Тербий

Тербий
Тербий – сребристо-бял метал
Тербий – сребристо-бял метал
Сребристо-бял метал
Спектрални линии на тербий
Спектрални линии на тербий
ГадолинийТербийДиспросий


Tb

Bk
Периодична система
Общи данни
Име, символ, ZТербий, Tb, 65
Група, период, блок–, 6f
Химическа сериялантанид
Електронна конфигурация[Xe] 4f9 6s2
e- на енергийно ниво2, 8, 18, 27, 8, 2
CAS номер7440-27-9
Свойства на атома
Атомна маса158,92535 u
Атомен радиус (изч.)175 (225) pm
Ковалентен радиус194±5 pm
Степен на окисление4, 3, 2, 1
ОксидTb2O3 (слабо основен)
Електроотрицателност
(Скала на Полинг)
1,2
Йонизационна енергияI: 565,8 kJ/mol
II: 1110 kJ/mol
III: 2114 kJ/mol
IV: 3839 kJ/mol
Физични свойства
Агрегатно състояниетвърдо вещество
Кристална структурашестоъгълна плътноопакована
Плътност8230 kg/m3
Температура на топене1629 K (1356 °C)
Температура на кипене3396 K (3123 °C)
Моларен обем19,33×10-6 m3/mol
Специф. топлина на топене10,15 kJ/mol
Специф. топлина на изпарение391 kJ/mol
Налягане на парата
P (Pa) 1 10 102 103 104 105
T (K) 1789 1979 2201 2505 2913 3491
Скорост на звука2620 m/s при 20 °C
Специф. топл. капацитет182 J/(kg·K)
Специф. електропроводимост8,3×105 S/m при 25 °C
Специф. ел. съпротивление1,15 Ω.mm2/m при 25 °C
Топлопроводимост11,1 W/(m·K)
Магнетизъм1: феромагнитен;
2: антиферомагнитен;
3: парамагнитен
Модул на еластичност55,7 GPa
Модул на срязване22,1 GPa
Модул на свиваемост38,7 GPa
Коефициент на Поасон0,261
Твърдост по Моос2,33
Твърдост по Викерс450 – 865 MPa
Твърдост по Бринел675 – 1200 MPa
История
Наименуванна Итребю, Швеция
ОткритиеКарл Мосандер
(1842 г.)
Най-дълготрайни изотопи
Изотоп ИР ПП ТР ПР
157Tb синт. 71 г. ε 157Gd
158Tb синт. 180 г. β- 158Dy
ε 158Gd
159Tb 100 % стабилен

Тербий е химичен елемент в периодичната система на елементите с атомен номер 65.

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