1936
Calendar year
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1936 .
1936 (MCMXXXVI ) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar , the 1936th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini 2nd millennium , the 36th year of the 20th century , and the 7th year of the 1930s decade.
Calendar year
Events
March 1 : Hoover Dam is completed
July 17 : Republican soldiers and Assault Guards during the July 1936 uprising in Barcelona , Spain
September 7 : Extinction of Thylacine . September 4 –5 – English-born aviator Beryl Markham becomes the first woman to make an east-to-west solo transatlantic flight , from Abingdon-on-Thames , England, to Baleine, Nova Scotia .September 5 – Spanish Civil War : Robert Capa 's photograph The Falling Soldier September 7 – The last known thylacine ("Tasmanian tiger"), named Benjamin, dies in Hobart Zoo in Tasmania .September 9
September 10 – The first World Speedway Championship is held at Wembley Stadium in London, England. It is won by Australian Lionel Van Praag , with Englishman Eric Langton second and Australian Bluey Wilkinson third.September 13 – In response to a polio outbreak, Chicago Public Schools launches a distance education program which constitutes the first large-scale use of radio broadcasts to facilitate distance education .[ 16] September 28 – After the election to the Swedish Riksdag's second chamber, Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp and his "Holiday Cabinet" ("Semesterregeringen ") resign (though he remains as Minister of Agriculture) and Per Albin Hansson returns as Prime Minister, staying in office until his death from a heart attack in 1946 .October
October 19 – H. R. Ekins, reporter for the New York World-Telegram Dorothy Kilgallen of the New York Journal The New York Times 1 ⁄2 October 25 – The Rome-Berlin Axis is formed.
November 2
November 3 – 1936 United States presidential election : Franklin D. Roosevelt is reelected to a second term, in a landslide victory over Kansas Governor Alf Landon ; farmers support Roosevelt.November 9 – American fashion designer Ruth Harkness encounters and captures a nine-week-old panda cub in Sichuan, China; it becomes the first live giant panda to enter the United States.November 12 – In California , the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge opens to traffic.November 20 – A levee failure and continued massive rain at the Mitsubishi Osarizawa mine, Kazuno , northeastern Akita , Japan, results in at least 375 deaths.November 23 – Cover date of the first issue of Life Henry Luce .November 25 – The Anti-Comintern Pact is signed by Germany and Japan.November 30 – A spectacular fire destroys The Crystal Palace in London, originally built for the 1851 Great Exhibition .December 3 – Radio station WQXR is officially founded in New York City.December 5 – The 1936 Soviet Constitution , promulgated by Stalin , is adopted in the Soviet Union . The Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic is dissolved, and Armenia , Azerbaijan and Georgia become full Republics of the Soviet Union .December 7 – Streptococcous meningitis (a condition previously 99% fatal) is successfully treated for the first time with a sulfonamide .[ 17] December 10 – Edward VIII abdication crisis : King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom signs an instrument of abdication at Fort Belvedere, Surrey in the presence of his three brothers, The Duke of York , The Duke of Gloucester and The Duke of Kent .December 11
Edward VIII abdication crisis : The British Parliament passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 on behalf of the U.K., Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. The King performs his last act as sovereign by giving Royal Assent to the Act, and his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York, becomes King, reigning as King George VI . The abdicated King, now HRH Prince Edward, makes a broadcast to the nation explaining his decision to abdicate, and leaves the country for Austria.Taking the opportunity to free itself further from ties to the United Kingdom, the Oireachtas of the Irish Free State passes the Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936 , removing most powers from the office of Governor-General of the Irish Free State , and the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936 (signed into law December 12), assenting to the abdication and restricting the power of the monarch in relation to Ireland to international affairs. December 12 – Xi'an Incident : Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek of the Republic of China is kidnapped by Marshal Zhang Xueliang .December 24 – The first filmed Russian opera, Natalka Poltavka Ukraine .
