September 23 is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 99 days remain until the end of the year.

• 38 – Drusilla, Caligula's sister who died in June, with whom the emperor is said to have an incestuous relationship, is deified.^[1]
• 1122 – Pope Callixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V agree to the Concordat of Worms to put an end to the Investiture Controversy.^[2]
• 1338 – The Battle of Arnemuiden, in which a French force defeats the English, is the first naval battle of the Hundred Years' War and the first naval battle in which gunpowder artillery is used.^[3]
• 1409 – The Battle of Kherlen is the second significant victory over Ming dynasty China by the Mongols since 1368.
• 1459 – The Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Wars of the Roses, is won by the Yorkists.^[4]
• 1561 – King Philip II of Spain issues cedula, ordering a halt to colonizing efforts in Florida.^[5]

• 1642 – First English Civil War: The Battle of Powick Bridge, the first engagement between the primary field armies of the Royalists and the Parliamentarians, ended in a Royalist victory.^[6]
• 1779 – American Revolution: John Paul Jones, naval commander of the United States, on board the USS Bonhomme Richard, wins the Battle of Flamborough Head.^[7]
• 1803 – Second Anglo-Maratha War: The Battle of Assaye is fought between the British East India Company and the Maratha Empire in India.^[8]
• 1821 – Tripolitsa, Greece, is captured by Greek rebels during the Greek War of Independence.
• 1846 – Astronomers Urbain Le Verrier, John Couch Adams and Johann Gottfried Galle collaborate on the discovery of Neptune.
• 1868 – The Grito de Lares occurs in Puerto Rico against Spanish rule.
• 1879 – The Macedo-Romanian Cultural Society is founded.^[9]
• 1884 – On the night of 23-24 September, the steamship Arctique runs aground near Cape Virgenes leading to the discovery of nearby placer gold, beginning the Tierra del Fuego gold rush.^[10]
• 1899 – The American Asiatic Squadron destroys a Filipino battery at the Battle of Olongapo.

• 1905 – Norway and Sweden sign the Karlstad Treaty, peacefully dissolving the Union between the two countries.
• 1913 – The United Mine Workers of America launch a strike which eventually escalated into the Colorado Coalfield War.^[11]
• 1918 – World War I: The Battle of Haifa takes place in present-day Israel, part of the Ottoman Empire at that time.^[12]
• 1920 – The Louisiana hurricane dissipated over Kansas^[13] after forcing around 4,500 people to evacuate^[14] and causing $1.45 million in damages.^[13]
• 1942 – World War II: The Matanikau action on Guadalcanal begins: U.S. Marines attack Japanese units along the Matanikau River.
• 1947 – A magnitude 6.9 earthquake strikes South Khorasan in Iran, killing over 500 people.^[15]
• 1950 – Korean War: The Battle of Hill 282 is the first US friendly-fire incident on British military personnel since World War II.
• 1951 – George VI, king of the United Kingdom, has his left lung removed in an operation after a malignant tumour was found.^[16]
• 1952 – After being accused of financial improprieties, Senator Richard Nixon delivers his "Checkers speech" nationwide on television and radio, defending his actions and successfully salvaging his nomination as the Republican candidate for Vice President.^[17]
• 1955 – An all-white jury in Mississippi finds Roy Bryant and J. W. Milam not guilty in the torture-murder of 14-year-old African American boy Emmett Till.^[18]
• 1956 – A tropical storm originating in the eastern Pacific Ocean passes into the Gulf of Mexico and is upgraded and named Hurricane Flossy just hours before striking the Gulf Coast and causing 15 deaths and an estimated USD$24.8 million in damages.^[19]
• 1957 – Little Rock schools integration crisis: President Dwight D. Eisenhower sends the 101st Airborne Division to Little Rock, Arkansas, and federalizes the Arkansas National Guard, ordering both to support the integration of Little Rock Central High School.^[20]
• 1961 – U.S. President John F. Kennedy nominates African American civil rights lawyer Thurgood Marshall to the Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit,^[21] although pro-segregation Southern senators manage to delay his confirmation until September 11, 1962.^[22]
• 1962 – Flying Tiger Line Flight 923, a Lockheed L-1049H Super Constellation registered as N6923C, ditched into the Atlantic Ocean killing 28 out the 76 occupants onboard. The remaining 48 were rescued six hours later.^[23][24]
• 1964 – Typhoon Wilda, one of the strongest typhoons to ever strike Japan, makes landfall,^[25] causing at least 30 fatalities^[26] and sinking at least 64 ships.^[27]
• 1967 – Seven people die, 46 people are injured, and more than 150 boats capsize when a squall hit Lake Michigan during Michigan's first coho salmon sport fishing season.^[28]
• 1973 – Argentine general election: Juan Perón returns to power in Argentina.
