to Mycenaean...

Standard Shan, which is also known as Tachileik Shan, is based on the dialect of the city of Tachileik.[citation needed] In 2019, Ethnologue estimated...

northern Jordan in the Ḥarrah region, to carve rock inscriptions in various dialects of Old Arabic and Ancient North Arabian. The Safaitic script is a member...

The Hilalian dialects (Arabic: اللهجات الهلالية) are a continuum of Arabic dialects of the Maghreb, which were introduced during the Hilalian invasions...

(Johnny Vegas). Problems playing this file? See media help. The Lancashire dialect (or colloquially, Lanky) refers to the Northern English vernacular speech...

In Israel and Turkey, Levantine is a minority language. The Palestinian dialect is lexically the closest vernacular Arabic variety to MSA, with about 50%...

especially from Kurla in Bombay (Mumbai) to Ponda, Goa. Many Konkani dialects are spoken along and beyond the Konkan region, from Damaon in the north...

close to two millennia. The division within the Southern Luo language dialect cluster is considerably shallower, perhaps five to eight centuries, reflecting...

The Kociewie dialect (Polish: gwara Kociewska) belongs to the Greater Poland dialect group and is located in the northern part of Poland. It borders the...

Adyghe languages, the Abenaki language of Quebec, and in the hən̓q̓əmin̓əm̓ dialect of Halkomelem. Both the majuscule and minuscule forms of this letter are...

of loss of inflexions long before southern dialects below the Humber, precede Viking settlements and dialect contact situation Lack of extent of Old English...

The Shapsug dialect (Adyghe: Шапсыгъабзэ; Kabardian: Шапсыгъэбзэ) is a dialect of Adyghe. The Shapsug dialect is spoken by the Shapsugs, which are one...

The langues d'oïl  are a dialect continuum that includes standard French and its closest relatives historically spoken in the northern half of France...

of Ionian with Attic, the dialect of Athens, began the process that resulted in the creation of the first common Greek dialect, which became a lingua franca...

affricate /t͡ʃ/ with /t͡ʃʰ/. Kurmanji forms a dialect continuum of great variability. Loosely, six dialect areas can be distinguished: Northwestern Kurmanji...

language. In 1870s, Beames considered Maithili a dialect of a Bengali. Hoernlé initially treated it as a dialect of Eastern Hindi, but after comparing it with...

speakers; /f/ is realised as /h/ in most dialects; and /tɬ/ and /tɬʰ/ are realised as /t/ and /tʰ/ in northern dialects. Stress is fixed in Tswana and thus...

Maldivian language has four notable dialects. The standard dialect is that of the capital city of Malé. The greatest dialectal variation exists in the southern...

long-standing debate due to its transitional nature in the Western Romance dialect continuum. The Gardiol language has been classified by Glottolog as an...

their dialects), South Picene may represent a third branch of Sabellic. The whole linguistic Sabellic area, however, might be considered a dialect continuum...

four Welsh dialects remains the most academically useful: Gwyndodeg, the Gwynedd dialect Powyseg, the Powys dialect Dyfedeg, the Dyfed dialect Gwenhwyseg...

Bantu language spoken by the Safwa people of the Mbeya Region of Tanzania. Dialects are Guruka, Mbwila, Poroto, Songwe. There is uncertainty regarding whether...

Abuzaydabadi (Persian: ابوزیدآبادی) is a dialect of Soi and the language of people in the Kashan County, specifically the village of Abuzeydabad and the...

etc., and deriving from a late 17th-century English dialectal form. Another English dialectal form is izzard /ˈɪzərd/. This dates from the mid-18th...

Lake Malawi. There is no single name for the language as a whole; its dialects are Nyakyusa, Ngonde (Konde), Kukwe, Mwamba (Lungulu), and Selya (Salya...

and Herefordshire. The West Country has a distinctive regional English dialect and accent, and is also home to the Cornish language. The West Country...

up the Anglo-Frisian languages group and together with the Low German dialects these form the North Sea Germanic languages. Despite the close genetic...

