BST1

BST1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	1ISF, 1ISG, 1ISH, 1ISI, 1ISJ, 1ISM
Identifiers
Aliases	BST1, CD157, bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600387; MGI: 105370; HomoloGene: 3198; GeneCards: BST1; OMA:BST1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)
End	15,738,313 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 5 (mouse)
End	44,001,328 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; granulocyte; ; bone marrow; ; blood; ; bone marrow cell; ; gonad; ; duodenum; ; gallbladder; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; trabecular bone;
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; jejunum; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; duodenum; ; ileum; ; yolk sac; ; intestinal villus; ; epithelium of small intestine; ; neural layer of retina; ; blood;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	NAD(P)+ nucleosidase activity; transferase activity; hydrolase activity; NAD+ nucleotidase, cyclic ADP-ribose generating; ADP-ribosyl cyclase activity; cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase; NAD+ nucleosidase activity; phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity;
Cellular component	anchored component of membrane; extracellular exosome; membrane; uropod; extracellular region; integrin complex; extrinsic component of membrane; specific granule membrane; plasma membrane;
Biological process	regulation of cell-matrix adhesion; regulation of cellular extravasation; C-terminal protein lipidation; humoral immune response; signal transduction; positive regulation of cell population proliferation; NAD metabolic process; regulation of actin cytoskeleton organization; neutrophil degranulation; regulation of inflammatory response; regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation; regulation of calcium-mediated signaling; regulation of neutrophil chemotaxis; regulation of superoxide metabolic process; regulation of integrin-mediated signaling pathway; positive regulation of B cell proliferation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	683
	12182
	ENSG00000109743
	ENSMUSG00000029082
	Q10588
	Q64277
	NM_004334
	NM_009763
	NP_004325
	NP_033893
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Bst1 (Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1, ADP-ribosyl cyclase 2, CD157) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BST1 gene.^[5]^[6]^[7] CD157 is a paralog of CD38, both of which are located on chromosome 4 (4p15) in humans.^[8]

Bst1 is a stromal cell line-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule that facilitates pre-B-cell growth. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits 33% similarity with CD38. BST1 expression is enhanced in bone marrow stromal cell lines derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The polyclonal B-cell abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis may be, at least in part, attributed to BST1 overexpression in the stromal cell population.^[7]

CD157 and CD38 are both members of the ADP-ribosyl cyclase family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of nicotinamide and adenosine diphosphate ribose (ADPR) or cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) from NAD+, although CD157 is a much weaker catalyst than CD38.^[9]^[10]^[11] cADPR is required for regulation of Ca²⁺ in cells.^[10] Only CD38 hydrolyzed cADPR to ADPR.^[11] CD38 is widely expressed in tissues, whereas CD157 is primarily found in gut and lymphoid tissue.^[11]

CD157 has an important role in controlling the migration of leukocytes, the adhesion of leukocytes to blood vessel walls, and the passage of leukocytes through blood vessel walls.^[8]

CD157 contributes to macrophage killing of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria responsible for tuberculosis.^[12]

CD157 is highly expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, and is being evaluated as a diagnostic sign, as a treatment target, and as a means of monitoring treatment progress.^[13]

BST1 and BST2 genes are unregulated by the Nicotinamide (NAM) metabolism pathway.^[14]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000109743 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000029082 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Ferrero E, Lo Buono N, Morone S, Parrotta R (2017). "Human canonical CD157/Bst1 is an alternatively spliced isoform masking a previously unidentified primate-specific exon included in a novel transcript". Scientific Reports. 7 (1) 15923: 159231. Bibcode:2017NatSR...715923F. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-16184-w. PMC 5698419. PMID 29162908.
^ Kaisho T, Ishikawa J, Oritani K, Inazawa J, Tomizawa H, Muraoka O, Ochi T, Hirano T (Jul 1994). "BST-1, a surface molecule of bone marrow stromal cell lines that facilitates pre-B-cell growth". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 91 (12): 5325–9. Bibcode:1994PNAS...91.5325K. doi:10.1073/pnas.91.12.5325. PMC 43987. PMID 8202488.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: BST1 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 1".
^ ^a ^b Quarona V, Zaccarello G, Chillemi A (2013). "CD38 and CD157: a long journey from activation markers to multifunctional molecules". Cytometry Part B. 84 (4): 207–217. doi:10.1002/cyto.b.21092. hdl:2318/134656. PMID 23576305. S2CID 205732787.
^ Higashida H, Hashii M, Tanaka Y, Matsukawa S (2019). "CD38, CD157, and RAGE as Molecular Determinants for Social Behavior". Cells. 9 (1): 62. doi:10.3390/cells9010062. PMC 7016687. PMID 31881755.
^ ^a ^b Malavasi F, Deaglio S, Funaro A, Ferrero E, Horenstein AL, Ortolan E, Vaisitti T, Aydin S (2008). "Evolution and function of the ADP ribosyl cyclase/CD38 gene family in physiology and pathology". Physiological Reviews. 88 (3): 841–886. doi:10.1152/physrev.00035.2007. PMID 18626062.
^ ^a ^b ^c Rajman L, Chwalek K, Sinclair DA (2018). "Therapeutic Potential of NAD-Boosting Molecules: The In Vivo Evidence". Cell Metabolism. 27 (3): 529–547. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.02.011. PMC 6342515. PMID 29514064.
^ Glaría E, Valled AF (2020). "Roles of CD38 in the Immune Response to Infection". Cells. 9 (1): 228. doi:10.3390/cells9010228. PMC 7017097. PMID 31963337.
^ Yakymiv Y, Augeri S, Fissolo G, Peola S (2019). "CD157: From Myeloid Cell Differentiation Marker to Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemi". Cells. 8 (12): 1580. doi:10.3390/cells8121580. PMC 6952987. PMID 31817547.
^ Jung J, Kim LJ, Wang X, Wu Q, Sanvoranart T, Hubert CG, Prager BC, Wallace LC, Jin X, Mack SC, Rich JN (May 2017). "Nicotinamide metabolism regulates glioblastoma stem cell maintenance". JCI Insight. 2 (10). doi:10.1172/jci.insight.90019. PMC 5436539. PMID 28515364.

External links

Human BST1 genome location and BST1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: Q10588 (Human ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cyclic ADP-ribose hydrolase 2) at the PDBe-KB.