• 1983 – Gulf Air Flight 771 is destroyed by a bomb, killing all 112 people on board.
• 1999 – Qantas Flight 1 overrun a runway in Bangkok during a storm, causing minor injuries to some passengers.^{[citation needed]}
• 2004 – Over 3,000 people die in Haiti after Hurricane Jeanne produces massive flooding and mudslides.
• 2008 – Matti Saari kills ten people at a school in Finland before committing suicide.^[29]
• 2010 – Teresa Lewis becomes the first woman to be executed by the U.S. state of Virginia since 1912, and the first woman in the state to be executed by lethal injection.^[30]
• 2013 – Twenty-five people are killed after Typhoon Usagi passes Hong Kong and China.^[31]
• 2019 – Twenty people die on the first of two days of rioting in Papua and West Papua over an alleged racist incident.^[32]
• 2020 – A grand jury in Kentucky declines to indict three police officers for the shooting death of Breonna Taylor in a drug raid gone wrong, leading to nationwide protests in the U.S.^[33]
• 2022 – Voting begins in the five-day sham annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine, leading to Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts.^[34]
• 2024 – Israel launches airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in Lebanon, killing more than 490 people.^[35]

• 63 BC – Augustus, Roman emperor (d. 14 AD)^[36]
• 1158 – Geoffrey II, Duke of Brittany (d. 1186)
• 1215 – Kublai Khan, Mongolian emperor (d. 1294)
• 1495 – Bagrat III of Imereti, King of Imereti (d. 1565)
• 1597 – Francesco Barberini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1679)
• 1598 – Eleonore Gonzaga, Italian wife of Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1655)^[37]

• 1642 – Giovanni Maria Bononcini, Italian violinist and composer (d. 1678)
• 1647 – Joseph Dudley, English politician, Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1720)
• 1650 – Jeremy Collier, English bishop and theologian (d. 1726)
• 1713 – Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1759)
• 1740 – Empress Go-Sakuramachi of Japan (d. 1813)
• 1756 – John Loudon McAdam, Scottish engineer (d. 1836)^[38]
• 1771 – Emperor Kōkaku of Japan (d. 1840)
• 1778 – Mariano Moreno, Argentinian journalist, lawyer, and politician (d. 1811)
• 1781 – Princess Juliane of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1860)
• 1791 – Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer and academic (d. 1865)
• 1791 – Theodor Körner, German soldier and author (d. 1813)
• 1800 – William Holmes McGuffey, American author and academic (d. 1873)
• 1819 – Hippolyte Fizeau, French physicist and academic (d. 1896)
• 1823 – John Colton, English-Australian politician, 13th Premier of South Australia (d. 1902)
• 1838 – Victoria Woodhull, American journalist and activist (d. 1927)
• 1851 – Ellen Hayes, American mathematician and astronomer (d. 1930)
• 1852 – James Carroll Beckwith, American painter and academic (d. 1917)
• 1852 – William Stewart Halsted, American physician and surgeon (d. 1922)
• 1853 – Princess Marie Elisabeth of Saxe-Meiningen (d. 1923)
• 1861 – Robert Bosch, German engineer and businessman, founded Robert Bosch GmbH (d. 1942)
• 1863 – Mary Church Terrell, American author and activist (d. 1954)
• 1865 – Pekka Halonen, Finnish painter (d. 1933)
• 1865 – Emma Orczy, Hungarian-English author and playwright (d. 1947)
• 1865 – Suzanne Valadon, French model and painter (d. 1938)
