April 20
Day of the year
April 20 is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years ) in the Gregorian calendar ; 255 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
Pre-1600
1653 – Oliver Cromwell dissolves England's Rump Parliament .[ 2] 1657 – English Admiral Robert Blake destroys a Spanish silver fleet, under heavy fire from the shore, at the Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife .[ 3] 1657 – Freedom of religion is granted to the Jews of New Amsterdam (later New York City).
1752 – Start of Konbaung–Hanthawaddy War , a new phase in the Burmese Civil War (1740–57).1770 – The Georgian king, Erekle II , abandoned by his Russian ally Count Totleben , wins a victory over Ottoman forces at Aspindza .1775 – American Revolutionary War : The Siege of Boston begins, following the battles at Lexington and Concord .1789 – George Washington arrives at Grays Ferry, Philadelphia , while en route to Manhattan for his inauguration .1792 – France declares war against the "King of Hungary and Bohemia ", the beginning of the French Revolutionary Wars .1800 – The Septinsular Republic is established.1809 – Two Austrian army corps in Bavaria are defeated by a First French Empire army led by Napoleon at the Battle of Abensberg on the second day of a four-day campaign that ended in a French victory.1828 – René Caillié becomes the second non-Muslim to enter Timbuktu , following Major Gordon Laing . He would also be the first to return alive.[ 4] 1836 – U.S. Congress passes an act creating the Wisconsin Territory .1861 – American Civil War : Robert E. Lee resigns his commission in the United States Army in order to command the forces of the state of Virginia .[ 5] 1861 – Thaddeus S. C. Lowe , attempting to display the value of balloons, makes record journey, flying 900 miles from Cincinnati to South Carolina.[ 6]
1862 – Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard complete the experiment disproving the theory of spontaneous generation .1865 – Astronomer Angelo Secchi demonstrates the Secchi disk , which measures water clarity, aboard Pope Pius IX 's yacht, the L'Immaculata Concezion .1876 – The April Uprising begins. Its suppression shocks European opinion, and Bulgarian independence becomes a condition for ending the Russo-Turkish War .1884 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus 1898 – U.S. President William McKinley signs a joint resolution to Congress for declaration of war against Spain, beginning the Spanish–American War .[ 7]
1902 – Pierre and Marie Curie refine radium chloride .1908 – Opening day of competition in the New South Wales Rugby League .[ 8] 1914 – Nineteen men, women, and children participating in a strike are killed in the Ludlow Massacre during the Colorado Coalfield War .[ 9] 1918 – Manfred von Richthofen , a.k.a. The Red Baron, shoots down his 79th and 80th victims, his final victories before his death the following day.1922 – The Soviet government creates South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast within Georgian SSR .1945 – World War II : U.S. troops capture Leipzig , Germany, only to later cede the city to the Soviet Union .1945 – World War II: Führerbunker : On his 56th birthday Adolf Hitler makes his last trip to the surface to award Iron Crosses to boy soldiers of the Hitler Youth .
1945 – Twenty Jewish children used in medical experiments at Neuengamme are killed in the basement of the Bullenhuser Damm school.
1946 – The League of Nations officially dissolves , giving most of its power to the United Nations .1949 – Amethyst incident : The People's Liberation Army attacks the HMS Amethyst (F116) travelling to the British embassy in Nanjing during the Chinese Civil War .[ 10] 1961 – Cold War : Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of US-backed Cuban exiles against Cuba .1968 – English politician Enoch Powell makes his controversial "Rivers of Blood" speech .[ 11] 1968 – South African Airways Flight 228 crashes near the Hosea Kutako International Airport in South West Africa (now Namibia ), killing 123 people.[ 12]
1972 – Apollo program : Apollo 16 Lunar Module , commanded by John Young and piloted by Charles Duke , lands on the Moon.1998 – Air France Flight 422 crashes after taking off from El Dorado International Airport in Bogotá , Colombia , killing all 53 people on board.[ 13] 1999 – Columbine High School massacre : Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold kill 13 people and injure 24 others before committing suicide at Columbine High School in Columbine, Colorado .[ 14] 2004 - The Nicoll Highway in Singapore collapsed , killing four workers.[ 15] 2007 – Johnson Space Center shooting : William Phillips barricades himself with a handgun in NASA 's Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas before killing a male hostage and himself.