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ALCAM
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	5A2F
Identifiers
Aliases	ALCAM, CD166, MEMD, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule
External IDs	OMIM: 601662; MGI: 1313266; HomoloGene: 1229; GeneCards: ALCAM; OMA:ALCAM - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 3 (human)
End	105,576,900 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 16 (mouse)
End	52,274,437 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	bronchial epithelial cell; ; mucosa of paranasal sinus; ; endothelial cell; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; pars reticulata; ; corpus callosum; ; visceral pleura; ; external globus pallidus; ; pars compacta; ; trigeminal ganglion;
	Top expressed in
	olfactory tubercle; ; vas deferens; ; right lung lobe; ; left lung lobe; ; stria vascularis; ; nucleus accumbens; ; anterior amygdaloid area; ; globus pallidus; ; ventromedial nucleus; ; lateral septal nucleus;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; signaling receptor binding; identical protein binding;
Cellular component	integral component of membrane; cell projection; membrane; focal adhesion; intrinsic component of plasma membrane; plasma membrane; integral component of plasma membrane; T cell receptor complex; extracellular region; axon; soma; dendrite; immunological synapse; extracellular exosome; external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	heterophilic cell-cell adhesion via plasma membrane cell adhesion molecules; adaptive immune response; immune system process; neuron projection extension; cell adhesion; motor neuron axon guidance; axon extension involved in axon guidance; signal transduction; retinal ganglion cell axon guidance; axon guidance;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	214
	11658
	ENSG00000170017
	ENSMUSG00000022636
	Q13740
	Q61490
	NM_001627; NM_001243280; NM_001243281; NM_001243283
	NM_009655; NM_001331110
	NP_001230209; NP_001230210; NP_001230212; NP_001618
	NP_001318039; NP_033785
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

CD166 antigen is a 100-105 kD typeI transmembrane glycoprotein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins. In humans it is encoded by the ALCAM gene.^[5]^[6] It is also called CD166 (cluster of differentiation 166), MEMD,^[7] SC-1/DM-GRASP/BEN in the chicken, and KG-CAM in the rat.

Some literature sources have also cited it as the CD6 ligand (CD6L). It is expressed on activated T cells, activated monocytes, epithelial cells, fibroblasts, neurons, melanoma cells, and also in sweat and sebaceous glands.^{[citation needed]} CD166 protein expression is reported to be upregulated in a cell line deriving from a metastasizing melanom--a.^[7] CD166 plays an important role in mediating adhesion interactions between thymic epithelial cells and CD6+ cells during intrathymic T cell development.^{[citation needed]}

Recently, CD166 has also been used as a potential cancer stem cell marker.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170017 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000022636 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Bowen MA, Patel DD, Li X, Modrell B, Malacko AR, Wang WC, Marquardt H, Neubauer M, Pesando JM, Francke U, et al. (Jun 1995). "Cloning, mapping, and characterization of activated leukocyte-cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), a CD6 ligand". J Exp Med. 181 (6): 2213–20. doi:10.1084/jem.181.6.2213. PMC 2192054. PMID 7760007.
^ "Entrez Gene: ALCAM activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule".
^ ^a ^b Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.

Whitney GS, Starling GC, Bowen MA, et al. (1995). "The membrane-proximal scavenger receptor cysteine-rich domain of CD6 contains the activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule binding site". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (31): 18187–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.31.18187. PMID 7543097.
Bajorath J, Bowen MA, Aruffo A (1996). "Molecular model of the N-terminal receptor-binding domain of the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Protein Sci. 4 (8): 1644–7. doi:10.1002/pro.5560040822. PMC 2143187. PMID 8520490.
Skonier JE, Bowen MA, Emswiler J, et al. (1996). "Recognition of diverse proteins by members of the immunoglobulin superfamily: delineation of the receptor binding site in the human CD6 ligand ALCAM". Biochemistry. 35 (38): 12287–91. doi:10.1021/bi961038k. PMID 8823162.
Singer NG, Mitra R, Lialios F, et al. (1998). "CD6 dependent interactions of T cells and keratinocytes: functional evidence for a second CD6 ligand on gamma-interferon activated keratinocytes". Immunol. Lett. 58 (1): 9–14. doi:10.1016/S0165-2478(97)02707-7. PMID 9436462.
Degen WG, van Kempen LC, Gijzen EG, et al. (1998). "MEMD, a new cell adhesion molecule in metastasizing human melanoma cell lines, is identical to ALCAM (activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule)". Am. J. Pathol. 152 (3): 805–13. PMC 1858405. PMID 9502422.
Cortés F, Deschaseaux F, Uchida N, et al. (1999). "HCA, an immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecule present on the earliest human hematopoietic precursor cells, is also expressed by stromal cells in blood-forming tissues". Blood. 93 (3): 826–37. doi:10.1182/blood.V93.3.826. PMID 9920831.
Tomita K, van Bokhoven A, Jansen CF, et al. (2000). "Coordinate recruitment of E-cadherin and ALCAM to cell-cell contacts by alpha-catenin". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 267 (3): 870–4. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1999.2040. PMID 10673383.
van Kempen LC, Nelissen JM, Degen WG, et al. (2001). "Molecular basis for the homophilic activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM)-ALCAM interaction". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (28): 25783–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.M011272200. hdl:2066/143807. PMID 11306570.
Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
Kristiansen G, Pilarsky C, Wissmann C, et al. (2003). "ALCAM/CD166 is up-regulated in low-grade prostate cancer and progressively lost in high-grade lesions". Prostate. 54 (1): 34–43. doi:10.1002/pros.10161. PMID 12481253. S2CID 22749852.
Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R (2003). "Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry". Nat. Biotechnol. 21 (6): 660–6. doi:10.1038/nbt827. PMID 12754519. S2CID 581283.
Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, et al. (2003). "Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166)". J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 88 (7): 3437–43. doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021888. PMID 12843199.
Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
van Kempen LC, Meier F, Egeblad M, et al. (2004). "Truncation of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule: a gateway to melanoma metastasis". J. Invest. Dermatol. 122 (5): 1293–301. doi:10.1111/j.0022-202X.2004.22531.x. PMID 15140234.
Zimmerman AW, Nelissen JM, van Emst-de Vries SE, et al. (2005). "Cytoskeletal restraints regulate homotypic ALCAM-mediated adhesion through PKCalpha independently of Rho-like GTPases". J. Cell Sci. 117 (Pt 13): 2841–52. doi:10.1242/jcs.01139. hdl:2066/57147. PMID 15169840.
Ikeda K, Quertermous T (2005). "Molecular isolation and characterization of a soluble isoform of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule that modulates endothelial cell function". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (53): 55315–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M407776200. PMID 15496415.
Verma A, Shukla NK, Deo SV, et al. (2005). "MEMD/ALCAM: a potential marker for tumor invasion and nodal metastasis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma". Oncology. 68 (4–6): 462–70. doi:10.1159/000086989. PMID 16024937. S2CID 25355369.
Lunter PC, van Kilsdonk JW, van Beek H, et al. (2005). "Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166/MEMD), a novel actor in invasive growth, controls matrix metalloproteinase activity". Cancer Res. 65 (19): 8801–8. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-0378. PMID 16204050.
Liu T, Qian WJ, Gritsenko MA, et al. (2006). "Human plasma N-glycoproteome analysis by immunoaffinity subtraction, hydrazide chemistry, and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070–80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952.

External links

ALCAM at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Human ALCAM genome location and ALCAM gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.