• 1867 – John Lomax, American teacher, musicologist, and folklorist (d. 1948)
• 1869 – Mary Mallon, American cook and typhoid carrier (d. 1938)^[39]
• 1876 – Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli rabbi and scholar (d. 1968)
• 1880 – John Boyd Orr, 1st Baron Boyd-Orr, Scottish biologist, physician, and politician, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1971)
• 1889 – Walter Lippmann, American journalist and publisher, co-founded The New Republic (d. 1974)
• 1890 – Friedrich Paulus, German general (d. 1957)
• 1895 – Miron Merzhanov, Russian architect and engineer (d. 1975)
• 1895 – Johnny Mokan, American baseball player (d. 1985)
• 1897 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (d. 1994)
• 1897 – Walter Pidgeon, Canadian-American actor and singer (d. 1984)
• 1898 – Les Haylen, Australian journalist and politician (d. 1977)
• 1899 – Tom C. Clark, American lawyer and judge, 59th Attorney General of the United States (d. 1977)
• 1899 – Louise Nevelson, American sculptor (d. 1988)
• 1900 – Bill Stone, English soldier (d. 2009)

• 1901 – Jaroslav Seifert, Czech poet and journalist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
• 1902 – Su Buqing, Chinese mathematician and academic (d. 2003)
• 1903 – Cec Fifield, Australian rugby league player and coach (d. 1957)
• 1904 – Arthur Folwell, English-Australian rugby league player, coach, and administrator (d. 1966)
• 1906 – Charles Ritchie, Canadian diplomat, High Commission of Canada in the United Kingdom (d. 1995)
• 1907 – Tiny Bradshaw, American singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 1958)
• 1907 – Anne Desclos, French journalist and author (d. 1998)^[40]
• 1907 – Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza (d. 1976)
• 1908 – Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, Indian poet, academic, and politician (d. 1974)
• 1909 – Lorenc Antoni, Kosovo-Albanian composer and conductor (d. 1991)
• 1910 – Jakob Streit, Swiss anthroposophist and author (d. 2009)
• 1911 – Frank Moss, American lawyer and politician (d. 2003)
• 1912 – Ghulam Mustafa Khan, Pakistani linguist, author, and critic (d. 2005)
• 1912 – Tony Smith, American sculptor and educator (d. 1980)
• 1913 – Carl-Henning Pedersen, Danish painter and sculptor (d. 2007)
• 1915 – Julius Baker, American flute player and educator (d. 2003)
• 1915 – Clifford Shull, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2001)
• 1916 – Aldo Moro, Italian academic and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1978)
• 1917 – El Santo, Mexican Luchador enmascarado, film actor, and folk icon (d. 1984)
• 1917 – Asima Chatterjee, Indian chemist (d. 2006)
• 1920 – Mickey Rooney, American actor, singer, director, and producer (d. 2014)^[41]
• 1923 – Mohamed Hassanein Heikal, Egyptian journalist (d. 2016)
• 1923 – Vello Helk, Estonian-Danish historian and author (d. 2014)
• 1924 – Pedro Joaquín Chamorro Cardenal, Nicaraguan journalist and publisher (d. 1978)
• 1925 – Denis C. Twitchett, English historian and scholar (d. 2006)
• 1926 – André Cassagnes, French toy maker, created the Etch A Sketch (d. 2013)
• 1926 – John Coltrane, American saxophonist and composer (d. 1967)^[41]
• 1928 – Frank Foster, American saxophonist and composer (d. 2011)
• 1928 – Roger Grimsby, American journalist and actor (d. 1995)
• 1930 – Sehba Akhtar, Pakistani poet and songwriter (d. 1996)
