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1934 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar	1934; MCMXXXIV
Ab urbe condita	2687
Armenian calendar	1383; ԹՎ ՌՅՁԳ
Assyrian calendar	6684
Baháʼí calendar	90–91
Balinese saka calendar	1855–1856
Bengali calendar	1340–1341
Berber calendar	2884
British Regnal year	24 Geo. 5 – 25 Geo. 5
Buddhist calendar	2478
Burmese calendar	1296
Byzantine calendar	7442–7443
Chinese calendar	癸酉年 (Water Rooster); 4631 or 4424; — to —; 甲戌年 (Wood Dog); 4632 or 4425
Coptic calendar	1650–1651
Discordian calendar	3100
Ethiopian calendar	1926–1927
Hebrew calendar	5694–5695
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1990–1991
- Shaka Samvat	1855–1856
- Kali Yuga	5034–5035
Holocene calendar	11934
Igbo calendar	934–935
Iranian calendar	1312–1313
Islamic calendar	1352–1353
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 9; (昭和９年)
Javanese calendar	1864–1865
Juche calendar	23
Julian calendar	Gregorian minus 13 days
Korean calendar	4267
Minguo calendar	ROC 23; 民國23年
Nanakshahi calendar	466
Thai solar calendar	2476–2477
Tibetan calendar	阴水鸡年; (female Water-Rooster); 2060 or 1679 or 907; — to —; 阳木狗年; (male Wood-Dog); 2061 or 1680 or 908

Millennium:	2nd millennium
Centuries:	19th century; 20th century ; 21st century;
Decades:	1910s; 1920s; 1930s ; 1940s; 1950s;
Years:	1931; 1932; 1933; 1934 ; 1935; 1936; 1937;

1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, the 1934th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 934th year of the 2nd millennium, the 34th year of the 20th century, and the 5th year of the 1930s decade.

Events

January–February

January 1 – The International Telecommunication Union, a specialist agency of the League of Nations, is established.^[1]
January 15 – The 8.0 M_w  Nepal–Bihar earthquake strikes Nepal and Bihar with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme), killing an estimated 6,000–10,700 people.^[2]
January 26 – A 10-year German–Polish declaration of non-aggression is signed by Nazi Germany and the Second Polish Republic.
January 30
- In Nazi Germany, the political power of federal states such as Prussia is substantially abolished by the "Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich" (Gesetz über den Neuaufbau des Reiches).
- Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States, signs the Gold Reserve Act: all gold held in the Federal Reserve is to be surrendered to the United States Department of the Treasury; immediately following, the President raises the statutory gold price from US$20.67 per ounce to $35.
February 6 – French political crisis: The French far-right leagues rally in front of the Palais Bourbon, in an attempted coup d'état against the Third Republic.^[3]
February 9
- Gaston Doumergue forms a new government in France.
- Greece, Romania, Turkey and Yugoslavia form the Balkan Pact.
February 12–15 – Austrian Civil War: The Fatherland Front consolidates its power in a series of clashes across the country.
February 16 – The Commission of Government is sworn in, as a form of direct rule for the Dominion of Newfoundland.
February 21 – Augusto César Sandino is assassinated in Managua, by the National Guard.
February 23 – King Leopold III of Belgium succeeds to the throne, following the death (February 17) of his father King Albert I.

March–April

March 1 – Manchukuo, the Japanese puppet state in Manchuria established in 1932, proclaimed a monarchy under Puyi.
March 12 – Prime Minister Konstantin Päts stages a self-coup by declaring a state of emergency in Estonia, with the approval of the parliament, beginning the country's Era of Silence.
March 13 – John Dillinger and his gang rob the First National Bank in Mason City, Iowa, United States, stealing $52,000.
March 20 – The Great Hakodate Fire kills at least 2,166 people in southern Hokkaido, Japan.
March 24 – The Tydings–McDuffie Act is passed, allowing the Philippines a greater degree of self-government from the United States.
April 21 – The "surgeon's photograph" of the Loch Ness Monster, taken in Scotland by London gynaecologist Robert Kenneth Wilson and in 1994 admitted to be a hoax, is published in the Daily Mail London national newspaper.^[4]