[ 16] 2008 – Danica Patrick wins the Indy Japan 300 becoming the first female driver in history to win an Indy car race.[ 17] 2010 – The Deepwater Horizon explodes in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven workers and beginning an oil spill that would last six months .2012 – One hundred twenty-seven people are killed when a plane crashes in a residential area near the Benazir Bhutto International Airport near Islamabad , Pakistan.2013 – A 6.6-magnitude earthquake strikes Lushan County , Ya'an , in China's Sichuan province, killing at least 193 people and injuring thousands.2015 – Ten people are killed in a bomb attack on a convoy carrying food supplies to a United Nations compound in Garowe in the Somali region of Puntland .2020 – For the first time in history, oil prices drop below zero , an effect of the 2020 Russia-Saudi Arabia oil price war .[ 18] 2021 – State of Minnesota v. Derek Michael Chauvin : Derek Chauvin is found guilty of all charges in the murder of George Floyd by the Fourth Judicial District Court of Minnesota .[ 19] 2023 – SpaceX's Starship rocket, the largest and most powerful rocket ever built, launches for the first time. It explodes 4 minutes into flight.[ 20]
Births
Pre-1600
1633 – Emperor Go-Kōmyō of Japan (d. 1654)1646 – Charles Plumier , French botanist and author (d. 1704)1650 – William Bedloe , English spy (d. 1680)1718 – David Brainerd , American missionary (d. 1747)1723 – Cornelius Harnett , American merchant, farmer, and politician (d. 1781)[ 22] 1727 – Florimond Claude, Comte de Mercy-Argenteau , Belgian-Austrian minister and diplomat (d. 1794)1745 – Philippe Pinel , French physician and psychiatrist (d. 1826)1748 – Georg Michael Telemann , German composer and theologian (d. 1831)1808 – Napoleon III , French politician, 1st President of France , Emperor of French Second Empire (d. 1873)1816 – Bogoslav Šulek , Croatian philologist, historian, and lexicographer (d. 1895)1818 – Heinrich Göbel , German-American mechanic and engineer (d. 1893)1826 – Dinah Craik , English author and poet (d. 1887)1839 – Carol I of Romania , King of Romania (d. 1914)1840 – Odilon Redon , French painter and illustrator (d. 1916)1850 – Daniel Chester French , American sculptor, designed the Lincoln statue (d. 1931)1851 – Alexander Dianin , Russian chemist (d. 1918)1851 – Siegmund Lubin , Polish-American businessman, founded the Lubin Manufacturing Company (d. 1923)
1860 – Justinien de Clary , French target shooter (d. 1933)1871 – Sydney Chapman , English economist and civil servant (d. 1951)1873 – James Harcourt , English character actor (d. 1951)1875 – Vladimir Vidrić , Croatian poet and lawyer (d. 1909)1879 – Paul Poiret , French fashion designer (d. 1944)1882 – Holland Smith , American general (d. 1967)1884 – Princess Beatrice of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1966)1884 – Oliver Kirk , American boxer (d. 1960)
1884 – Daniel Varoujan , Armenian poet and educator (d. 1915)
1889 – Albert Jean Amateau , Turkish rabbi, lawyer, and activist (d. 1996)1889 – Prince Erik, Duke of Västmanland (d. 1918)
1889 – Marie-Antoinette de Geuser , French mystic (d. 1918)
1889 – Adolf Hitler , Austrian-born German politician, Führer of Nazi Germany (d. 1945)
1889 – Tonny Kessler , Dutch footballer (d. 1960)
1890 – Maurice Duplessis , Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Quebec (d. 1959)1890 – Adolf Schärf , Austrian soldier and politician, 6th President of Austria (d. 1965)
1891 – Dave Bancroft , American baseball player and manager (d. 1972)1893 – Harold Lloyd , American actor, comedian, and producer (d. 1971)1893 – Joan Miró , Spanish painter and sculptor (d. 1983)
1895 – Henry de Montherlant , French essayist, novelist, and dramatist (d. 1972)1899 – Alan Arnett McLeod , Canadian lieutenant, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1918)
1904 – Bruce Cabot , American actor (d. 1972)1907 – Miran Bakhsh , Pakistani cricketer (d. 1991)[ 23] 1907 – Augoustinos Kantiotes , Greek bishop (d. 2010)
1908 – Lionel Hampton , American vibraphone player, pianist, bandleader, and actor (d. 2002)1910 – Fatin Rüştü Zorlu , Turkish diplomat and politician (d. 1961)1913 – Mimis Fotopoulos , Greek actor and poet (d. 1986)1913 – Willi Hennig , German biologist and entomologist (d. 1976)
1914 – Betty Lou Gerson , American actress (d. 1999)1915 – Joseph Wolpe , South African psychotherapist and physician (d. 1997)1916 – Nasiba Zeynalova , Azerbaijani actress (d. 2004)1918 – Kai Siegbahn , Swedish physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2007)1919 – Richard Hillary , Australian lieutenant and pilot (d. 1943)1920 – Frances Ames , South African neurologist , psychiatrist, and human rights activist (d. 2002)1920 – Clement Isong , Nigerian banker and politician, Governor of Cross River State (d. 2000)
1920 – John Paul Stevens , American lawyer and jurist, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 2019)[ 24]