• 1930 – Colin Blakely, Northern Irish actor (d. 1987)
• 1930 – Ray Charles, American singer-songwriter, pianist, and actor (d. 2004)^[41]
• 1931 – Hilly Kristal, American businessman, founded CBGB (d. 2007)
• 1931 – Stan Lynde, American author and illustrator (d. 2013)
• 1931 – Gerald Merrithew, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2004)
• 1932 – Georg Keßler, German footballer and manager
• 1933 – Lloyd J. Old, American immunologist and academic (d. 2011)
• 1934 – Per Olov Enquist, Swedish journalist, author, and playwright (d. 2020)
• 1935 – Prem Chopra, Indian actor
• 1935 – Les McCann, American soul-jazz singer and pianist (d. 2023)
• 1935 – Ron Tindall, English-Australian footballer, cricketer, and manager (d. 2012)
• 1936 – George Eastham, English footballer (d. 2024)^[42]
• 1936 – Valentín Paniagua, Peruvian lawyer and politician, 91st President of Peru (d. 2006)
• 1936 – Sylvain Saudan, Swiss skier
• 1936 – Tareq Suheimat, Jordanian physician, general, and politician (d. 2014)
• 1937 – Jacques Poulin, Canadian author and translator
• 1938 – Arie L. Kopelman, American businessman (d. 2024)^[43]
• 1938 – Romy Schneider, German-French actress (d. 1982)
• 1939 – Henry Blofeld, English cricketer and journalist
• 1939 – Roy Buchanan, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1988)
• 1939 – Joan Hanham, Baroness Hanham, English politician
• 1939 – Sonny Vaccaro, American businessman
• 1940 – Michel Temer, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 25th Vice President of Brazil
• 1940 – Dick Thornett, Australian rugby player and water polo player (d. 2011)
• 1941 – George Jackson, American activist and author, co-founded the Black Guerrilla Family (d. 1971)
• 1941 – Simon Nolet, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
• 1941 – Norma Winstone, English singer-songwriter
• 1942 – Sila María Calderón, Puerto Rican-American businesswoman and politician, 12th Secretary of State of Puerto Rico
• 1942 – Colin Low, Baron Low of Dalston, Scottish scholar and politician
• 1942 – David Renneberg, Australian cricketer
• 1943 – Julio Iglesias, Spanish singer-songwriter^[44]
• 1943 – Marty Schottenheimer, American football player and coach (d. 2021)
• 1944 – Eric Bogle, Scottish-Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
• 1945 – Igor Ivanov, Russian politician and diplomat, Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs
• 1945 – Alan Old, English rugby player
• 1945 – Paul Petersen, American actor, singer, author, and activist^[44]
• 1946 – Franz Fischler, Austrian politician
• 1946 – Bernard Maris, French economist and journalist (d. 2015)
• 1946 – Genista McIntosh, Baroness McIntosh, English politician
• 1946 – Davorin Popović, Bosnian singer-songwriter (d. 2001)
• 1946 – Anne Wheeler, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1947 – Christian Bordeleau, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1947 – Mary Kay Place, American actress^[44]
• 1947 – Neal Smith, American drummer and songwriter
• 1948 – Dan Toler, American guitarist (d. 2013)^[41]
• 1949 – Floella Benjamin, Trinidadian-English actress, academic, and politician
• 1949 – Bruce Springsteen, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[44]
• 1949 – Kostas Tournas, Greek singer-songwriter
• 1950 – George Garzone, American saxophonist and educator
• 1951 – Steven Springer, American guitarist and songwriter (d. 2012)
• 1952 – Mark Bego, American author