Rathlin Island (Irish: Reachlainn, pronounced [ˈɾˠaxlən̠ʲ]; Local Irish dialect: Reachraidh, Irish pronunciation: [ˈɾˠaxɾˠi]; Scots: Racherie) is an island...

culture and dialects." Georg Dinges [de], Über unsere Mundarten, originally 1923 (online copy) Conrad Derring, Roy. "The Volga German dialect and where...

voiceless glottal fricative, [h], in most dialects of Ancient Greek, its sound value in the classical Attic dialect was a long open-mid front unrounded vowel...

specific language or dialect within a speech community, relative to other languages or dialects. Prestige varieties are language or dialect families which are...

Atlas of North American English identifies an Ottawa Valley traditional dialect enclave in Arnprior, which lacks the Canadian raising of /aʊ/ and strongly...

for Old Occitan is [pro]. In 2007, all the ISO 639-3 codes for Occitan dialects, including [prv] for Provençal, were retired and merged into [oci] Occitan...

Kingdom by Venetians in the diaspora. Although referred to as an "Italian dialect" (Venetian: diałeto; Italian: dialetto) even by some of its speakers, the...

because it is rather an Iberian Romance language that developed as a Jewish dialect of Old Spanish in the far west of Europe, and it began to be spoken widely...

Ineffabilis Deus was translated into the Morvan dialect by the Abbé Jacques-François Baudiau, and into the Dijon dialect by the Abbé Lereuil. The Abbé Baudiau also...

Normandy.[citation needed] Guernésiais most closely resembles the Norman dialect of Cotentinais spoken in La Hague in the Cotentin Peninsula of France....

languages such as Mandarin, which includes the Beijing dialect and its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis of Standard Chinese (or Standard...

speakers is estimated at 100,000 (native) and 450,000 (second language). The dialects of the Astur-Leonese language family are traditionally classified in three...

Basque dialects, which divides Basque into six dialects (euskalkiak in Basque): Biscayan dialect, Gipuzkoan dialect, Upper Navarrese dialect, Eastern...

people in parts of Brazil. It is derived primarily from the Hunsrückisch dialect of West Central German. Hunsrik is spoken in the Brazilian states of Rio...

was written in the "Negro dialect" associated with the antebellum South, though he also used the Midwestern regional dialect of James Whitcomb Riley. Dunbar...

and was historically used only for the dative case, but in most modern dialects is used for all cases and numbers. You comes from the Proto-Germanic demonstrative...

Arrabbiata sauce, known in Italian as arrabbiata (arabbiata in Romanesco dialect which means literally "angry"), is a spicy sauce made with tomatoes, garlic...

of very closely related dialects, or variants, of the Ripuarian group of dialects of the Central German group. These dialects are spoken in the area covered...

to be distinct enough to be considered separate languages. They form a dialect continuum with Ewe and Gen (Mina), which share a mutual intelligibility...

in a more standard dialect. However, some of those regional dialects became written languages by the 2nd century BC. These dialects reflect a stream of...

then to Hungarian.[citation needed] The base dialect of the Mansi literary language is the Sosva dialect, a representative of the northern language. Fixed...

delimiters. Philadelphia English or Delaware Valley English is a variety or dialect of American English native to Philadelphia and extending throughout the...

Meitei dialect (or Manipuri dialect) may refer to any of the following: Imphal dialect, the standard variety of Meitei language, primarily used in Imphal...

Amatriciana sauce, known in Italian as amatriciana (matriciana in Romanesco dialect), is a sauce made with tomatoes, guanciale (cured pork cheek), pecorino...

being the Brittonic languages. Goidelic languages historically formed a dialect continuum stretching from Ireland through the Isle of Man to Scotland....