Date unknown
Births
January
Julio María Sanguinetti Émile Lahoud Alan Alda
February
Burt Reynolds Jim Brown February 3 – Bob Simpson , Australian cricketerFebruary 4 – David Brenner , American actor and comedian (d. 2014 )February 6
February 9 – Clive Swift , British actor (d. 2019 )February 11 – Burt Reynolds , American actor, director and producer (d. 2018 )February 14 – Anna German , Polish singer (d. 1982 )February 16 – Carl Icahn , American businessman, investor and philanthropistFebruary 17 – Jim Brown , African-American football player and actor (d. 2023 )February 21 – Barbara Jordan , African-American lawyer, educator, politician and civil rights activist (d. 1996 )February 24 – Carol D'Onofrio , American public health researcher (d. 2020 )[ 21] February 26 – Adem Demaçi , Albanian politician, writer (d. 2018 )February 29
March
F. W. De Klerk Ursula Andress Mario Vargas Llosa March 4
March 5
March 6
March 7
March 9 – Mickey Gilley , American country singer (d. 2022 )March 10 – Sepp Blatter , Swiss sports administrator, president of FIFA March 11
March 13 – Mónica Miguel , Mexican actress, director and singer (d. 2020 )March 17 – Ken Mattingly , American astronaut (d. 2023 )March 18 – F. W. de Klerk , 7th and last State President of South Africa (d. 2021 )March 19
March 20 – Lee "Scratch" Perry , Jamaican musician (d. 2021 )March 21 – Seyyed Mehdi Tabatabaei , Iranian politician (d. 2018 )March 27 – Banwari Lal Joshi , Indian politician (d. 2017 )March 28
April
Glen Campbell Roy Orbison Adolfo Nicolás April 1
April 7 – Princess Elizabeth of Yugoslavia , Yugoslav princess, Serbian princess, Serbian presidential candidateApril 9
April 10 – John Madden , football coach (d. 2021 )April 12 – Charles Napier , American character actor (d. 2011 )April 13 – Choi In-hun , South Korean writer (d. 2018 )April 14 – Dilbagh Singh Kler , Malaysian Olympic athlete (d. 2012 )April 15
April 17 – Urs Wild , Swiss chemist[ 24] 2022 )April 20 – Alfonso, Duke of Anjou and Cádiz (d. 1989 )April 22 – Glen Campbell , American singer and actor (d. 2017 )April 23 – Roy Orbison , American singer-songwriter (Pretty Woman 1988 )April 24
April 28 – Tariq Aziz , Iraqi politician (d. 2015 )April 29 – Jacob Rothschild, 4th Baron Rothschild , British financier and aristocrat (d. 2024 )
May
Albert Finney Bobby Darin Dennis Hopper May 1 – Danièle Huillet , French filmmaker (d. 2006 )May 2
May 4 – El Cordobés , Spanish matadorMay 5 – Trần Đức Lương , 5th President of Vietnam May 7 – Jimmy Ruffin , African-American singer (d. 2014 )May 9
May 12
May 13 – Rafael Campos , Dominican actor (d. 1985 )May 14 – Bobby Darin , American singer (d. 1973 )May 16
May 17 – Dennis Hopper , American actor and director (d. 2010 )May 20
May 21 – Günter Blobel , German-American biologist, academic and Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018 )May 23 – Charles Kimbrough , American actor (d. 2023 )May 25 – Tom T. Hall , American country singer-songwriter (d. 2021 )May 27 – Louis Gossett Jr. , African-American actor (d. 2024 )May 28 – James B. Goetz , American radio broadcaster, politician and Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota from 1967 to 1971 (d. 2019 )
June
Bruce Dern Kris Kristofferson B. J. Habibie Kigeli V of Rwanda June 2 – Volodymyr Holubnychy , Soviet Olympic athlete (d. 2021 )June 3 – Colin Meads , New Zealand rugby union player (d. 2017 )June 4
June 8
June 15 – William Levada , American cardinal (d. 2019 )June 17 – Ken Loach , British film directorJune 18
June 19 – Takeshi Aono , Japanese actor (d. 2012 )June 22
