Tetroxoprim

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Tetroxoprim
Nome IUPAC
5-[3,5- dimethoxy- 4-(2- methoxyethoxy) benzyl] pyrimidine- 2,4- diamine
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC16H22N4O4
Massa molecolare (u)334,70 g/mol
Numero CAS53808-87-0
Numero EINECS258-789-4
PubChem65450 CID 65450
DrugBankDBDB15976
SMILES
COCCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1OC)CC2=CN=C(N=C2N)N)OC
Indicazioni di sicurezza

Il tetroxoprim è un inibitore della diidrofolato reduttasi[1] con spettro di attività simile al trimetoprim, ma meno efficace. È stato descritto per la prima volta nel 1979.[1] Viene impiegato come co-tetroxazina, miscela di tetroxoprim e sulfadiazina in rapporto 2:5 (è stato usato anche il tetroxoprim embonato). La co-tetroxazina ha proprietà simili a quelle del co-trimossazolo.[2]

Farmacocinetica

Dopo somministrazione per via orale di 80 mg il farmaco si distribuisce rapidamente nei tessuti biologici. L'emivita plasmatica media è di circa 5 ore. Dopo dosi ripetute di farmaco (160 mg ogni 12 ore) lo steady state si raggiunge in 24 ore.[3] Il farmaco viene eliminato prevalentemente per via renale.[3][4]

Tossicità

Il valore della dose letale nel ratto è di 1,357 g/kg per os.

Usi clinici

Il farmaco viene impiegata principalmente nel trattamento di infezioni delle alte e basse vie respiratorie: bronchiti acute,[5] riacutizzazioni in corso di bronchite cronica,[6] polmonite da Pneumocystis carinii.[7] Viene inoltre utilizzato nelle infezioni otorinolaringoiatriche: tonsilliti, otite media e sinusiti,[8] e nelle infezioni delle vie urinarie.[9][10][11][12]

Dosi terapeutiche

Sia per le infezioni delle vie urinarie che per le infezioni respiratorie la dose di attacco per via orale è di due compresse (700 mg), seguite da 1 compressa (350 mg) ogni 12 ore.

Effetti collaterali ed indesiderati

Tra gli effetti collaterali più frequenti si segnalano: rash cutanei, nausea, vomito, diarrea, discrasie ematiche correlate ad alterazioni del metabolismo dei folati.

Controindicazioni

Il farmaco è controindicato nei soggetti che presentano ipersensibilità al principio attivo, ai sulfamidici o al trimethoprim. Il farmaco è inoltre controindicato in gravidanza e nell'allattamento.

Interazioni

Il tetroxoprim prolunga il tempo di protrombina nei pazienti in terapia con gli anticoagulanti orali.

Note

  1. ^ a b HS. Aschhoff, H. Vergin, Tetroxoprim--a new inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 5, B, Nov 1979, pp. 19-25, PMID 43863.
  2. ^ H. Hahn, A. Kirov, [Antibacterial activity of co-trimoxazole and tetroxoprim/sulfadiazine in vitro (author's transl)]., in Arzneimittelforschung, vol. 30, n. 7, 1980, pp. 1047-8, PMID 7191284.
  3. ^ a b DS. Reeves, JM. Broughall; MJ. Bywater; HA. Holt; H. Vergin, Pharmacokinetics of tetroxoprim and sulphadiazine in human volunteers., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 5, B, Nov 1979, pp. 119-38, PMID 536337.
  4. ^ JH. Hengstmann, Pharmacokinetics of trimethoprim and tetroxoprim. A review., in Antibiot Chemother, vol. 31, 1982, pp. 211-25, PMID 7036848.
  5. ^ A. Pines, H. Raafat, A comparative clinical trial of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine and ampicillin in the treatment of purulent bronchial infections., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 5, B, Nov 1979, pp. 201-5, PMID 395148.
  6. ^ MG. Gambaro, P. Genoni; D. Berra, A sulfadiazine-tetroxoprim combination (co-tetroxazine) in the treatment of the acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, in Minerva Med, vol. 79, n. 7, luglio 1988, pp. 563-8, PMID 3043259.
  7. ^ Z. Hussain, ML. Carlson; ID. Craig; R. Lannigan, Efficacy of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in rats., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 15, n. 5, maggio 1985, pp. 575-8, PMID 3874200.
  8. ^ H. Frühwald, M. Köhler; C. Rieder; W. Weigand, [Clinical evaluation of co-tetroxazine in acute purulent sinusitis and acute tonsillitis in a double-blind comparison]., in Wien Klin Wochenschr, vol. 96, n. 6, marzo 1984, pp. 219-25, PMID 6377712.
  9. ^ DS. Reeves, AJ. Bint; R. Bowman; DW. Bullock; PJ. Elliott; CE. Hinton; D. Honeybourne; Z. Mojaddedi; RR. Slade; PJ. Wilkinson, Open and comparative treatment studies with tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine combinations in urinary infections (1975--1979)., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 5, B, Nov 1979, pp. 179-88, PMID 395147.
  10. ^ H. Ferber, KH. Ahrens; W. Haase, A short-term study of tetroxoprim/sulphadiazine in the treatment of acute bronchitis and urinary tract infections., in J Antimicrob Chemother, vol. 5, B, novembre 1979, pp. 231-5, PMID 395150.
  11. ^ H. Helwig, M. Köhler; W. Weigand, Treatment of urinary tract infections in childhood with Co-tetroxazin, in ZFA (Stuttgart), vol. 59, n. 11, Apr 1983, pp. 667-71, PMID 6344479.
  12. ^ P. Burchardt, V. Biernat; H. Bürger, [One-time therapy of urinary tract infections with Sterinor]., in MMW Munch Med Wochenschr, vol. 125, n. 10, marzo 1983, pp. 199-200, PMID 6405209.

Bibliografia

  • J.K. Seydel, E. Wempe, Chemotherapy 26, 361, 1980

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