Скала на Моос

Ска̀лата на Моос служи за определяне на относителната твърдост на минералите. Създадена е от Фридрих Моос през 1812 г. В нея десет еталонни минерала са подредени според способността на всеки да драска стоящите пред него и да бъде драскан от стоящите след него в ска̀лата.[1]

Степените в ска̀лата на Моос показват относителната твърдост. Например по абсолютна твърдост диамантът (10-а степен) е 4 пъти по-твърд от корунда (9-а степен) и 8 пъти по-твърд от топаза (8-а степен). За постигане на по-голяма точност при измерванията се използват и дробни степени. Например доломитът, който драска калцита, но не и флуорита, има твърдост 3½, нокътят – 2½, стъклото – 5½, стоманата – 6½.[2]

Основни закономерности

Твърдостта на минералите:

Таблица на Моос

Твърдост по Моос Минерал Абсолютна твърдост Снимка
1 Талк (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) 1
2 Гипс (CaSO4·2H2O) 3
3 Калцит (CaCO3) 9
4 Флуорит (CaF2) 21
5 Апатит (Ca5(PO4)3(OH-,Cl-,F-)) 48
6 Ортоклаз (KAlSi3O8) 72
7 Кварц (SiO2) 100
8 Топаз (Al2SiO4(OH-,F-)2) 200
9 Корунд (Al2O3) 400
10 Диамант (C) 1600

Източници

  1. ↑ Костов, Иван. Минералогия. София, Техника, 1993. с. 140.
  2. ↑ Токмакчиева, Маргарита. Минералогия (електронен учебник). с. 54 – 56. Архив на оригинала от 2016-03-06 в Wayback Machine.

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