June 23 – Costas Simitis , Greek politician, 78th Prime Minister of Greece June 24 - Robert Downey Sr. , American actor, filmmaker and father of actor Robert Downey Jr. (d. 2021 )[ 25] June 25 – B. J. Habibie , Indonesian politician, 3rd President of Indonesia (d. 2019 )June 26
June 27
June 28 – Leon O. Chua , American electrical engineer and computer scientistJune 29
June 30 – Assia Djebar , Algerian writer (d. 2015 )
July
Yasuo Fukuda Buddy Guy
August
Robert Redford Wilt Chamberlain August 1
August 4 – Joaquim Roriz , Brazilian politician (d. 2018 )August 12
August 17 – Margaret Hamilton , American computer scientist, systems engineer and business ownerAugust 18 – Robert Redford , American actor and film directorAugust 21
August 23 – Rudy Lewis , American rhythm and blues singer (d. 1964 )August 25 – Giridharilal Kedia , Indian former Working President of KVK (d. 2009 )August 26 – Benedict Anderson , American academic (d. 2015 )August 27 – Lien Chan , Taiwanese politician August 28 – Bert Schneider , Austrian road racer (d. 2009 )August 29 – John McCain , American politician, U.S. Senator (R -Az. ) (d. 2018 )August 31 – Fabrizia Ramondino , Italian author (d. 2008 )
September
Zine El Abidine Ben Ali Buddy Holly Winnie Mandela Silvio Berlusconi September 1 – Valery Legasov , Soviet inorganic chemist (d. 1988 )September 2 – Andrew Grove , Hungarian-American businessman, engineer and author (d. 2016 )September 3 – Zine El Abidine Ben Ali , 2nd President of Tunisia (d. 2019 )September 4 – Kamuta Latasi , 4th Prime Minister of TuvaluSeptember 7
September 14 – Walter Koenig , American actor (Star Trek: The Original Series September 15 – Ashley Cooper , Australian tennis player (d. 2020 )September 19 – Al Oerter , American Olympic athlete (d. 2007 )September 21 – Yury Luzhkov , mayor of Moscow (d. 2019 )September 23 – Valentín Paniagua , President of Peru (d. 2006 )September 24 – Jim Henson , American puppeteer, filmmaker and television producer (The Muppets 1990 )September 25 – Moussa Traoré , President of Mali (d. 2020 )September 26 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela , South African anti-apartheid activist (d. 2018 )September 27 – Joselo , Venezuelan actor, comedian (d. 2013 )September 28 – Robert Wolders , Dutch actor (d. 2018 )September 29 – Silvio Berlusconi , 50th Prime Minister of Italy , media entrepreneur (d. 2023 )
October
Václav Havel Michael Landon October 1 – Duncan Edwards , English footballer (d. 1958 )October 3 – Steve Reich , American composerOctober 5 – Václav Havel , Czech playwright, writer and politician, 10th President of Czechoslovakia and 1st President of the Czech Republic (d. 2011 )October 6 – Lin Yu-lin , Taiwanese billionaire real estate developer (d. 2018 )October 7 – Fereydoun Farrokhzad , Iranian entertainer (d. 1992 )October 8 – Rogelio Guerra , Mexican actor (d. 2018 )October 9 – Brian Blessed , English actorOctober 10 – Gerhard Ertl , German physicist, Nobel laureateOctober 11 – Tom Zé , Brazilian SingerOctober 13 – Christine Nöstlinger , Austrian writer (d. 2018 )October 18 – Jaime Lucas Ortega y Alamino , Cuban cardinal (d. 2019 )October 19 – Tony Lo Bianco , American actor (d. 2024 )October 22 – Bobby Seale , American political activistOctober 24 – Bill Wyman , English rock guitaristOctober 25 – Masako Nozawa , Japanese actress and voice actressOctober 26
October 28 – Charlie Daniels , American country singer-songwriter (d. 2020 )October 30 – Polina Astakhova , Soviet artistic gymnast (d. 2005 )October 31 – Michael Landon , American actor, director, producer and writer (d. 1991 )
November
Didier Ratsiraka Don Cherry
December