1921 – Katarína Kolníková , Slovak actress (d. 2006)[ 25] 1923 – Mother Angelica , American nun and broadcaster, founded Eternal Word Television Network (d. 2016)[ 26] 1923 – Irene Lieblich , Polish-American painter and illustrator (d. 2008)
1923 – Tito Puente , American drummer and producer (d. 2000)[ 27]
1924 – Nina Foch , Dutch-American actress (d. 2008)[ 28] 1924 – Leslie Phillips , English actor and producer (d. 2022)[ 29]
1924 – Guy Rocher , Canadian sociologist and academic
1925 – Ernie Stautner , German-American football player and coach (d. 2006)1925 – Elena Verdugo , American actress (d. 2017)
1927 – Bud Cullen , Canadian judge and politician, 1st Canadian Minister of Employment and Immigration (d. 2005)1927 – Phil Hill , American race car driver (d. 2008)
1927 – K. Alex Müller , Swiss physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2023)[ 30]
1928 – Robert Byrne , American chess player and author (d. 2013)1928 – Johnny Gavin , Irish international footballer (d. 2007)[ 31]
1930 – Dwight Gustafson , American composer and conductor (d. 2014)1930 – Antony Jay , English director and screenwriter (d. 2016)
1931 – Michael Allenby, 3rd Viscount Allenby , English lieutenant and politician (d. 2014)1931 – John Eccles, 2nd Viscount Eccles , English businessman and politician
1932 – Myriam Bru , French actress1936 – Lisa Davis , English-American actress1936 – Pauli Ellefsen , Faroese technician, surveyor, and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (d. 2012)[ 32]
1936 – Pat Roberts , American captain, journalist, and politician[ 33]
1937 – Jiří Dienstbier , Czech journalist and politician, Czech Minister of Foreign Affairs (d. 2011)1937 – Harvey Quaytman , American painter and educator (d. 2002)[ 34]
1937 – George Takei , American actor[ 35]
1938 – Betty Cuthbert , Australian sprinter (d. 2017)[ 36] 1938 – Manfred Kinder , German runner[ 37]
1938 – Eszter Tamási , Hungarian actress (d. 1991)
1939 – Peter S. Beagle , American author and screenwriter1939 – Gro Harlem Brundtland , Norwegian physician and politician, 22nd Prime Minister of Norway
1939 – Johnny Tillotson , American singer-songwriter
1940 – James Gammon , American actor (d. 2010)[ 38] 1941 – Ryan O'Neal , American actor (d. 2023)[ 39] 1943 – Alan Beith , English academic and politician1943 – John Eliot Gardiner , English conductor and director
1944 – Toivo Aare , Estonian journalist and author (d. 1999)1945 – Michael Brandon , American actor and director1945 – Olga Karlatos , Greek actress and Bermudian lawyer
1945 – Thein Sein , Burmese general and politician, 8th President of Burma
1945 – Naftali Temu , Kenyan runner (d. 2003)
1945 – Steve Spurrier , American football player and coach[ 40]
1946 – Sandro Chia , Italian painter and sculptor1947 – Rita Dionne-Marsolais , Canadian economist and politician1947 – Viktor Suvorov , Russian intelligence officer, historian, and author
1948 – Matthias Kuhle , German geographer and academic (d. 2015)1949 – Veronica Cartwright , English-American actress[ 41] 1949 – Toller Cranston , Canadian-Mexican figure skater and painter (d. 2015)
1949 – Massimo D'Alema , Italian journalist and politician, 76th Prime Minister of Italy
1949 – Jessica Lange , American actress
1950 – Alexander Lebed , Russian general and politician (d. 2002)1950 – N. Chandrababu Naidu , Indian politician, 13th Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
1951 – Luther Vandross , American singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2005)[ 42] 1952 – Louka Katseli , Greek economist and politician1953 – Sebastian Faulks , English journalist and author[ 43] 1953 – James Chance , American musician (d. 2024)[ 44]
1955 – Donald Pettit , American engineer and astronaut[ 45] 1955 – Svante Pääbo , Swedish geneticist and Nobel Laureate [ 46]
1956 – Beatrice Ask , Swedish politician, Swedish Minister for Justice [ 47] 1956 – Peter Chelsom , English film director, writer, and actor
1956 – Kakha Bendukidze , Georgian economist and politician (d. 2014)[ 48]
1958 – Viacheslav Fetisov , Russian ice hockey player and coach1960 – Debbie Flintoff-King , Australian hurdler and coach[ 49] 1961 – Don Mattingly , American baseball player, coach, and manager1961 – Konstantin Lavronenko , Russian actor
1963 – Rachel Whiteread , English sculptor1964 – John Carney , American football player[ 50] 1964 – Crispin Glover , American actor and filmmaker[ 51]
1964 – Andy Serkis , English actor and director
1964 – Rosalynn Sumners , American figure skater[ 52]
1965 – Kostis Chatzidakis , Greek politician, Ministry of Economy, Infrastructure, Shipping and Tourism 1965 – Léa Fazer , Swiss film director, screenwriter and actress
1965 – Mark Mallia , Maltese painter and sculptor (d. 2024)[ 53]
1966 – David Chalmers , Australian philosopher and academic1966 – David Filo , American businessman, co-founded Yahoo!