• 1952 – Anshuman Gaekwad, Indian cricketer
• 1952 – Dennis Lamp, American baseball player
• 1952 – Kim Duk-soo, Korean musician^[45]
• 1952 – Jim Morrison, American baseball player and manager
• 1953 – Nicholas Witchell, English journalist
• 1954 – Charlie Barnett, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1954 – Cherie Blair, English lawyer and academic
• 1956 – Peter David, American author, actor, and screenwriter
• 1956 – Tom Hogan, Australian cricketer
• 1956 – Paolo Rossi, Italian footballer (d. 2020)
• 1957 – Rosalind Chao, American actress^[44]
• 1958 – Danielle Dax, English singer-songwriter and producer
• 1958 – Khaled El Sheikh, Bahraini singer-songwriter
• 1958 – Tony Fossas, Cuban-American baseball player and coach
• 1958 – Marvin Lewis, American football player and coach
• 1958 – Larry Mize, American golfer
• 1959 – Jason Alexander, American actor, singer, and voice artist^[44]
• 1959 – Frank Cottrell-Boyce, English author and screenwriter
• 1959 – Hans Nijman, Dutch mixed martial artist and wrestler (d. 2014)
• 1959 – Chris O'Sullivan, Australian rugby league player
• 1959 – Elizabeth Peña, American actress (d. 2014)^[41]
• 1959 – Karen Pierce, English diplomat
• 1960 – Kurt Beyer, American wrestler
• 1960 – Luis Moya, Spanish race car driver
• 1961 – Chi McBride, American actor^[44]
• 1961 – William C. McCool, American commander, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2003)
• 1962 – Deborah Orr, Scottish journalist (d. 2019)^[46]
• 1963 – Anne-Marie Cadieux, Canadian actress, director, and screenwriter
• 1963 – Alex Proyas, Egyptian-Australian director, producer, and screenwriter
• 1964 – Clayton Blackmore, Welsh footballer and manager
• 1964 – Josefa Idem, German-born Italian kayaker^[47]
• 1964 – Koshi Inaba, Japanese singer-songwriter
• 1964 – Larry Krystkowiak, American basketball player and coach
• 1964 – Katie Mitchell, English director and producer
• 1964 – Julian Parkhill, English biologist and academic
• 1964 – Bill Phillips, American businessman and author
• 1965 – Mark Woodforde, Australian tennis player and sportscaster
• 1966 – Pete Harnisch, American baseball player and coach
• 1967 – LisaRaye McCoy, American actress, model, fashion designer, and First Lady of the Turks and Caicos Islands^[41]
• 1967 – Chris Wilder, English footballer and manager
• 1968 – Yvette Fielding, English actress and producer
• 1968 – Adam Price, Welsh politician
• 1969 – Donald Audette, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1969 – Patrick Fiori, French singer-songwriter
• 1969 – Jan Suchopárek, Czech footballer and manager
• 1970 – Adrian Brunker, Australian rugby player
• 1970 – Lucia Cifarelli, American singer-songwriter and keyboard player
• 1970 – Ani DiFranco, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[44]
• 1970 – Giorgos Koltsidas, Greek footballer
• 1971 – Moin Khan, Pakistani cricketer and coach
• 1971 – Eric Montross, American basketball player and sportscaster (d. 2023)
• 1971 – Sean Spicer, American political aide, 30th White House Press Secretary
• 1972 – Sam Bettens, Belgian singer-songwriter and guitarist^[44]
• 1972 – Alistair Campbell, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1972 – Jermaine Dupri, American rapper and producer^[44]
• 1972 – Karl Pilkington, English actor and producer
• 1973 – Ingrid Fliter, Argentinian pianist
• 1973 – Vangelis Krios, Greek footballer and coach