David Carradine Pope Francis Mary Tyler Moore December 4 – América Alonso , Venezuelan actress (d. 2022 )[ 27] December 5 – James Lee Burke , American authorDecember 7 – Martha Layne Collins , American businesswoman and politician[ 28] December 8 – David Carradine , American actor, director and martial artist (d. 2009 )December 9 – A. B. Yehoshua , Israeli writer (d. 2022 )December 11 – Hans van den Broek , Dutch politician and diplomatDecember 12
December 14 – Robert A. Parker , American physicist, astronomer and astronautDecember 17
December 20 – Niki Bettendorf , Luxembourgian politician (d. 2018 )December 21 – Barbara Roberts , American politicianDecember 22 – Héctor Elizondo , American actorDecember 23
December 25
December 27 – Alex Miller , Australian novelistDecember 29
December 31 – Siw Malmkvist , Swedish singer[ 32]
Deaths
January
Louise Bryant Rudyard Kipling King George V of the United Kingdom January 1 – Harry B. Smith , American composer (b. 1860 )January 5 – Ramón del Valle-Inclán , Spanish writer (b. 1866 )January 6 – Louise Bryant , American journalist (b. 1885 )January 9 – John Gilbert , American actor (b. 1897 )January 15
January 16 – Albert Fish , American serial killer (executed) (b. 1870 )January 18 – Rudyard Kipling , British writer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865 )January 20 – King George V of the United Kingdom (b. 1865 )January 23 – John Mills Jr. , "Mills Brothers" basso, guitarist (b. 1911 )January 24
January 28 – Richard Loeb , American murderer (b. 1905 )
February
Charles Curtis February 3 – Sophie, Princess of Albania , consort of William of Wied, Prince of Albania (b.1885 )February 4 – Wilhelm Gustloff , German leader of the Swiss Nazi Party (b. 1895 )February 8 – Charles Curtis , 31st Vice President of the United States (b. 1860 )February 9 – Callistus Ndlovu , Zimbabwean academic and politician (b. 1936)[ 33] February 19 – Billy Mitchell , American general, military aviation pioneer (b. 1879 )February 20
February 23 – William Adamson , British Labour politician (b. 1863 )February 26 – in the "February 26 Incident ":
February 27
February 28 – Charles Nicolle , French bacteriologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1866 )
March
March 8 – Jean Patou , French fashion designer (b. 1880 )[ 34] March 9 – Swami Sri Yukteswar Giri , Indian monk and yogi (b. 1855 )March 12
March 13 – Sir Francis Bell , 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (b. 1851 )March 16
March 18 – Eleftherios Venizelos , Greek statesman, several times Prime Minister (b. 1864 )March 20 – Herman P. Faris , American temperance movement leader (b. 1858 )March 21 – Alexander Glazunov , Russian composer, conductor (b. 1865 )March 23 – Oscar Asche , Australian actor (b. 1871 )March 28 – Sir Archibald Garrod , English physician (b. 1857 )March 29 – Eugène Marais , South African lawyer, naturalist, poet and writer (b. 1871 )[ 35]
April
King Fuad I of Egypt April 2 – Alberico Albricci , Italian general (b. 1864 )April 3 – Richard Hauptmann , German killer of Charles Lindbergh Jr. (executed) (b. 1899 )April 6 – Edmund Breese , American actor (b. 1871 )April 7 – Marilyn Miller , American actress (b. 1898 )April 8 – Róbert Bárány , Austrian physician, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1876 )April 9 – Ferdinand Tönnies , German sociologist, economist and philosopher (b. 1855 )April 18 – Ottorino Respighi , Italian composer, musicologist and conductor (b. 1879 )April 23 – Teresa de la Parra , Venezuelan writer (b. 1889 )April 25 – Wajed Ali Khan Panni , Bengali aristocrat and philanthropist (b. 1871 )[ 36] April 26 – Tammany Young , American actor (b. 1886 )April 28 – King Fuad I of Egypt (b. 1868 )April 30 – A. E. Housman , English poet (b. 1859 )
