Ceftobiprolo

Ceftobiprolo
Nomi alternativi
Zevtera, Mabelio
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC20H22N8O6S2
Numero CAS209467-52-7
Numero EINECS606-675-3
PubChem135413542 e 138319339
DrugBankDBDB04918
SMILES
C1CNCC1N2CCC(=CC3=C(N4C(C(C4=O)NC(=O)C(=NO)C5=NSC(=N5)N)SC3)C(=O)O)C2=O
Indicazioni di sicurezza

Il ceftobiprolo è una cefalosporina di quinta generazione[1] per il trattamento della polmonite acquisita in ospedale (esclusa la polmonite associata al ventilatore) e della polmonite acquisita in comunità. È commercializzato da Basilea Pharmaceutica nel Regno Unito, Germania, Svizzera e Austria con il nome commerciale "Zevtera", in Francia e in Italia con il nome commerciale "Mabelio"[2].

Come altre cefalosporine, il ceftobiprolo esercita la sua attività antibatterica legandosi alle proteine leganti la penicillina e inibendo la loro attività transpeptidasica, essenziale per la sintesi delle pareti cellulari batteriche.

Il ceftobiprolo ha un'elevata affinità per la proteina 2a legante la penicillina dei ceppi di Staphylococcus aureus meticillino-resistenti (MRSA) e mantiene la sua attività contro i ceppi che esprimono forme alternative del gene mecA (mecC o mecALGA251). Il ceftobiprolo si lega anche alla proteina legante la penicillina 2b in Streptococcus pneumoniae (a sensibilità intermedia alla penicillina), alla proteina legante la penicillina 2x in Streptococcus pneumoniae (resistente alla penicillina) e alla proteina 5 legante la penicillina in Enterococcus faecalis[3].

Microbiologia

Il ceftobiprolo ha mostrato attività antimicrobica in vitro contro un'ampia gamma di patogeni Gram-positivi e Gram-negativi. Tra i patogeni Gram-positivi, ceftobiprolo ha dimostrato una buona attività contro Staphylococcus aureus resistente alla meticillina, Staphylococcus aureus sensibile alla meticillina e stafilococchi coagulasi negativi, oltre che contro ceppi di Staphylococcus aureus resistente alla meticillina con suscettibilità ridotta a linezolid, daptomicina o vancomicina[4]. Il ceftobiprolo ha anche mostrato una potente attività contro Streptococcus pneumoniae (compresi i ceppi sensibili alla penicillina, resistenti alla penicillina e resistenti al ceftriaxone) e Enterococcus faecalis, ma non contro Enterococcus faecium. Per i patogeni Gram-negativi, il ceftobiprolo ha mostrato una buona attività in vitro contro Haemophilus influenzae (compresi isolati sensibili all'ampicillina e non sensibili all'ampicillina), Pseudomonas aeruginosa e ceppi di Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Proteus mirabilis che non producono beta-lattamasi a spettro esteso (ESBL). Come tutte le altre cefalosporine, il ceftobiprolo è inattivo contro i ceppi che producono beta-lattamasi a spettro esteso[5].

L'efficacia del ceftobiprolo è stata dimostrata in due ampi studi clinici randomizzati, in doppio cieco, di fase 3 in pazienti con polmonite acquisita in ospedale e acquisita in comunità. Ceftobiprolo è risultato non inferiore a ceftazidime più linezolid nel trattamento della polmonite acquisita in ospedale (esclusa la polmonite acquisita da ventilazione) e non inferiore a ceftriaxone con o senza linezolid nel trattamento della polmonite acquisita in comunità[6][7].

Farmacologia

Il ceftobiprolo è la parte attiva del profarmaco "ceftobiprolo medocaril" ed è disponibile solo per via endovenosa. La dose raccomandata è 500 mg in infusione di 2 ore, ogni 8 ore. Viene escreto principalmente per via renale. È necessario un aggiustamento della dose per i pazienti con insufficienza renale moderata o grave e per i pazienti con malattia renale allo stadio terminale, ma non è necessario alcun aggiustamento della dose per sesso, etnia o età, nei pazienti gravemente obesi o nei pazienti con insufficienza epatica[8].