• 1974 – Ben Duckworth, Australian rugby league player
• 1974 – Matt Hardy, American wrestler
• 1974 – Layzie Bone, American rapper
• 1975 – Kim Dong-moon, South Korean badminton player
• 1975 – Chris Hawkins, English journalist and producer
• 1975 – Eric Miller, Irish rugby player, footballer, and coach
• 1975 – Vitali Yeremeyev, Kazakhstani ice hockey player^[48]
• 1976 – Sarah Blasko, Australian singer-songwriter and producer
• 1976 – Robert James-Collier, English actor^[49]
• 1976 – Kip Pardue, American actor and model
• 1976 – Valeriy Sydorenko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1976 – Volodymyr Sydorenko, Ukrainian boxer
• 1977 – Matthieu Descoteaux, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Dmitri Kulikov, Estonian footballer
• 1977 – Fabio Ongaro, Italian rugby player
• 1977 – Rachael Yamagata, American singer-songwriter and pianist^[50]
• 1978 – Benjamin Curtis, American guitarist, drummer, and songwriter (d. 2013)
• 1978 – Anthony Mackie, American actor^[44]
• 1979 – Ricky Davis, American basketball player
• 1979 – Bryant McKinnie, American football player
• 1979 – Fábio Simplício, Brazilian footballer
• 1979 – Lote Tuqiri, Fijian-Australian rugby player
• 1981 – Robert Doornbos, Dutch racing driver
• 1981 – Helen Richardson-Walsh, English field hockey player
• 1982 – Mait Künnap, Estonian tennis player
• 1982 – Shyla Stylez, Canadian pornographic actress (d. 2017)
• 1983 – Shane del Rosario, American mixed martial artist and kick-boxer (d. 2013)
• 1983 – Joffrey Lupul, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1984 – Patrick Ehelechner, German ice hockey player
• 1984 – Matt Kemp, American baseball player
• 1984 – Anneliese van der Pol, Dutch-American entertainer^[51]
• 1985 – Joba Chamberlain, American baseball player^[52]
• 1985 – Chris Johnson, American football player^[53]
• 1985 – Cush Jumbo, British actress^[44]
• 1985 – Lukáš Kašpar, Czech ice hockey player
• 1985 – Hasan Minhaj, American comedian, actor, and television host^[41]
• 1986 – Martin Cranie, English footballer
• 1986 – Chris Volstad, American baseball player^[54]
• 1987 – Skylar Astin, American actor and singer^[44]
• 1988 – Juan Martín del Potro, Argentinian tennis player^[55]
• 1988 – Kairi Sane, Japanese wrestler^[56]
• 1988 – Yannick Weber, Swiss ice hockey player
• 1989 – Brandon Jennings, American basketball player
• 1989 – Taniela Lasalo, Australian rugby league player
• 1991 – Lee Alexander, Scottish footballer^[57]
• 1991 – Key, South Korean singer and entertainer^[58]
• 1991 – Melanie Oudin, American tennis player^[59]
• 1992 – Angel Garza, Mexican wrestler^[60]
• 1993 – Petteri Lindbohm, Finnish ice hockey player^[61]
• 1994 – Lee Mi-joo, South Korean singer and entertainer^[62]
• 1994 – Bai Lu, Chinese Actress^[63]
• 1996 – Napheesa Collier, American basketball player^[64]
• 1997 – John Collins, American basketball player^[65]
• 1999 – Song Yu-qi, Chinese singer^[66]

• 788 – Ælfwald I, king of Northumbria
• 965 – Al-Mutanabbi, Arab poet (b. 915)
• 1193 – Robert de Sablé, French knight
• 1241 – Snorri Sturluson, Icelandic historian, poet, and politician (b. 1178)
• 1253 – Wenceslaus I of Bohemia
• 1267 – Beatrice of Provence, countess regnant of Provence (b. 1234)
• 1386 – Dan I of Wallachia
• 1390 – John I, Duke of Lorraine (b. 1346)
• 1448 – Adolph I, Duke of Cleves (b. 1373)
• 1461 – Charles, Prince of Viana, King of Navarre (b. 1421)
