Kanamicina

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Kanamicina
Nome IUPAC
2-(aminometil)- 6-[4,6-diamino-3- [4-amino-3,5-diidrossi-6-(idrossimetil) tetraidroiran-2-ol]ossi- 2-idrossi- cicloesossi]- tetraidropiran- 3,4,5-triolo
Caratteristiche generali
Massa molecolare (u)484,499 g/mol
Numero EINECS232-512-7
Codice ATCA07AA08
Dati farmacologici
Modalità di
somministrazione		Orale, intravenosa, intramuscolare
Dati farmacocinetici
Emivita2,5 ore
EscrezioneRenale
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Simboli di rischio chimico
tossico a lungo termine
pericolo
Frasi H360
Consigli P201 - 308+313 [1]
Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale

La kanamicina, o canamicina, è un antibiotico che appartiene alla famiglia degli amminoglicosidi.

Indicazioni

Utilizzato contro infezioni gravi quando si osserva resistenza agli antibatterici.

Meccanismo di azione

[2]1) agisce su subunita 30s dei ribosomi procarioti;

2) entra attraverso le porine danneggiando la parete;

3) necessita di trasporto attivo ATP dipendente per penetrare (funziona in cellule vitali aerobie);

4) aumenta stress ossidativo;

5) induce errori di trascrizione.

Controindicazioni

Controindicato in pazienti con insufficienza renale o ipersensibilità nota al farmaco.

Effetti indesiderati

Fra gli effetti collaterali più frequenti si riscontrano nausea, nefrotossicità, senso di vomito, ototossicità vestibolare e uditiva. In seguito a un'eccessiva assunzione di kanamicina, si verifica un danno quasi esclusivo alle cellule ciliate esterne[3].

Note

  1. ^ Sigma Aldrich; rev. del 26.10.2012, riferita al solfato
  2. ^
  3. ^ Mark F. Bear, B. W. (2007). Neuroscienze, esplorando il cervello. Milano: Elsevier Masson S.R.L.

Bibliografia

  • Douglas M. Anderson, A. Elliot Michelle, Mosby’s medical, nursing, & Allied Health Dictionary, 6ª ed., New York, Piccin, 2004, ISBN 88-299-1716-8.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

  Portale Chimica

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