BASIC dialects, including Microsoft BASIC in 1975. Due to the tiny main memory available on these machines, often 4 KB, a variety of Tiny BASIC dialects were...

a harmonized writing system. It can be spoken as a pidgin, a creole, a dialect, or a decreolised acrolect by different speakers, who may switch between...

quite distinct from the dialect of its neighbor to the north; rather, the Sudanese have a dialect similar to the Hejazi dialect. Juba Arabic, spoken in...

mainly on Akuapem dialect. As the first Akan variety to be used for Bible translation, Akuapem Twi had become the prestige dialect. With the Atlantic...

griot. The stories are written in an eye dialect devised by Harris to represent a Deep South Black dialect. Uncle Remus is a compilation of Br'er Rabbit...

has many dialects spoken in many countries throughout the world, sometimes collectively referred to as the English-speaking world. These dialects include...

western Kenya. The various Luhya tribes speak several related languages and dialects, though some of them are no closer to each other than they are to neighboring...

and Hindi. Fijian is a VOS language. Standard Fijian is based on the Bau dialect, which is an East Fijian language. A pidginized form is used by many Indo-Fijians...

dialect, one of the three main dialects of Japan, is spoken in Aomori Prefecture. The most widespread variants are the Tsugaru dialect, Nanbu dialect...

While the Mycenaean dialect is relatively uniform at all the centres where it is found, there are also a few traces of dialectal variants: i for e in...

when introduced to foreigners. The Suzhounese variety was the prestige dialect of Wu as of the 19th century but had been replaced in status by Shanghainese...

Ukrainian dialects Slovene dialects (e.g., Lower Carniolan dialects), Some subgroups of the Kajkavian dialect of Croatian Bulgarian dialects (e.g., the...

dialect continuum composed of two main dialects, Northern Lushootseed and Southern Lushootseed, which are further separated into smaller sub-dialects...

are five dialects, spread from mountainous region to the coastal region of Bengkulu, including the Musi (Musai) dialect, the Lebong dialect, the Kebanagung...

teeth, as they are with other dental consonants. Speakers of languages and dialects without the sound sometimes have difficulty producing or distinguishing...

countrywide standard or agreement on the pronunciation of Bokmål and the spoken dialects vary greatly. Bokmål is regulated by the governmental Language Council...

It was recognised as the Mercian flag by the Flag Institute in 2014. Dialect is one of the fields where the Midlands may have mixed influences. A study...

French: franco-arabe) refer to the romanized alphabets for informal Arabic dialects in which Arabic script is transcribed or encoded into a combination of...

Giryama is a dialect variety of the Mijikenda language spoken along the southern coast of Kenya, predominantly in the Kilifi district. Labialized sounds...

eastern limit of Gallo is less clearly defined, owing to the existence of a dialect continuum with neighboring Oïl languages such as Mayennais [fr], Norman...

Norwegian dialects (dialekter/ar) are commonly divided into four main groups, 'Northern Norwegian' (nordnorsk), 'Central Norwegian' (trøndersk), 'Western...

Sekmai dialect (or, Sengmai dialect) may refer to: Sekmai (Meitei dialect), a living dialect of Meitei language Sekmai (extinct dialect), a dialect once...

Kohgiluyeh, and Mamasani dialects in northwestern Fars. These dialects, together with the Luri dialects of Lorestan (e.g. Khorramabadi dialect), are referred to...

of the 16th century, the Bani Kaab (pronounced Chaub in the local Gulf dialect), from Kuwait, settled in Khuzestan. And during the succeeding centuries...

sub-branch of Romance languages, a linguistic group that evolved from several dialects of Vulgar Latin which separated from the Western Romance languages in the...

belonging to a separate branch of Northwest Semitic (alongside Canaanite) or a dialect of Amorite. Central Semitic is a proposed intermediate group comprising...

(Contai) dialect Kolkata dialect Shantipuriya (Nadia) dialect Shershahabadia (Maldahiya/ Jangipuri) dialect Barendri dialect Rangapuriya dialect Sylheti...

Russian dialects are spoken variants of the Russian language. Russian dialects and territorial varieties are divided in two conceptual chronological and...

Eastern Maninka, is the name of several closely related languages and dialects of the southeastern Manding subgroup of the Mande language family (itself...

distantly, Svan. Georgian has various dialects, with standard Georgian based on the Kartlian dialect, and all dialects are mutually intelligible. The history...

mutually intelligible with the Northern Amis dialect. The following discussion covers the central dialect of Amis. The voiced velar fricative /ɣ/ only...

known as Tornedalian, is a Finnic language or a group of distinct Finnish dialects spoken in the northernmost part of Sweden, particularly along the Torne...

known as Liverpool English or Merseyside English, is an English accent and dialect associated with the city of Liverpool and the surrounding Merseyside area...