• 1508 – Beatrice of Naples, queen consort of Hungary (b. 1457)
• 1535 – Catherine of Saxe-Lauenburg (b. 1513)
• 1571 – John Jewel, English bishop (b. 1522)
• 1573 – Azai Hisamasa, Japanese warlord (b. 1524)

• 1605 – Pontus de Tyard, French priest and poet (b. 1521)
• 1675 – Valentin Conrart, French author, founded the Académie française (b. 1603)
• 1728 – Christian Thomasius, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1655)
• 1738 – Herman Boerhaave, Dutch botanist and physician (b. 1668)
• 1764 – Robert Dodsley, English poet and playwright (b. 1703)
• 1773 – Johan Ernst Gunnerus, Norwegian bishop and botanist (b. 1718)
• 1789 – John Rogers, American lawyer and politician (b. 1723)
• 1835 – Vincenzo Bellini, Italian composer (b. 1801)
• 1851 – Émilie Gamelin, Canadian nun, founded the Sisters of Providence (b. 1800)^[67]
• 1846 – John Ainsworth Horrocks, English-Australian explorer (b. 1818)
• 1850 – José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan general and politician (b. 1764)
• 1870 – Prosper Mérimée, French archaeologist and historian (b. 1803)
• 1871 – Louis-Joseph Papineau, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1786)
• 1873 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823)
• 1877 – Urbain Le Verrier, French mathematician and astronomer (b. 1811)
• 1889 – Wilkie Collins, English novelist, short story writer, and playwright (b. 1824)
• 1896 – Emmanuel Benner, French artist (b. 1836)^[68]
• 1900 – William Marsh Rice, American businessman, founded Rice University (b. 1816)

• 1913 – Donato Álvarez, Argentinian general (b. 1825)
• 1917 – Werner Voss, German lieutenant and pilot (b. 1897)
• 1929 – Richard Adolf Zsigmondy, Austrian-German chemist, physicist, and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1865)
• 1939 – Sigmund Freud, Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist (b. 1856)
• 1939 – Francisco León de la Barra, Mexican politician and diplomat, interim president, 1911 (b. 1863)^[69]
• 1940 – Hale Holden, American businessman (b. 1869)
• 1943 – Elinor Glyn, English author, screenwriter, and producer (b. 1864)
• 1944 – Jakob Schaffner, Swiss author and critic (b. 1875)
• 1950 – Sam Barry, American basketball player and coach (b. 1892)
• 1951 – Siegfried Bettmann, German engineer (b. 1863)^[70]
• 1958 – Jacob Nicol, Canadian publisher, lawyer, and politician (b. 1876)
• 1967 – Stanislaus Zbyszko, Polish wrestler and strongman (b. 1879)
• 1968 – Pio of Pietrelcina, Italian priest and saint (b. 1887)
• 1971 – James Waddell Alexander II, American mathematician and topologist (b. 1888)
• 1973 – Pablo Neruda, Chilean poet and diplomat, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1904)
• 1974 – Cliff Arquette, American actor and comedian (b. 1905)
• 1974 – Robbie McIntosh, Scottish drummer (b. 1950)
• 1978 – Lyman Bostock, American baseball player (b. 1950)
• 1979 – Catherine Lacey, English actress (b. 1904)
• 1981 – Chief Dan George, Canadian actor, author, and poet (b. 1899)^[71]
• 1987 – Bob Fosse, American actor, dancer, choreographer, and director (b. 1927)
• 1988 – Tibor Sekelj, Hungarian-Serbian explorer and author (b. 1912)
• 1992 – Ivar Ivask, Estonian poet and scholar (b. 1927)
• 1992 – Glendon Swarthout, American author and academic (b. 1918)
• 1992 – James Van Fleet, American general (b. 1892)
• 1994 – Jerry Barber, American golfer (b. 1916)