May–June

May 1 – The May Constitution of 1934 heralds the beginning of the Austrofascist Federal State of Austria.
May 15 – Kārlis Ulmanis establishes an authoritarian government in Latvia.
May 19 – Kimon Georgiev stages a coup d'état in Bulgaria.
May 23 – American outlaws Bonnie and Clyde are ambushed and killed by police in Bienville Parish, Louisiana.
May 28 – Near Callander, Ontario, Canada, the Dionne quintuplets are born to Oliva and Elzire Dionne, becoming the first quintuplets to survive infancy.
May 31 – The Barmen Declaration, largely drafted by Karl Barth, is signed by Christians in Nazi Germany who are opposed to the pro-Nazi German Christian movement.^[5]
June 9 – Donald Duck makes his film debut in Walt Disney's Silly Symphony cartoon The Wise Little Hen.^[6]
June 10 – Italy beats Czechoslovakia 2–1 after extra time, to win the 1934 World Cup, staged in Italy.
June 14 – Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini meet for the first time, at the Venice Biennale.
June 18 – The Indian Reorganization Act is enacted.
June 27 – Imam Yahya of Yemen and Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia conclude a peace treaty.
June 30 – July 2 – Night of the Long Knives in Germany: Nazis purge the Sturmabteilung (SA), the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party, and prominent conservative anti-Nazis, in a series of political murders.
June 30 – The Nazi Party SA camp Oranienburg becomes a national camp, taken over by the Schutzstaffel (SS).

July–August

July 1 – The Hays Code begins to be strictly enforced in the Hollywood film industry, lasting until 1968.
July 13 – Hitler gives a speech to the Reichstag, justifying his purge.
July 25 – July Putsch: Austrian Nazis assassinate chancellor Engelbert Dollfuss, during a failed coup attempt.
August 2 – Adolf Hitler becomes Führer of Germany, or head of state combined with that of Chancellor, following the death of President Paul von Hindenburg.
August 8 – The Wehrmacht swears a personal oath of loyalty to Adolf Hitler.
August 15 – The United States Marine Corps leaves Haiti.
August 19 – 1934 German referendum: In a referendum, 90% of the German population approves of Hitler's assumption of presidential powers, as Führer and Reichskanzler.

September–October

September 4 – Evelyn Waugh's novel A Handful of Dust was first published in full.^[7]
September 5–10 – The 6th Nuremberg Rally is staged by the German Nazi Party.
September 8 – Off the New Jersey coast, a fire aboard the passenger liner SS Morro Castle kills 134 people.
September 15 – 1934 Australian federal election: Joseph Lyons' UAP government is re-elected with a decreased majority, defeating the Labor Party, led by former Prime Minister James Scullin. Consequently, Lyons is forced to resume the Coalition with the Country Party, and include them in his government. Scullin steps down from the Labor leadership shortly after; he is replaced by future Prime Minister John Curtin.
September 19
- The Soviet Union joins the League of Nations.
- Bruno Richard Hauptmann is arrested in connection with the Lindbergh kidnapping case in the U.S.
September 21 – The Muroto typhoon in Honshū, Japan kills 3,036 people, and destroys the temple, schools, and other buildings in Osaka.
September 22 – A gas explosion at Gresford Colliery in Wrexham, north-east Wales, kills 266 miners and rescuers.
September 28 – Afghanistan joins the League of Nations.
October 2 – A typhoon in Osaka and Kyoto, Japan, kills 1,660, injures 5,400, and destroys the rice harvest.
October 6 – Events of October the 6th: the President of Catalonia, Lluís Companys, declares the Catalan State of the Spanish Federal Republic, but Spanish troops swiftly crush the Catalan forces, and arrest him and the members of the Catalan government. The autonomy of Catalonia is suspended until 1936.
October 9 – King Alexander of Yugoslavia and French foreign minister Louis Barthou are assassinated, during the king's state visit in Marseille.
October 16 – The Long March of the People's Liberation Army of the Chinese Communist Party begins.
October 20–November 3 – Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native Brisbane, Australia, to San Francisco, in the Lockheed Altair Lady Southern Cross. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.
October 20–November 5 – The MacRobertson Air Race is flown from RAF Mildenhall in England to Melbourne, Australia, to celebrate the centenary of the state of Victoria. The overall winner is the British de Havilland DH.88 Comet G-ACSS Grosvenor House, flown by C. W. A. Scott and Tom Campbell Black.