May
May 2 – Ivan Alexandrov , Russian engineer (b. 1875 )May 4 – Ludwig von Falkenhausen , German general (b. 1844 )May 5 – Marianne Hainisch , Austrian women's rights activist (b. 1839 )May 8 – Oswald Spengler , German philosopher (b. 1880 )May 12 – Hu Hanmin , Chinese politician (b. 1879 )May 14 – Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby , British soldier, administrator (b. 1861 )May 16 – Leonidas Paraskevopoulos , Greek general, senator (b. 1860 )May 17 – Panagis Tsaldaris , Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1868 )May 24 – Khaz'al Khan Ibn Haji Jabir Khan , Iranian emir (b. 1863 )May 29 – Norman Chaney , American actor (b. 1914 )
June
Maxim Gorky
July
Georg Michaelis
August
Louis Bleriot Grazia Deledda
September
Karl Buresch
October
Juho Sunila
November
John Bowers
December
Arvid Lindman Luigi Pirandello Leonardo Torres Quevedo December 7 – Jean Mermoz , French aviator (b. 1901 )December 9
December 10
December 18 – Leonardo Torres Quevedo , Spanish engineer, one of pioneers of computing and the radio control , inventor of El Ajedrecista (The Chess Player) (b. 1852 )December 23 – William Henry Harrison , English cricketer (b. 1866 )December 24 – Irene Fenwick , American actress (b. 1887 )December 25 – Carl Stumpf , German philosopher, psychologist (b. 1848 )December 26 – Percival G. Baldwin , American politician and businessman (b. 1880 )December 29 – Lucy, Lady Houston , British philanthropist (b. 1857 )December 31 – Miguel de Unamuno , Spanish writer (b. 1864 )
Nobel Prizes
Note
^ The result scoreboard at that time had place only for three numbers, as organizing committee wasn't really prepared for one hundred metres barrier to be broken. Newspapers Jutro and Slovenec publish 101 metres on the next day and news spread fast around the world. Many decades took to publish real measured 101.5 metres distance, engraved in his original trophy from Planica (Salzburger Landesskimuseum).
References
^ "Royal Burials in the Chapel since 1805" . College of St George . 2017. Retrieved May 19, 2018 .^ Davies, R. W. (2014). The Industrialisation of Soviet Russia, Volume 6 : The Years of Progress: The Soviet Economy, 1934–1936 ISBN 978-1-137-36257-5 ^ Taylor, A. J. P. (2001). English History 1914–1945 ISBN 978-0-19-280140-1 ^ Shirer, William L. ; Rosenbaum, Ron (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany ISBN 978-1-4516-5168-3 ^ F. J. Bradley (2015). He Gave the Order: The Life and Times of Admiral Osami Nagano . Merriam Press. p. 36. ISBN 9781576383711 ^ "Planica -- 101 m! (actually 101.5 metres, no space for 4th number), p.1" (in Slovenian). Jutro (Monday edition). March 16, 1936.^ "Smuške tekme na Planici brez Norvežanov" (in Slovenian). Ponedeljski Slovenec. March 16, 1936.^ "Josef Bradl 101.5 m Planica 1936 (Norwegian Commentary)" . YouTube . March 15, 1936. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021.^ Kelly, Matthew (2017). The Crime of Nationalism: Britain, Palestine, and Nation-Building on the Fringe of Empire . Oakland, California: University of California Press. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-520-29149-2 ^ Barker, A. J. (1971). Rape of Ethiopia, 1936 . New York: Ballantine Books. p. 108. ISBN 978-0-345-02462-6 ^ Selye, Hans (1936). "A Syndrome Produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents" . Nature 138 (3479): 32. Bibcode :1936Natur.138...32S . doi :10.1038/138032a0 S2CID 4014154 . Archived from the original on January 7, 2008. Retrieved February 16, 2020 .