American linguistics as the Inland North or Great Lakes dialect, is an American English dialect spoken primarily by White Americans throughout much of...

The Florentine dialect or vernacular (dialetto fiorentino or vernacolo fiorentino) is a variety of Tuscan, a Romance language spoken in the Italian city...

from the Moscow dialect substratum under some influence of the Russian chancery language. The Moscow dialect had a northern dialectal base, but after...

from the Swedish dialectal pyske, meaning 'small fairy'. Others have disputed this, given there is no plausible case for Nordic dialectal records in southwest...

dialects. Ingham and Holes both note the existence of two peninsular dialect groups: A southwestern dialect group that includes most of the dialects of...

dialects: "Austronesian" and "Papuan". Both dialects are Austronesian in both grammar and vocabulary due to their derivation from Motu; the dialect names...

giving rise to the Arcadocypriot dialect. This is the only dialect with a known Bronze-Age precedent. The other dialects must have preceded their attested...

Kele is a Bantu language of Gabon. Dialects of the Kele language are scattered throughout Gabon. West Kele (Kili) is spoken by the Kele people, scattered...

recognized dialects of the language, aside from Standard Hiligaynon and Urban Hiligaynon, are Bacolodnon Hiligaynon (Metro Bacolod dialect), Negrense...

Beijing dialect (simplified Chinese: 北京话; traditional Chinese: 北京話; pinyin: Běijīnghuà), also known as Pekingese and Beijingese, is the prestige dialect of...

are based on the tupinambá dialect, spoken in what is now the Brazilian state of São Paulo, but there were other dialects as well. According to Edward...

) or Lengadocian (Occitan pronunciation: [ˌleŋɡɔðuˈsja]) is an Occitan dialect spoken in rural parts of southern France such as Languedoc, Rouergue, Quercy...

The Karabakh dialect (Armenian: Ղարաբաղի բարբառ, Ġarabaġi barbař), also known as the Artsakh dialect (Արցախի բարբառ, Arc'axi barbař) is an ancient Eastern...

of other Dorian states. Dorians were distinguished by the Doric Greek dialect and by characteristic social and historical traditions. In the 5th century...

is considered vulnerable by UNESCO. Imphal dialect, also known as Standard Manipuri, is the standard dialect of Meitei language, and is natively spoken...

also known as Fanti, Fantse, or Mfantse, is one of the three literary dialects of the Twi-Fante language, along with Asante and Akuapem Twi, with which...

accent but with some changes very similar to dialects in the Mid-Atlantic (especially the New York area dialect, Northern New Jersey English, and New York...

Tanosy is a dialect of Malagasy spoken by Tanosy people in South-eastern Madagascar. Tanosy dialect belongs to the Austronesian language family and part...

languages fall into three dialect clusters: Worrorran the Northern Worrorran group, known as Wunambal and related dialects the Eastern Worrorran group...

language, Old French was a group of Romance dialects, mutually intelligible yet diverse. These dialects came to be collectively known as the langues...

in Chad, Cameroon and Nigeria. The Baggāra mostly speak their distinct dialect, known as Chadian Arabic. However the Baggāra of Southern Kordofan, due...

notation. In Western Inland dialects of Northern Sámi, eng represents a palatal nasal [ɲ] like ⟨nj⟩ due to a merger; in other dialects, eng represents a velar...

aragonés [aɾaɣoˈnes] in Aragonese) is a Romance language spoken in several dialects by about 12,000 people as of 2011, in the Pyrenees valleys of Aragon, Spain...

were bilingual in Ubykh and Adyghe. While not many dialects of Ubykh existed, one divergent dialect of Ubykh has been noted (in Dumézil 1965:266-269)....

slightly divergent dialect, sometimes listed as a distinct language. On the other hand, the Isanzu language is sometimes included as a dialect. Forms of the...

language of Cameroon. Yambeta has four dialects. The two main dialects are Nigii and Nɛdɛk, and the two lesser dialects are Begi (a subdialect of Nigii) and...

several Coptic alphabets, as the script varies greatly among the various dialects and eras of the Coptic language. The Coptic script has a long history going...