November–December

November 6 – Attempted exclusion of Egon Kisch from Australia begins.^[8]
November 23 – An Anglo-Ethiopian boundary commission in the Ogaden discovers an Italian garrison at Walwal, which lies well within Ethiopian territory. This encounter leads to the Abyssinia Crisis.
November 27 – Daniel Salamanca Urey, President of Bolivia, is deposed in a military coup, and replaced by José Luis Tejada Sorzano.
December 2 – The continental jazz group Quintette du Hot Club de France first performs in Paris, led by guitarist Django Reinhardt, with violinist Stéphane Grappelli.
December 5 – Abyssinia Crisis: Ethiopian and Italian troops exchange gunfire. Reported casualties for the Ethiopians are 150, and for the Italians 50.
December 21 – The orchestral suite Lieutenant Kijé, one of Sergei Prokofiev's best-known works, is premiered.^[9]
December 27 – Persia becomes Iran.
December 29 – Japan renounces the Washington Naval Treaty of 1922 and the London Naval Treaty of 1930.

Date unknown

Winter – Tadj ol-Molouk, Empress consort of Iran, and her daughters appear publicly in Tehran without a veil, leading to its abolition in the country.
Abidjan becomes the capital of the French colony of Ivory Coast.
The sonoluminescence effect is discovered, at the University of Cologne.
The Australian frontier wars end, after 146 years.
The Yomiuri Giants, a successful professional baseball club in Japan, is founded in Tokyo.^[10]^[11]

Births

Births
January · February · March · April · May · June · July · August · September · October · November · December

January

January 2 – Wael Zwaiter, Palestinian writer (d. 1972)
January 3 – Carla Anderson Hills, American politician, lawyer and former government official
January 4 – Rudolf Schuster, 2nd President of Slovakia^[12]
January 5 – Eddy Pieters Graafland, Dutch football goalkeeper (d. 2020)
January 7
- Charles Jenkins, American sprinter^[13]
- Tassos Papadopoulos, Cypriot politician, 5th President of Cyprus (d. 2008)^[14]
January 8 – Jacques Anquetil, French road cyclist (d. 1987)^{[citation needed]}
January 10 – Leonid Kravchuk, President of Ukraine (d. 2022)^[15]
January 11 – Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada^[16]
January 14
- Richard Briers, English actor (d. 2013)^[17]
- Pierre Darmon, French tennis player^[18]
January 16 – Marilyn Horne, American mezzo-soprano^[19]
January 17 – Cedar Walton, American jazz pianist (d. 2013)^[20]
January 18 – Raymond Briggs, British writer and illustrator (d. 2022)^[21]
January 20 – Tom Baker, British actor
January 21 – Ann Wedgeworth, American actress (d. 2017)^[22]
January 22
- Bill Bixby, American actor and director (d. 1993)
- Sugathakumari, Indian poet and activist (d. 2020)
January 24 – Stanisław Grochowiak, Polish poet and dramatist (d. 1976)
January 27 – Édith Cresson, Prime Minister of France^[23]
January 30 – Tammy Grimes, American actress (d. 2016)
January 31 – Eva Mozes Kor, Romanian Holocaust survivor and author (d. 2019)

February

February 5 – Don Cherry, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and commentator
February 7
- Eddie Fenech Adami, 10th Prime Minister of Malta and 7th President of Malta
- King Curtis, African-American saxophonist (d. 1971)
February 10 – Fleur Adcock, New Zealand poet (d. 2024)
February 11
- Mel Carnahan, American lawyer, politician, and 51st governor of Missouri (d. 2000)
- Manuel Noriega, Panamanian military dictator (d. 2017)
- John Surtees, British racing driver (d. 2017)
February 12 – Anne Krueger, American economist
February 13 – George Segal, American actor (d. 2021)^[24]
February 14 – Florence Henderson, American actress, singer and television personality (d. 2016)
February 15 – Niklaus Wirth, Swiss computer scientist (d. 2024)
February 17
- Sir Alan Bates, British actor (d. 2003)
- Barry Humphries, Australian actor, comedian (d. 2023)
February 18
- Anna Maria Ferrero, Italian actress (d. 2018)
- Paco Rabanne, Spanish fashion designer (d. 2023)
- Audre Lorde, American writer, professor, philosopher, intersectional feminist, poet and civil rights activist (d. 1992)
February 21 – Rue McClanahan, American actress (d. 2010)
February 24
- George Ryan, former Governor of Illinois
- Bettino Craxi, Prime Minister of Italy (d. 2000)
- Renata Scotto, Italian soprano (d. 2023)
- Bingu wa Mutharika, Malawian President, economist (d. 2012)
February 27 – Ralph Nader, American consumer activist and presidential candidate