^ Szabo, S.; Yoshida, M.; Filakovszky, J.; Juhasz, G. (2017). " (PDF) . Current Pharmaceutical Design . 23 (27): 4029–4041. doi :10.2174/1381612823666170622110046 . PMID 28641541 . ^ "3 Carmélites martyres de Guadalajara (Espagne) (1936)" . abbaye-saint-benoit.ch . June 6, 2011. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011.^ "The Boys in the Boat: Nine Americans and Their Epic Quest for Gold at the 1936 Berlin Olympics" . read.amazon.com . Retrieved January 8, 2024 .^ "Portuguese Mutiny: Why it Failed" . The Sydney Morning Herald . October 2, 1936. p. 17.^ Foss, Katherine A. (October 5, 2020). "Remote learning isn't new: Radio instruction in the 1937 polio epidemic" . The Conversation . Retrieved August 16, 2021 . ^ "1936" . MusicAndHistory . Archived from the original on June 10, 2013. Retrieved August 16, 2015 .^ Irving Wallace (April 1982). Book of Lists People Almanac ISBN 978-0-553-14642-4 ^ "Milkybar" . Nestlé Global . Retrieved December 29, 2020 .^ "Robert May, an Uncontainable 'Big Picture' Scientist, Dies at 84" . The New York Times . Retrieved May 12, 2020 .^ Manke, Kara (April 23, 2020). "Carol D'Onofrio, champion of health for underserved communities, dies at 84" . Berkeley News . Retrieved August 10, 2021 . ^ "Αποχαιρετισμός στον Τάκη Μουσαφίρη" (in Greek). Zosimaia School . March 11, 2021.^ "La Camera dei Deputati" . legislature.camera.it . Retrieved October 3, 2022 .^ "ETH Zürich – Urs Wild" . www.bi.id.ethz.ch . Retrieved March 27, 2022 .^ Duchovnay, Gerald, ed. (2012). Film Voices: Interviews from Post Script SUNY Press . p. 131. ISBN 9780791484753 ^ Rasoloarison, Jeannot (March 31, 2021). "Didier Ratsiraka, héraut de la souveraineté malgache, est décédé" . Le Monde Archived from the original on March 31, 2021. Retrieved April 2, 2021 . ^ "Murió la actriz América Alonso, ícono de las telenovelas venezolanas" . El Diario . May 15, 2022. Retrieved May 16, 2022 .^ Judith A. Leavitt (1985). American Women Managers and Administrators ISBN 978-0-313-23748-5 ^ Mario I. Aguilar (May 29, 2014). Pope Francis: His Life and Thought ISBN 978-0-7188-9342-2 ^ Vicki Ruíz; Virginia Sánchez Korrol (2006). Latinas in the United States: A Historical Encyclopedia ISBN 978-0-253-34683-4 ^ "Mary Tyler Moore obituary" . The Guardian . January 25, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2021 .^ Joseph Murrells (1978). The Book of Golden Discs 177 . ISBN 978-0-214-20480-7 ^ Shumba, Pamela (February 15, 2019). "Callistus Ndlovu death shocks President" . The Chronicle . Retrieved December 25, 2022 . ^ Pyper, Jaclyn A. (2014). "Jean Patou: A Fashionable Life". West 86th: A Journal of Decorative Arts, Design History, and Material Culture . 21 (1): 131. doi :10.1086/677874 . ^ "The tragic life of Eugène Marais" . May 1, 2012.^ Mir Shamsur Rahman (2012). "Panni, Wazed Ali Khan" . In Sirajul Islam ; Miah, Sajahan; Khanam, Mahfuza ; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh Asiatic Society of Bangladesh . ISBN 984-32-0576-6 OCLC 52727562 . OL 30677644M . Retrieved December 26, 2024 . ^ Stokes, Melvyn (August 1, 2009). "Kojo Touvalou Houénou: An Assessment" . Transatlantica. Revue d'études américaines. American Studies Journal (1). doi :10.4000/transatlantica.4271 ^ "Biography of Servant of God, Anna Ivanovna Abrikosova (Mother Catherine of Siena, OP) // Book of Remembrance: Biographies of Catholic Clergy and Laity Repressed in the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1918 to 1953" . biographies.library.nd.edu .^ "S2A3 Biographical Database of Southern African Science" . www.s2a3.org.za .^ Nicolas Slonimsky (1949). Music Since 1900
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