• 1994 – Robert Bloch, American author and screenwriter (b. 1917)
• 1994 – Madeleine Renaud, French actress (b. 1900)
• 1997 – Natalie Savage Carlson, American author (b. 1906)
• 1998 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (b. 1909)
• 1998 – Mary Frann, American actress (b. 1943)
• 1999 – Ivan Goff, Australian-American screenwriter and producer (b. 1910)
• 2000 – Aurelio Rodríguez, Mexican baseball player and manager (b. 1947)
• 2000 – Carl Rowan, American journalist and author (b. 1925)
• 2000 – Raoul Berger, American attorney and law professor (b. 1901)
• 2001 – Ron Hewitt, Welsh footballer (b. 1928)
• 2003 – Yuri Senkevich, Russian physician and journalist (b. 1937)
• 2004 – Billy Reay, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1918)
• 2005 – Filiberto Ojeda Ríos, Puerto Rican activist (b. 1933)
• 2006 – Malcolm Arnold, English trumpet player and composer (b. 1921)
• 2006 – Etta Baker, American singer and guitarist (b. 1913)
• 2008 – Peter Leonard, Australian journalist (b. 1942)
• 2008 – Loren Pope, American journalist and author (b. 1910)
• 2009 – Paul B. Fay, American sailor and politician, United States Secretary of the Navy (b. 1918)
• 2010 – Malcolm Douglas, Australian hunter and television host (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Henry Champ, Canadian journalist and academic (b. 1937)
• 2012 – Pavel Grachev, Russian general and politician, 1st Minister of Defence for Russia (b. 1948)
• 2012 – Roberto Rodríguez, Venezuelan baseball player and coach (b. 1941)
• 2012 – Corrie Sanders, South African boxer (b. 1966)
• 2012 – Sam Sniderman, Canadian businessman, founded Sam the Record Man (b. 1920)
• 2013 – Abdel Hamid al-Sarraj, Syrian colonel and politician (b. 1925)
• 2013 – Gil Dozier, American captain, lawyer, and politician (b. 1934)
• 2013 – Ruth Patrick, American botanist and immunologist (b. 1907)
• 2014 – A. W. Davis, American basketball player and coach (b. 1943)
• 2014 – Irven DeVore, American anthropologist and biologist (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Don Manoukian, American football player and wrestler (b. 1934)
• 2014 – Al Suomi, American ice hockey player and referee (b. 1913)
• 2015 – Dayananda Saraswati, Indian monk and philosopher (b. 1930)
• 2018 – Charles Kuen Kao, Hong Kong-American-British electrical engineer and physicist (b. 1933)^[72]
• 2018 – Gary Kurtz, American film producer (b. 1940)^[73]
• 2018 – Jane Fortune, American author, journalist, and philanthropist (b.1942)^[74]
• 2020 – Juliette Gréco, French singer and actress (b. 1927)^[75]
• 2021 – John Elliott, Australian businessman (b. 1941)^[76]
• 2021 – Nino Vaccarella, Italian race car driver (b. 1933)^[77]

• Christian feast day:
  • Adomnán^[78]
  • Cissa of Crowland (or of Northumbria)
  • Padre Pio
  • Pope Linus
  • Sossius
  • Thecla (Roman Catholic Church)
  • Xanthippe and Polyxena
  • September 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Grito de Lares (Puerto Rico)
• Haifa Day (Israel)^[12][79]
• Holocaust Memorial Day (Lithuania)
• Kyrgyz Language Day (Kyrgyzstan)
• National Day (Saudi Arabia)
• Teachers' Day (Brunei)
• Celebrate Bisexuality Day (bisexual community)^[80]
• International Day of Sign Languages^[81]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to September 23.

• "On This Day". BBC.
• The New York Times: On This Day
• "Historical Events on September 23". OnThisDay.com.