March

March 1 – Joan Hackett, American actress (d. 1983)
March 2 – Bernard Rands, British-American composer
March 3 – Bobby Locke, American baseball player (d. 2020)
March 4
- Anne Haney, American actress (d. 2001)
- Gia Scala, British actress (d. 1972)
March 5 – Daniel Kahneman, Israeli economist and Nobel laureate (d. 2024)
March 6 – Milton Diamond, American sexologist and professor of anatomy and reproductive biology^[25] (d. 2024)
March 9
- Yuri Gagarin, Russian cosmonaut, first human in space (d. 1968)^[26]
- Joyce Van Patten, American actress
March 12 – Francisco J. Ayala, Spanish-American evolutionary biologist, philosopher, and Catholic priest (d. 2023)
March 14
- Eugene Cernan, American astronaut (d. 2017)
- Dionigi Tettamanzi, Italian cardinal (d. 2017)
March 16 – Ray Hnatyshyn, Canadian statesman, 24th Governor-General of Canada (d. 2002)
March 18 – Charley Pride, American country musician (d. 2020)
March 20 – David Malouf, Australian writer^[27]
March 23 – Ludvig Faddeev, Russian physicist and mathematician (d. 2017)
March 25
- Johnny Burnette, American rockabilly singer, songwriter and musician (d. 1964)
- Gloria Steinem, American feminist^[28]
March 26 – Alan Arkin, American actor (d. 2023)
March 30 – Hans Hollein, Austrian architect and designer (d. 2014)
March 31
- Richard Chamberlain, American actor^[29]
- Shirley Jones, American singer and actress^[29]
- John D. Loudermilk, American singer-songwriter (d. 2016)^[30]
- Carlo Rubbia, Italian Nobel physicist^[31]
- Kamala Surayya, Indian poet and author (d. 2009)

April

April 1
- Vladimir Posner, Russian journalist
- Pascal Rakotomavo, 10th prime minister of Madagascar (d. 2010)
April 2 – Paul Cohen, American mathematician (d. 2007)
April 3
- Pina Pellicer, Mexican actress (d. 1964)
- Jane Goodall, British zoologist^[32]
April 5 – Roman Herzog, 9th President of Germany (d. 2017)^[33]
April 6 – Anton Geesink, Dutch 10th-dan judoka (d. 2010)^[34]
April 10 – Nashruddin Zakaria, Indonesian civil servant, preacher, and Imam (d. 1999)
April 11 – Mark Strand, Canadian-born American poet (d. 2014)^[35]
April 14 – Fredric Jameson, American literary critic, philosopher, and Marxist political theorist (d. 2024)
April 16 – Victor "Vicar" José Arriagada Ríos, Spanish cartoonist (d. 2012)
April 18 – James Drury, American actor (d. 2020)^[36]
April 20 – John Malecela, 6th prime minister of Tanzania^[37]
April 24
- Jayakanthan, Tamil writer (d. 2015)
- Shirley MacLaine, American actress, dancer, writer^[38]
April 28 – James Flynn, American-born New Zealand moral philosopher and intelligence researcher (d. 2020)
April 29
- Pedro Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of Cape Verde^[39]
- Luis Aparicio, Venezuelan baseball player

May

May 3
- Henry Cooper, British boxer (d. 2011)
- Frankie Valli, American musician (The Four Seasons)
May 4 – Tatiana Samoilova, Russian actress (d. 2014)
May 9
- Alan Bennett, British playwright, screenwriter, actor, and author
- Lee Hong-koo, South Korean politician, 26th Prime Minister of South Korea
May 16 – Kenneth O. Morgan, Welsh historian
May 21 – Bengt I. Samuelsson, Swedish biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2024)
May 23 – Robert Moog, American inventor of the synthesizer (d. 2005)
May 27 – Harlan Ellison, American writer (d. 2018)
May 28 – The Dionne quintuplets, Canadian quintuplets, first known set of quintuplets to survive infancy:
- Annette
- Cécile
- Émilie (d. 1954)
- Marie (d. 1970)
- Yvonne (d. 2001)
May 30 – Alexei Leonov, Russian cosmonaut (d. 2019)
May 31
- Bhagwatikumar Sharma, Indian author and journalist (d. 2018)
- Jim Hutton American actor (d. 1979)
- Ira Rennert, American billionaire and businessman