) is a region of Germany that includes the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia in present-day...

Legnanese dialect (native name legnanés, IPA: [leɲaˈneːs]) is a dialect of the Lombard language (belonging to the western branch) that is spoken around...

of Bollywood films and songs. Standard Hindi is based on the Khariboli dialect, spoken in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab (Delhi, Meerut, and Saharanpur); the...

Cornish dialect (also known as Cornish English, Anglo-Cornish or Cornu-English) is a dialect of English spoken in Cornwall by Cornish people. Dialectal English...

began in Norfolk, based on studies of rural dialects of those born in the 1870s. The Survey of English Dialects fieldworker Peter Wright found it in areas...

Marquesan is a collection of East-Central Polynesian dialects, of the Marquesic group, spoken in the Marquesas Islands of French Polynesia. They are usually...

as: Western Madurese Bangkalan dialect [id] (in Bangkalan) Sampang dialect (in Sampang) Eastern Madurese Pamekasan dialect [id] (in Pamekasan) Sumenep Madurese [id]...

southwestern Fars. It is a cluster of disparate dialects; the one illustrated here is the Davani dialect (Davani: devani; Persian: دوانی, transliteration:...

neighboring post-Soviet states, and among the Bashkir diaspora. It has three dialect groups: Southern, Eastern, and Northwestern. Speakers of Bashkir mostly...

and is closely related to not only the five other Ayta dialects but also the Botolan dialect of Sambal. Ethnologue reports 45 monolinguists. Abellen...

by some 55,000 people. There are two main dialects of Ngoreme - a northern dialect and a southern dialect - which maintain mutual intelligibility. Ngoreme...

the dialects that belongs to the Goral ethnolect. It borders the Orawa dialect to the west, the Kliszczak dialect to the north, and the Spisz dialect and...

people. Lisu has many dialects that originate from the country in which they live. Hua Lisu, Pai Lisu and Lu Shi Lisu dialects are spoken in China. Although...

varieties closely related to, and including, the Dutch language. Most dialects and languages included within this category are spoken in the Netherlands...

both MSA and with each other depending on their proximity in the Arabic dialect continuum. Native speakers of Arabic generally do not distinguish between...

Iranian language, existing as a dialect continuum, spoken by the Lur people in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The Luri dialects are descended from Middle Persian...

provinces of the United Netherlands proclaimed their independence. French-dialect speaking population, as well as the administration and elites, feared the...

differentiate it more and more from the dialects of Gascon spoken in France. Most linguists now consider Aranese a distinct dialect of Occitan and Gascon. Since...

It is the conventional term for the medieval West and East Scandinavian dialects (often labelled Old West Norse and Old East Norse) that developed from...

southern China: kôe-chiap (in the Amoy / Xiamen dialect and Quanzhou dialect) or kê-chiap (in the Zhangzhou dialect). Both pronunciations of the same word (膎汁...

also known as Brazilian Venetian or Brazilian Italian, is a Venetian dialect spoken primarily in the Serra Gaúcha region in the northeast of the state...

is spoken: Crucian dialect, Thomian dialect, Tortolian dialect or Tolan dialect, Saban dialect, Saint Martin dialect, Statian dialect. The creole was formed...

report published in 1937 in Sydney, Australia, there was a diversity of dialects until Nauru became a colony of Germany in 1888 and the first texts in Nauruan...

the Aosta Valley region of northwestern Italy. Formerly thought of as a dialect of either the langue d'oïl or Occitan, it is linguistically a language...

is a dialect of Fuzhounese of the Eastern Min branch. Wuqiu dialect (烏坵話, Ou-chhiu-uā) is the language spoken in Wuchiu islands. It is a dialect of Hinghwa...

Borderland dialect to the north, the Western Lublin dialect to the northeast, the Lasovia dialect to the southeast, the Eastern Krakow dialect to the south...

traditional foods Portuguese language, a Romance language Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language Portuguese man o' war, a dangerous...

