Ribostamicina

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Ribostamicina
Nome IUPAC
(1R,2R,3S,4R,6S)-4,6-diamino-3-hydroxy-2-(β-D-ribofuranosyloxy)cyclohexyl 2,6-diamino-2,6-dideoxy-α-D-glucopyranoside
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC17H34N4O10
Massa molecolare (u)454.47266 g/mol
Numero CAS25546-65-0
Numero EINECS258-783-1
Codice ATCJ01GB10
PubChem5066 CID 5066
DrugBankDBDB03615
SMILES
C1C(C(C(C(C1N)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CN)O)O)N)OC3C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)N
Dati farmacologici
Modalità di
somministrazione
orale, intramuscolare
Dati farmacocinetici
Escrezionerenale
Indicazioni di sicurezza

La ribostamicina è un antibiotico aminoglicosidico solubile in acqua, ottenuto da Streptomyces ribosidificus od in alternativa per sintesi chimica.[1][2] La ribostamicina è in grado di inibire un'ampia varietà di batteri sia Gram-negativi che Gram-positivi, ma non è attiva su lieviti o muffe.[3] Ha le stesse proprietà e indicazioni della gentamicina, dalla quale si discosta solo per la presenza di un gruppo metilico -CH3. L'attività antibiotica sui batteri Gram-negativi è comparabile a quella della Kanamicina A.[3] L'attività antimicrobica del farmaco, sia in vitro che in vivo, è stata spesso paragonata a quella di altri aminoglicosidi, quali gentamicina, ampicillina e lincomicina.[4]

Storia

Il farmaco fu sintetizzato dalla azienda farmaceutica Takeda Pharmaceutical Industries. Durante i primi trial clinici fu denominato antibiotico SF-733.[1]

Tossicità

Il valore della DL50 endovenosa nel topo è di 225 mg/kg.[3]

Farmacocinetica

La ribostamicina è assorbita solo in minima parte se somministrata per os. Per tale motivo può essere impiegato per via orale nel trattamento delle diarree.
Somministrato per via intramuscolare viene escreto per il 90% tramite filtrazione glomerulare.

Usi clinici

Il farmaco venne utilizzato verso i batteri sensibili. Risultati positivi, che confermano la buona risposta in vitro, sono stati segnalati anche in vivo nel trattamento di infezioni dell'apparato respiratorio[5] e dell'apparato urinario sostenute da batteri Gram-negativi.[6]. Esistono inoltre esperienze di utilizzo della ribostamicina nel trattamento delle comuni infezioni della cute.[7] Può essere utilizzata nelle forme setticemiche sostenute da enterobatteri, condividendo con la amikacina lo spettro antibatterico.[8]

Effetti collaterali

Come altri antibiotici aminoglicosidici la ribostamicina può determinare oto e nefrotossicità.
Sulla base di alcuni studi sui ratti sarebbe possibile rilevare che la ribostamicina tende ad essere leggermente meno nefrotossica rispetto alla kanamicina e molto meno quando paragonata alla dibekacina[9]
L'ototossicità della ribostamicina in studi effettuati su cavie appare invece uguale od inferiore a quella della dactimicina ma più debole rispetto alla amikacina ed altri aminoglicosidi.[10][11]
Raramente il farmaco può determinare la comparsa di eritrodermia.[12]

Note

  1. ^ a b Akita E, Ito T, Tsuruoka T, Niida T, Synthesis of an aminocyclitol antibiotic, SF-733 (ribostamycin), in Antimicrob Agents Chemother (Bethesda), vol. 10, 1970, pp. 33–7, PMID 5521353.
  2. ^ Akita E, Tsuruoka T, Ezaki N, Niida T, Studies on antibiotic SF-733. A new antibiotic. II. Chemical structure of antibiotic SF-733, in J. Antibiot., vol. 23, n. 4, aprile 1970, pp. 173–83, PMID 5423362.
  3. ^ a b c Shomura T, Ezaki N, Tsuruoka T, Niwa T, Akita E, Studies on antibiotic SF-733, a new antibiotic. I. Taxonomy, isolation and characterization, in J. Antibiot., vol. 23, n. 3, marzo 1970, pp. 155–61, PMID 5453309.
  4. ^ Inouye S, Watanabe T, Kitasato I, Comparative antimicrobial activities of ribostamycin, gentamicin, ampicillin and lincomycin in vitro and in vivo, in Drugs Exp Clin Res, vol. 15, n. 10, 1989, pp. 465–76, PMID 2632215.
  5. ^ Zmajevich G, Masci V, Crismancich F, Stokelj R, Spacal B, [Effects of ribostamycin in bronchopulmonary affections], in G Clin Med, vol. 64, n. 7-8, 1983, pp. 278–83, PMID 6642111.
  6. ^ Abate G, Polimeni RM, Visani G, [Ribostamycin in chronic and recurrent bronchopulmonary and urinary infections], in Minerva Med., vol. 71, n. 4, febbraio 1980, pp. 279–85, PMID 7354947.
  7. ^ Sala GP, Albanese G, Crippa D, Beneggi M, Nicoletti A, [Clinical experiences with topical ribostamycin in the treatment of common skin infections], in G Ital Dermatol Venereol, vol. 122, n. 10, ottobre 1987, pp. XLV–XLVIII, PMID 3443457.
  8. ^ Yourassowsky E, Vander Linden MP, Antibacterial activity of ribostamycin on Enterobacteriaceae, in Arzneimittelforschung, vol. 26, n. 2, febbraio 1976, pp. 184–5, PMID 779802.
  9. ^ Kitasato I, Niizato T, Inouye S, Comparative nephrotoxicity of ribostamycin and gentamicin in rats evaluated by urinalysis, in Drugs Exp Clin Res, vol. 15, n. 6-7, 1989, pp. 273–89, PMID 2591299.
  10. ^ Yokota M, Sakamoto K, Inouye S, Akiyoshi M, Kitasato I, Ototoxic effects of a pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic, dactimicin, on the inner ears of guinea pigs, in Chemotherapy, vol. 35, n. 6, 1989, pp. 431–40, PMID 2612232.
  11. ^ Kitasato I, Yokota M, Inouye S, Igarashi M, Comparative ototoxicity of ribostamycin, dactimicin, dibekacin, kanamycin, amikacin, tobramycin, gentamicin, sisomicin and netilmicin in the inner ear of guinea pigs, in Chemotherapy, vol. 36, n. 2, 1990, pp. 155–68, PMID 2311443.
  12. ^ Puig LL, Abadias M, Alomar A, Erythroderma due to ribostamycin, in Contact Derm., vol. 21, n. 2, agosto 1989, pp. 79–82, PMID 2530055.

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