1967 – Mike Portnoy , American drummer and songwriter[ 54] 1968 – Julia Morris , Australian entertainer1969 – Felix Baumgartner , Austrian daredevil[ 55] 1969 – Will Hodgman , Australian politician, 45th Premier of Tasmania [ 56]
1970 – Shemar Moore , American actor[ 57] 1971 – Allan Houston , American basketball player[ 58] 1972 – Carmen Electra , American model and actress[ 59] 1972 – Stephen Marley , Jamaican-American musician[ 60]
1973 – Julie Powell , American food writer and memoirist (d. 2022)[ 61] 1975 – Killer Mike , American rapper[ 62] 1978 – Carl Greenidge , English cricketer[ 63] 1980 – Emma Husar , Australian politician[ 64] 1983 – Miranda Kerr , Australian model[ 65] 1987 – Jorge Pinto , Portuguese politician[ 66] 1988 – Brandon Belt , American baseball player[ 67] 1989 – Vannesa Rosales , Venezuelan activist and teacher[ 68] 1990 - Kyle Higashioka , American baseball player[ 69]
1990 – Jason Behrendorff , Australian cricketer[ 70] 1991 – Luke Kuechly , American football player[ 71] 1997 – Alexander Zverev , German tennis player[ 72]
Deaths
Pre-1600
689 – Cædwalla , king of Wessex (b. 659)[ 73] 888 – Xi Zong , Chinese emperor (b. 862)1099 – Peter Bartholomew (b. 1061)[ 74] 1164 – Antipope Victor IV 1176 – Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , English-Irish politician, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland (b. 1130)1248 – Güyük Khan , Mongol ruler, 3rd Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (b. 1206)1284 – Hōjō Tokimune , regent of Japan (b. 1251)1314 – Pope Clement V (b. 1264)1322 – Simon Rinalducci , Italian Augustinian friar1502 – Mary of Looz-Heinsberg , Dutch noble (b. 1424)[ 75] [ 76] [ 77] [ 78] [ 79] 1521 – Zhengde , Chinese emperor (b. 1491)1534 – Elizabeth Barton , English nun and martyr (b. 1506)1558 – Johannes Bugenhagen , German priest and theologian (b. 1485)
1643 – Christoph Demantius , German composer and poet (b. 1567)1703 – Lancelot Addison , English clergyman and educator (b. 1632)1769 – Chief Pontiac , American tribal leader (b. 1720)1831 – John Abernethy , English surgeon and anatomist (b. 1764)1873 – William Tite , English architect, designed the Royal Exchange (b. 1798)1874 – Alexander H. Bailey , American lawyer, judge, and politician (b. 1817)1881 – William Burges , English architect and designer (b. 1827)1886 – Charles-François-Frédéric, marquis de Montholon-Sémonville , French general and diplomat, French ambassador to the United States (b. 1814)1887 – Muhammad Sharif Pasha , Greek-Egyptian politician, 2nd Prime Minister of Egypt (b. 1826)1899 – Joseph Wolf , German ornithologist and illustrator (b. 1820)
1902 – Joaquim de Sousa Andrade , Brazilian poet and educator (b. 1833)1912 – Bram Stoker , Anglo-Irish novelist and critic, created Count Dracula (b. 1847)1918 – Jussi Merinen , Finnish politician (b. 1873)[ 80] 1918 – Karl Ferdinand Braun , German-American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1850)
1927 – Enrique Simonet , Spanish painter and educator (b. 1866)1929 – Prince Henry of Prussia (b. 1862)1931 – Sir Cosmo Duff-Gordon, 5th Baronet , Scottish-English fencer and businessman (b. 1862)1932 – Giuseppe Peano , Italian mathematician and philosopher (b. 1858)1935 – John Cameron , Scottish footballer and manager (b. 1872)1935 – Lucy, Lady Duff-Gordon , English fashion designer (b. 1863)
