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The Otí language, also known as Chavante or Euchavante, is a language isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between the Peixe and Pardo rivers.[1] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century, and the last ethnic Oti died in 1988.[2] Only a few word lists are preserved.[3]
Greenberg classified Oti as a Macro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.[4]
History
The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they were Kaingang.[5] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.[6] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east of Indiana and east of Presidente Prudente, between the Peixe and Paranapanema rivers, and one in Platina, some 50 km northwest of Ourinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.[7]
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968)
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[8]
gloss
Otí
hand
insua
fire
úgide
stone
racha
sun
isken
moon
kuyade
earth
biroa
jaguar
kuatá
fish
eredehe
house
gobx
bow
iñesteku
Nikulin (2020)
Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),[9]: 78–79 cited from Quadros (1892),[10] Borba (1908: 73–76),[11] and Ihering (1912: 8).[12] For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the corresponding Portuguese article.
Portuguese gloss (original)
English gloss (translated)
Otí
cabeça
head
ursube; ufúbe
cabelo
hair
eteche; naôdj
olho
eye
acli, athli
orelha
ear
aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a
nariz
nose
assondlaibe; sonduái
dente
tooth
vê; ûa
boca
mouth
afót
peito
chest
instúa
mão
hand
insua
pé
foot
jube; fum
sangue
blood
astaete
água
water
ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede
fogo
fire
iná; achô; úgide
árvore
tree
tajane
terra
earth
biroa
pedra
stone
rátcha
chuva
rain
chanin; béia
sente-se!
sit down!
roiábe
deite fora! (?)
throw it away! (?)
bója
References
^Lyle Campbell, 1997. American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN0195094271
^Quadros, F. R. E. Memoria sobre os trabalhos de exploração e observação efetuada pela secção da comissão militar encarregada da linha telegráfica de Uberaba a Cuiabá, de fevereiro a junho de 1889. Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brasileiro, Rio de Janeiro, v. 55, n. 1, p. 233–260, 1892.
^Borba, T. Actualidade Indígena (Paraná, Brazil). Curitiba: Impressora Paranaense, 1908. 171 pp.
^Ihering, H. von. A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de las Actas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.