Estados membros da Unión Europea

A Unión Europea (UE) comprende 27 estados membros. Cada estado membro forma parte dos tratados fundacionais da unión, e polo tanto, está suxeito ós privilexios e obrigacións da adhesión. Ó contrario que moitas organizacións internacionais, os estados membros da Unión Europea sométense ás leis da unión en troques da representación nas institucións lexislativas e xudiciais comúns. Os estados membros deben acordar unanimamente coa UE a adopción de políticas relativas a defensa e asuntos externos.[1] A subsidiaridade é un piar fundamental da Unión Europea.

En 1957, a Europa dos seis fundou o predecesor da Unión Europea, a Comunidade Económica Europea (Bélxica, Francia, Italia, Luxemburgo, os Países Baixos e a República Federal Alemá). Os outros estados accederon a través de incorporacións posteriores. O 1 de xullo de 2013, Croacia converteuse no máis novo estado membro da Unión Europea. Para poder ingresar, un estado debe cumprir un requirimentos económicos e políticos coñecidos como Criterios de Copenhaguen, que inclúen ter un goberno democrático e de mercado libre, xunto coas liberdades e institucións, alén do respecto polo imperio da lei. O alongamento da Unión tamén depende do consentimento de tódolos membros e da adopción do candidato das leis comunitarias, coñecidas como acquis communautaire.

Existe disparidade de tamaño, riqueza e sistema político entre os estados membros, mais todos teñen os mesmos dereitos. Mentres que nalgunhas áreas a maioría dos votos prodúcense contando cos países que teñen unha poboación maior, os estados pequenos teñen unha representación desproporcionada comparada coa súa poboación. Ningún estado membro abandonou ou foi suspendido da UE, aínda que algúns territorios dependentes ou áreas semi-autónomas si abandonaron.

