Perang Soviet–Jepun (Rusia: Советско-японская войнаcode: ru is deprecated ; Jepun: ソ連対日参戦, rumi: soren tai nichi sansen, lit. 'Kesatuan Soviet memasuki perang menentang Jepun'code: ja is deprecated ), dikenali di Mongolia sebagai Perang Pembebasan 1945 (Bahasa Mongolia: 1945 оны чөлөөлөх дайнcode: mn is deprecated ) adalah konflik ketenteraan dalam Perang Dunia II bermula sejurus tengah malam pada 9 Ogos 1945, dengan pencerobohan Soviet terhadap negara bonekaManchukuoJepun. Pihak Soviet dan Mongolia mengakhiri penguasaan Jepun ke atas Manchukuo, Mengjiang (Mongolia Dalam), utara Korea, Karafuto, dan Kepulauan Chishima (Kepulauan Kuril). Kekalahan Tentera Kwantung Jepun membawa kepada penyerahan kalah Jepun dan penamatan Perang Dunia II.[12][13] Penyertaan Soviet ke dalam perang merupakan faktor penting dalam kerajaan Jepun membuat keputusan untuk menyerah kalah tanpa syarat, kerana jelas menunjukkan bahawa Soviet Union tidak bersedia untuk bertindak sebagai pihak ketiga dalam merundingkan penghentian peperangan pada terma bersyarat.[1][2][14][15][16][17][18][19]
^According to statistics compiled in 1964 by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare's Relief Bureau, by 22 August 1945 there were 665,500 military personnel remaining in Manchuria, 335,900 in Korea, and 91,000 in Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands, and the Aleutian Islands. These numbers do not appear to factor in casualties incurred during the Soviet-Japanese War, because the total for Army personnel in Manchuria, 664,000, almost exactly corresponds to the total given in JM-155 for the Kwantung Army minus the 34th Army in Korea, 663,625.
^There were an additional 8 Japanese aircraft involved in the Battle of Shumshu.
^41,199 is the listed total of Japanese soldiers in Soviet custody on 19 August, two days after the surrender of the Kwantung Army by order of Hirohito and four days after Hirohito announced the surrender of Japan. Post-war, 594,000 to 609,000 Japanese soldiers ended up in Soviet custody.
^ abGlantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN0-7006-0899-0, p. 378
^Glantz, David M. & House, Jonathan (1995), When Titans Clashed: How the Red Army Stopped Hitler, Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas, ISBN0-7006-0899-0, p. 300
^G. F. Krivosheev, ed., "Russia and the USSR in twentieth century wars: A statistical survey". Moscow: Olma-press, 2001, page 309.
^JM-154 p. 69, JM-155 pp.266-267. According to page 69 of JM-154, First Area Army suffered approximately 40,000 total battle casualties, of whom 14,508 were killed in action (JM-155 pp.266-67). Applying this proportion (~36.25%) to the total of 21,389 KIAs suffered by the Kwantung Army in Manchuria and 700 to 2,000 deaths on Sakhalin, plus 190 dead and 400 wounded on Shumshu Island gives an approximate total of 40,000 WIAs for the entire campaign.
^Cherevko, Kirill Evgen'evich (2003). Serp i Molot protiv Samurayskogo Mecha. Moscow: Veche. ISBN5-94538-328-7. Page 41.
^Robert James Maddox, Hiroshima in History: The Myths of Revisionism, University of Missouri Press, 2007 ISBN978-0-8262-1732-5.
^Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Hasegawa2006
Bacaan lanjut
Despres, J, Dzirkals, L, et al. (1976). Timely Lessons of History : The Manchurian Model for Soviet Strategy. Santa Monica, RAND: 103. (available on-line)
Duara, P. (2006). The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective. Japan Focus.
Garthoff, R L. (1966). Soviet Military Policy : A Historical Analysis. London, Faber and Faber.
Garthoff, R L. (1969). The Soviet Manchurian Campaign, August 1945. Military Affairs XXXIII(Oct 1969): 312–336.
Glantz, David M. (1995) The Soviet Invasion of Japan. Quarterly Journal of Military History, vol. 7, no. 3, Spring 1995.
Glantz, David M. (2003). The Soviet Strategic Offensive in Manchuria, 1945 (Cass Series on Soviet (Russian) Military Experience, 7). Routledge. ISBN0-7146-5279-2.
Gordin, Michael D. (2005). Five Days in August: How World War II Became a Nuclear War. (Extracts on-line)
Hallman, A L. (1995). Battlefield Operational Functions and the Soviet Campaign against Japan in 1945. Quantico, Virginia, United States Marine Corps Command and Staff College. (available on-line)
Hasegawa, T. (Ed.) (2007). The End of the Pacific War. (Extracts on-line)
Ishiwatari, H, Mizumachi, K, et al. (1946) No.77 – Japanese Preparations for Operations in Manchuria (prior to 1943). Tokyo, Military History Section, Headquarters, Army Forces Far East, US Army.
Jowett, Phillip (2005). Rays of the Rising Sun: Japan's Asian Allies 1931–45 Volume 1: China and Manchukuo. Helion and Company Ltd. ISBN1-874622-21-3.
Phillips, S. (2004). The Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945 : The Military Struggle – Research Guide and Bibliography. Towson University. available on-line
USMCU CSC (1986). The Soviet Army Offensive : Manchuria, 1945. (US Marine Corps University, Command and Staff College – available on-line)
Walg, A. J. (March–April 1997). "Wings over the Steppe: Aerial Warfare in Mongolia 1930–1945, Part Three". Air Enthusiast. No. 68. m/s. 70–73. ISSN0143-5450.
Monograf Jepun
The "Japanese Monographs" and the "Japanese Studies on Manchuria" – The 187 Japan Monographs are a series of operational histories written by former officers of the Japanese army and navy under the direction of General Headquarters of the U.S. Far East Command.
Monographs of particular relevance to Manchuria are:
No. 77 Japanese preparations for Operations in Manchuria (1931–1942)
No. 78 The Kwangtung Army in the Manchurian Campaign (1941–1945) Plans and Preparations
No. 119 Outline of Operations prior to the Termination of War and activities connected with the Cessation of Hostilities (July – August 1945)
No. 138 Japanese preparations for Operations in Manchuria (January 1943 – August 1945)
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