English English English (as spoken in England) Northern English Cheshire dialect Cumbrian Northumbrian Geordie (of Newcastle-upon-Tyne and surrounding area)...

which is part of the Balearic dialect and the eastern block of Catalan. Balearic as a whole is a consecutive dialect formed by colonization of the Central...

operation's seal. Truthiness was named Word of the Year for 2005 by the American Dialect Society and for 2006 by Merriam-Webster. Linguist and OED consultant Benjamin...

German (German: Oberdeutsch [ˈoːbɐdɔʏtʃ] ) is a family of High German dialects spoken primarily in the southern German-speaking area (Sprachraum). In...

Khurkhul dialect (or, Khurkhun dialect) may refer to: Khurkhul (Meitei dialect), a living dialect of Meitei language Khurkhul (extinct dialect), a dialect once...

Bavarian and Alemannic dialects of Austria. Another option was to create a new standard based on the Southern German dialects, as proposed by the linguist...

South Australia and is one of the most easterly of the Western Desert dialects, being spoken around the communities of Mimili, Indulkana and Fregon and...

curve of the Congo River. Mongo is a tonal language. There are several dialects. Maho (2009) lists one of these, Bafoto (Batswa de l'Equateur), C.611,...

New York City English, or Metropolitan New York English, is a regional dialect of American English spoken primarily in New York City and some of its surrounding...

of the Pama–Nyungan family of Australia. It is sometimes counted as a dialect of the Western Desert Language, but is classified as a distinct language...

Hakata dialect (博多弁, Hakata-ben) is a Japanese dialect spoken in Fukuoka city. Hakata dialect originated in Hakata commercial district, while a related...

of the Bicol Region (particularly in Masbate and Sorsogon where several dialects of Waray are spoken), islands south of Luzon, such as those that make up...

The language is called Old Prussian to avoid confusion with the German dialects of Low Prussian and High Prussian and with the adjective Prussian as it...

The American Dialect Society (ADS), founded in 1889, is a learned society "dedicated to the study of the English language in North America, and of other...

Varieties of Arabic (or dialects or vernaculars) are the linguistic systems that Arabic speakers speak natively. Arabic is a Semitic language within the...

/ / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Portuguese dialects are the mutually intelligible variations of the Portuguese language in...

signorie then duchies, with reciprocal exchanges of land), has caused a high dialectal fragmentation, to the point the existence of an Emilian koiné has been...

high level of mutual intelligibility between Kyrgyz, Kazakh, and Altay. A dialect of Kyrgyz known as Pamiri Kyrgyz is spoken in north-eastern Afghanistan...

Bahamian dialect, Bahamian Creole English (BCE), or simply Bahamian, is an English-based creole language spoken in the Bahamas. "Bahamian dialect", as it...

/ˈtwɑːrɛɡ/) constitute a group of closely related Berber languages and dialects. They are spoken by the Tuareg Berbers in large parts of Mali, Niger, Algeria...

programs that are named Logo. Logo is a multi-paradigm adaptation and dialect of Lisp, a functional programming language. There is no standard Logo,...

linguists is that in the dialectal landscape of northern Italy, Veneto dialects are clearly distinguished from Gallo-Italic dialects. Italian is an official...

pronunciation, or may represent a distinction that is made only in certain dialects, like the English ⟨wh⟩. Some such digraphs are used for purely etymological...

the dialectal divisions. Old West Frisian, largely coterminous with the Diocese of Utrecht, was divided into two dialects: the southwestern dialect in...

language of the Tiwa people, a Northern dialect spoken at Taos Pueblo and Picuris Pueblo, and Southern dialect is spoken at Sandia Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo...

between [tk], [θk], and [sk] depending on dialect. /tm/ can be pronounced [θm]. Not all Northern Sámi dialects have identical consonant inventories. Some...

word-meanings in English depends on the particular dialect; it is able to do so in a few non-rhotic dialects, such as Australian English, Lunenburg English...

descended primarily from Vulgar Latin) that evolved out of the Gallo-Romance dialects spoken in northern France. The language's early forms include Old French...

language spoken in Scandinavia that is thought to have evolved as a northern dialect of Proto-Germanic in the first centuries CE. It is the earliest stage of...

district. The Bhaktapur dialect is also the most widely spoken dialect outside the Kathmandu Valley. Various subdialects of this dialect include, Banepa, Panauti...

language (mittelhochdeutsche Dichtersprache) based on Swabian, an Alemannic dialect. This historical interpretation is complicated by the tendency of modern...

roughly coinciding with the High and Late Middle Ages. The Middle English dialects evolved from Old English under the influence of Anglo-Norman French and...