Lista

Nome do país Armas Bandeira Capital Entrada
 Poboación
 Área (km²)
 PIB
(Millóns de US$) 		PIB per cap.
(PPP) 		Moeda
 Gini
 IDH
 Votos no
Consello 		Asentos
no PE 		Linguas Territorios
Alemaña Alemaña Berlín 1957Fundador[2] 700781089331000000081.089.331[3] 7005357021000000000357.021 70063874437000000003.874.437 700146895000000000046,895[4] euro 7002283000000000000283[5] 70029200000000000000.920[6] 29 96 Alemán –
Austria Austria Viena 1995 70068581500000000008.581.500[3] 700483855000000000083.855 7005437582000000000437.582 700147031000000000047,031[4] euro 7002291000000000000291[5] 70028950000000000000.895[6] 10 18 Alemán –
Bélxica Bélxica Bruxelas 1957Fundador 700711258434000000011.258.434[3] 700430528000000000030.528 7005534230000000000534.230 700143800000000000043,800[4] euro 7002330000000000000330[5] 70028970000000000000.897[6] 12 21 Neerlandés
Francés
Alemán 		–
Bulgaria Bulgaria Sofía 2007 70067202198000000007.202.198[3] 7005110994000000000110.994 700455824000000000055.824 700118326000000000018,326[4] lev 7002292000000000000292[5] 70027820000000000000.782[6] 10 17 Búlgaro –
República Checa República Checa Praga 2004 700710419743000000010.419.743[3] 700478866000000000078.866 7005205270000000000205.270 700130895000000000030,895[4] coroa 7002258000000000000258[5] 70028730000000000000.873[6] 12 21 Checo –
Chipre Chipre Nicosia 2004 7005847008000000000847.008[3] 70039251000000000009.251 700423263000000000023.263 700130769000000000030,769[4] euro 7002312000000000000312[5] 70028480000000000000.848[6] 4 6 Grego
Turco
2
Croacia Croacia Zagreb 2013 70064225316000000004.225.316[3] 700456594000000000056.594 700457073000000000057.073 700121169000000000021,169[4] kuna 700129000000000000029[5] 70028050000000000000.805[6] 7 11 Croata –
Dinamarca Dinamarca Copenhague 1973 70065653357000000005.653.357[3] 700443075000000000043.075 7005342362000000000342.362 700145451000000000045,451[4] coroa 7002247000000000000247[5] 70029010000000000000.901[6] 7 13 Dinamarqués
2
Eslovaquia Eslovaquia Bratislava 2004 70065403134000000005.403.134[3] 700449035000000000049.035 700499869000000000099.869 700129209000000000029,209[4] euro 7002258000000000000258[5] 70028400000000000000.840[6] 7 13 Eslovaco –
Eslovenia Eslovenia Liubliana 2004 70062062874000000002.062.874[3] 700420273000000000020.273 700449570000000000049.570 700130508000000000030,508[4] euro 7002312000000000000312[5] 70028920000000000000.892[6] 4 8 Esloveno –
España España Madrid 1986 700746439864000000046.439.864[3] 7005504030000000000504.030 70061406538000000001.406.538 700134899000000000034,899[4] euro 7002320000000000000320[5] 70028850000000000000.885[6] 27 54 Castelán
4
Estonia Estonia Talín 2004 70061313271000000001.313.271[3] 700445227000000000045.227 700426506000000000026.506 700127994000000000027,994[4] euro 7002360000000000000360[5] 70028460000000000000.846[6] 4 6 Estoniano –
Finlandia Finlandia Helsinqui 1995 70065471753000000005.471.753[3] 7005338424000000000338.424 7005272649000000000272.649 700140838000000000040,838[4] euro 7002269000000000000269[5] 70028920000000000000.892[6] 7 13 Finés
Sueco
1
Francia Francia París 1957Fundador 700766352469000000066.352.469[3] 7005643801000000000643.801 70062833687000000002.833.687 700141018000000000041,018[4] euro 7002327000000000000327[5] 70028930000000000000.893[6] 29 74 Francés
6 + 7
Grecia Grecia Atenas 1981 700710846979000000010.846.979[3] 7005131990000000000131.990 7005237970000000000237.970 700126773000000000026,773[4] euro 7002343000000000000343[5] 70028600000000000000.860[6] 12 21 Grego –
Hungría Hungría Budapest 2004 70069855571000000009.855.571[3] 700493030000000000093.030 7005136989000000000136.989 700125895000000000025,895[4] florín 7002300000000000000300[5] 70028310000000000000.831[6] 12 21 Húngaro –
Irlanda Dublín 1973 70064625885000000004.625.885[3] 700470273000000000070.273 7005250814000000000250.814 700151118000000000051,118[4] euro 7002343000000000000343[5] 70029160000000000000.916[6] 7 11 Irlandés
Inglés 		–
Italia Italia Roma 1957Fundador 700761438480000000061.438.480[3] 7005301338000000000301.338 70062147744000000002.147.744 700135811000000000035,811[4] euro 7002360000000000000360[5] 70028810000000000000.881[6] 29 73 Italiano –
Letonia Riga 2004 70061986096000000001.986.096[3] 700464589000000000064.589 700431972000000000031.972 700124540000000000024,540[4] euro 7002357000000000000357[5] 70028140000000000000.814[6] 4 8 Letón –
Lituania Lituania Vilnius 2004 70062921262000000002.921.262[3] 700465200000000000065.200 700448288000000000048.288 700128210000000000028,210[4] euro 7002358000000000000358[5] 70028180000000000000.818[6] 7 11 Lituano –
Luxemburgo Luxemburgo Luxemburgo 1957Fundador 7005562958000000000562.958[3] 700425864000000000025.864 700465683000000000065.683 700193173000000000093,173[4] euro 7002308000000000000308[5] 70028750000000000000.875[6] 4 6 Francés
Alemán
Luxemburgués 		–
Malta A Valeta 2004 7005429344000000000429.344[3] 7002316000000000000316 700410514000000000010.514 700134544999990000034,544[4] euro 7002258000000000000258[5] 70028470000000000000.847[6] 3 6 Maltés
Inglés 		–
Países Baixos Países Baixos Ámsterdam 1957Fundador 700717155169000000017.155.169[3] 700441543000000000041.543 7005880716000000000880.716 700148317000000000048,317[4] euro 7002309000000000000309[5] 70029210000000000000.921[6] 13 26 Neerlandés
6
Polonia Polonia Varsovia 2004 700738005614000000038.005.614[3] 7005312685000000000312.685 7005547894000000000547.894 700126210000000000026,210[4] złoty 7002349000000000000349[5] 70028210000000000000.821[6] 27 51 Polaco –
Portugal Portugal Lisboa 1986 700710374822000000010.374.822[3] 700492390000000000092.390 7005229948000000000229.948 700127624000000000027,624[4] euro 7002385000000000000385[5] 70028160000000000000.816[6] 12 21 Portugués
2
Romanía Romanía Bucarest 2007 700719861408000000019.861.408[3] 7005238391000000000238.391 7005199093000000000199.093 700120526000000000020,526[4] leu 7002315000000000000315[5] 70027860000000000000.786[6] 14 32 Romanés –
Suecia Estocolmo 1995 70069790000000000009.790.000[3] 7005449964000000000449.964 7005570591000000000570.591 700147228000000000047,228[4] coroa 7002250000000000000250[5] 70029160000000000000.916[6] 10 20 Sueco –

Notas

  1. ↑ EU foreign policy is agreed case by case where every member state agrees to a common position. Thus a member state can veto a foreign policy it does not agree with and agreed policy tends to be lose and infrequent.
  2. ↑ On 00003-10-1990 1990 de outubro de 3, the constituent states of the former German Democratic Republic acceded to the Federal Republic of Germany, automatically becoming part of the EU.
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 3,17 3,18 3,19 3,20 3,21 3,22 3,23 3,24 3,25 3,26 Council Decision do 8 de decembro de 2015 ([1]).
  4. ↑ 4,00 4,01 4,02 4,03 4,04 4,05 4,06 4,07 4,08 4,09 4,10 4,11 4,12 4,13 4,14 4,15 4,16 4,17 4,18 4,19 4,20 4,21 4,22 4,23 4,24 4,25 4,26 IMF
  5. ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 5,11 5,12 5,13 5,14 5,15 5,16 5,17 5,18 5,19 5,20 5,21 5,22 5,23 5,24 5,25 5,26 "UNDP.org". hdrstats.undp.org. Arquivado dende o orixinal o 17 de outubro de 2009. Consultado o 13 de xullo de 2016. 
  6. ↑ 6,00 6,01 6,02 6,03 6,04 6,05 6,06 6,07 6,08 6,09 6,10 6,11 6,12 6,13 6,14 6,15 6,16 6,17 6,18 6,19 6,20 6,21 6,22 6,23 6,24 6,25 6,26 HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme (ed.). "Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index". Arquivado dende o orixinal o 28 de maio de 2015. Consultado o 20 de xullo de 2013. 

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