June

June 1 – Pat Boone, American actor and singer^[40]
June 4 – Dame Daphne Sheldrick, Kenyan conservationist and author (d. 2018)^[41]
June 5 – Chennupati Vidya, Indian politician and social worker (d. 2018)
June 6 – King Albert II of Belgium^[42]
June 7
- Philippe Entremont, French concert pianist.
- Koloa Talake, 7th prime minister of Tuvalu (d. 2008)
June 9 – Jackie Wilson, American singer (d. 1984)^[43]
June 11 – Henrik, Prince Consort of Denmark, French-born consort of the Danish monarch (d. 2018)
June 15
- Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor and comedian (d. 2016)^[44]
- Stefan Kwoczała, Polish motorcycle speedway rider (d. 2019)
June 16
- Dame Eileen Atkins, British actress^[45]
- William F. Sharpe, American economist and Nobel laureate^[46]
June 19 – Désiré Rakotoarijaona, 4th prime minister of Madagascar^[47]
June 23 – Virbhadra Singh, Indian politician (d. 2021)
June 26 – Dave Grusin, American composer, arranger, producer, and pianist
June 27
- Ed Hobaugh, American Major League Baseball player
- Richard Allen Shapiro, American screenwriter, producer
June 28
- Asker Abiyev, Azerbaijani mathematician
- Michael Artin, American mathematician
June 29 – Susan George, American and French political, social scientist, activist and writer
June 30
- C. N. R. Rao, Indian chemist
- Luiz Carlos Bresser-Pereira, Brazilian economist and social scientist

July

July 1
- Alicia Terzian, Argentine conductor, musicologist and composer
- Ilselil Larsen, Danish actress
- Sydney Pollack, American film director (d. 2008)
- Jamie Farr, American actor
July 3 – Stefan Abadzhiev, Bulgarian football player (d. 2024)
July 5 – Adriana Roel, Mexican actress (d. 2022)
July 7
- Raphael Owor, Ugandan physician, pathologist, academic and medical researcher
- Kedarnath Singh, Indian poet (d. 2018)
- Thomas Seebohm, phenomenological philosopher (d. 2014)
July 8
- Fred Stewart, Canadian politician (d. 2022)
- Ole Lund, Norwegian barrister and industrial leader
- Marty Feldman, English comedy writer, comedian and actor (d. 1982)
July 9
- Pierre Perret, French singer and composer
- Michael Graves, American architect (d. 2015)^[48]
July 10 – Jerry Nelson, American puppeteer (d. 2012)
July 11
- Giorgio Armani, Italian fashion designer
- Clark R. Rasmussen, American politician (d. 2024)^[49]
July 12
- Van Cliburn, American pianist (d. 2013)^[50]
- Ulf Schmidt, Swedish tennis player
July 13
- Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer and Nobel laureate
- Aleksei Yeliseyev, Russian cosmonaut
July 14 – Ángel del Pozo, Spanish actor
July 15
- Harrison Birtwistle, British composer (d. 2022)^[51]
- Tehemton Erach Udwadia, Indian surgeon and gastroenterologist (d. 2023)
July 16 – George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (d. 2019)
July 19 – Francisco de Sá Carneiro, Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1980)
July 22
- Louise Fletcher, American actress (d. 2022)
- Leon Rotman, Romanian sprint canoeist
- Oluyemi Adeniji, Nigerian career diplomat, politician (d. 2017)
- Junior Cook, American jazz tenor saxophonist (d. 1992)
July 23 – Steve Lacy, American jazz saxophonist and composer (d. 2004)
July 24 – P. S. Soosaithasan, Sri Lankan Tamil politician (d. 2017)
July 28 – Bud Luckey, American voice actor, Pixar animator (d. 2018)