[citation needed] It belongs to the dialect group of the former Bielsko-Biała language island, which includes the Alzenau dialect. Most scholars consider Wymysorys...

The Hengyang dialect of Xiang Chinese (Simplified Characters: 衡阳方言, Traditional Characters: 衡陽方言, Standard Mandarin: Héngyáng fāngyán /xəŋ˨˦.jaŋ˨˦ faŋ˥...

of Lithuanian language dialects. This correspondence, however, is by no means strict. For example, although the Dzūkian dialect is called South Aukštaitian...

KÉGL, SÁNDOR), 2013 Fascicle 3 (KÉGL, SÁNDOR – KEŠAʾI Dialect), 2013 Fascicle 4 (Kešaʾi Dialect – Khavaran-Nama), 2018 Fascicle 5 (Khavaran-Nama – Khomeini)...

The Amoy dialect or Xiamen dialect (Chinese: 廈門話; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ē-mn̂g-ōe; pinyin: Xiàménhuà), also known as Amoyese, Amoynese, Amoy Hokkien, Xiamenese...

The Nanjing dialect, also known as Nanjing Mandarin, Nanjingese, Nankingese, or Nankinese, is the prestige dialect of Mandarin Chinese spoken in the urban...

Dialect levelling (or leveling in American English) is an overall reduction in the variation or diversity of a dialect's features when in contact with...

Lebanese Arabic is a descendant of the Arabic dialects introduced to the Levant and other Arabic dialects that were already spoken in other parts of the...

has been developed for all Shina language dialects, including the Gilgit dialect and the Kohistani dialect. There are minor differences, such as the existence...

an Australian Aboriginal language of the Pama–Nyungan family. It was a dialect of Arabana spoken by the Wangkangurru people. Wangganguru had the full...

The Western Algerian Zenatic dialects are a diffuse set of Zenati Berber dialects spoken in north-western Algeria, west of the capital Algiers. The Western...

Podlachian dialect (Polish: gwary podlaskie) belongs to the Masovian dialect group and is located in the part of Poland. It borders the Suwałki dialect to the...

has ten dialects. These are fully mutually intelligible, and do not differ significantly from standard Hungarian except for the Csángó dialect. They are...

Russian, or Armenian. The Udi language has two dialects: Nidzh and Vartashen. Nidzh dialect has sub-dialects that are divided into three subgroups - bottom...

hēi Yí) and 'White Yi' (白彝; bái Yí) are castes of the Nuosu people, not dialects.[citation needed] Nuosu is one of several often mutually unintelligible...

The dialects of Serbo-Croatian include the vernacular forms and standardized sub-dialect forms of Serbo-Croatian as a whole or as part of its standard...

not a Gypsy word, and there is no single word for Gypsy in all Romani dialects. Rom (plural Rom or Roma) is a noun meaning “Gypsy,” but not all Gypsies...

linguistics, one definition appearing has been 'the study of languages and dialects in contact and in conflict with various societal, economic, ideological...

considerably among its dialects, which are divided into three large groups: the northern, the southern and the eastern dialects. These are further divided...

dialect groups of Upper German, sometimes one of the dialect groups of Alemannic German (in the broad sense), that belong to the High German dialect continuum...

index to notable programming languages, in current or historical use. Dialects of BASIC (which have their own page), esoteric programming languages, and...

distinguish the Cuzco form of Quechua today. Diverse Quechua regional dialects and languages had already developed in different areas, influenced by local...

language spoken locally is still called Bangala. Linguistically, Lingala is a dialect or variant of Bobangi, a popular or commercial Bobangi, that is, a Bobangi...

reject the distinction between the two languages in favour of both being dialects of a unitary Circassian language. Despite phonological differences, Circassian...

Loki (Boloki), or Ruki, is a Bantu language spoken in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It is very close to Lingala. The Boloki (Baloki) people are...