Approvazioni normative

500 mg in polvere per soluzione

Ceftobiprolo è stato approvato per il trattamento di pazienti adulti con polmonite acquisita in ospedale (esclusa la polmonite da ventilatore) e polmonite acquisita in comunità in 12 paesi europei, Canada e Svizzera[9].

Sinonimi

  • RO0639141-000[10]
  • BAL9141[11]
  • Ceftobiprolo medocaril

Note

  1. ^ Thomas W. L. Scheeren, Ceftobiprole medocaril in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia, in Future Microbiology, vol. 10, n. 12, 1º gennaio 2015, pp. 1913–1928, DOI:10.2217/fmb.15.115, ISSN 1746-0921 (WC · ACNP), PMID 26573022.
  2. ^ Copia archiviata, su basilea.com. URL consultato il 20 settembre 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 31 marzo 2019).
  3. ^ Yahiya Y. Syed, Ceftobiprole medocaril: a review of its use in patients with hospital- or community-acquired pneumonia, in Drugs, vol. 74, n. 13, 1º settembre 2014, pp. 1523–1542, DOI:10.1007/s40265-014-0273-x, ISSN 0012-6667 (WC · ACNP), PMID 25117196.
  4. ^ Ceftobiprole: a review of a broad-spectrum and anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureuscephalosporin., in American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, vol. 9, 2008, pp. 245–54, DOI:10.2165/00128071-200809040-00004, PMID 18572975.
  5. ^ David J. Farrell, Robert K. Flamm e Helio S. Sader, Ceftobiprole activity against over 60,000 clinical bacterial pathogens isolated in Europe, Turkey, and Israel from 2005 to 2010, in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 58, n. 7, 1º luglio 2014, pp. 3882–3888, DOI:10.1128/AAC.02465-14, ISSN 1098-6596 (WC · ACNP), PMID 24777091.
  6. ^ David J. Farrell, Robert K. Flamm e Helio S. Sader, Activity of ceftobiprole against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin, linezolid or vancomycin, and strains with defined SCCmec types, in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 43, n. 4, 1º aprile 2014, pp. 323–327, DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.11.005, ISSN 1872-7913 (WC · ACNP), PMID 24411474.
  7. ^ Susan C. Nicholson, Tobias Welte e Thomas M. File, A randomised, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril with ceftriaxone with or without linezolid for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation, in International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, vol. 39, n. 3, 1º marzo 2012, pp. 240–246, DOI:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.11.005, ISSN 1872-7913 (WC · ACNP), PMID 22230331.
  8. ^ Samir S. Awad, Alejandro H. Rodriguez e Yin-Ching Chuang, A phase 3 randomized double-blind comparison of ceftobiprole medocaril versus ceftazidime plus linezolid for the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia, in Clinical Infectious Diseases, vol. 59, n. 1, 1º luglio 2014, pp. 51–61, DOI:10.1093/cid/ciu219, ISSN 1537-6591 (WC · ACNP), PMID 24723282.
  9. ^ Basilea Medical Ltd. Summary of Product Characteristics: Zevtera 500 mg powder for concentrate for solution for infusion. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency.http://www.mhra.gov.uk/spc
  10. ^ In vitro and in vivo properties of Ro63-9141, a novel broad-spectrum cephalosporin with activity against methicillin-resistant staphylococci, in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, vol. 45, n. 3, 2001, pp. 825–36, DOI:10.1128/AAC.45.3.825-836.2001, PMID 11181368.
  11. ^ In vitro evaluation of BAL9141, a novel parenteral cephalosporin active against oxacillin-resistant staphylococci, in Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol. 50, n. 6, 2002, pp. 915–932, DOI:10.1093/jac/dkf249, PMID 12461013.

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