1942 – Jüri Jaakson , Estonian businessman and politician, 6th State Elder of Estonia (b. 1870)1944 – Elmer Gedeon , American baseball player and pilot (b. 1917)1945 – Erwin Bumke , Polish-German jurist and politician (b. 1874)1946 – Mae Busch , Australian actress (b. 1891)1947 – Christian X of Denmark (b. 1870)1951 – Ivanoe Bonomi , Italian politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (b. 1873)1967 – Léo-Paul Desrosiers , Canadian journalist and author (b. 1896)1968 – Rudolph Dirks , German-American illustrator (b. 1877)1969 – Vjekoslav Luburić , Croatian Ustaše official and concentration camp administrator (b. 1914)1980 – M. Canagaratnam , Sri Lankan politician (b. 1924)1982 – Archibald MacLeish , American poet, playwright, and lawyer (b. 1892)1986 – Sibte Hassan , Pakistani journalist, scholar, and activist (b. 1916)1991 – Steve Marriott , English singer-songwriter and producer (b. 1947)1991 – Don Siegel , American director and producer (b. 1912)
1992 – Marjorie Gestring , American springboard diver (b. 1922)1992 – Benny Hill , English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1924)
1993 – Cantinflas , Mexican actor, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1911)1995 – Milovan Đilas , Yugoslav communist, politician, theorist and author (b. 1911)1996 – Trần Văn Trà , Vietnamese general and politician (b. 1918)1999 – Rick Rude , American professional wrestler (b. 1958)[ 81] [ 82] 1999 – Rachel Scott , American victim of Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)[ 83]
1999 – Cassie Bernall , American victim of Columbine High School massacre (b. 1981)[ 84]
2001 – Giuseppe Sinopoli , Italian conductor and composer (b. 1946)2002 – Alan Dale , American singer (b. 1925)2003 – Bernard Katz , German-English biophysicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1911)2004 – Lizzy Mercier Descloux , French musician, singer-songwriter, composer, actress, writer and painter (b. 1956)2005 – Fumio Niwa , Japanese journalist and author (b. 1904)2007 – Andrew Hill , American pianist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1931)2007 – Michael Fu Tieshan , Chinese bishop (b. 1931)
2008 – Monica Lovinescu , Romanian journalist and author (b. 1923)2010 – Dorothy Height , American educator and activist (b. 1912)2011 – Tim Hetherington , English photographer and journalist (b. 1970)2012 – Bert Weedon , English guitarist and songwriter (b. 1920)[ 85] 2014 – Neville Wran , Australian politician, 35th Premier of New South Wales (b. 1926)[ 86] 2016 – Victoria Wood , British comedian, actress and writer (b. 1953)2018 – Avicii , Swedish DJ and musician (b. 1989)[ 87] 2021 – Idriss Déby , Chadian politician and military officer (b. 1952)[ 88] 2021 – Monte Hellman , American film director (b. 1929)[ 89]
2021 – Les McKeown , Scottish pop singer (b. 1955)[ 90]
2022 – Gavin Millar , Scottish film director (b. 1938)[ 91] 2024 – Antonio Cantafora , Italian film and television actor (b. 1944)[ 92] 2024 – Andrew Davis , English conductor (b. 1944)[ 93]
2024 – Roman Gabriel , Filipino-American NBA American footballer[ 94]
2024 – Lourdes Portillo , Mexican film director, producer, and writer (b. 1943)[ 95]
Holidays and observances
References
^ Torgil Magnuson (2004). Urban Transformation of Medieval Rome, 312-1420 ISBN 978-91-7042-167-9 ^ William Robison; Ronald H. Fritze (1996). Historical Dictionary of Stuart England, 1603-1689 . Greenwood Press. p. 147. ISBN 9780313283918 ^ Manganiello, Stephen C (2004). The Concise Encyclopedia of the Revolutions and Wars of England, Scotland, and Ireland, 1639-1660 . Scarecrow Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-8108-5100-9 ^ Quella-Villéger, Alain (2012). René Caillié, l'Africain: une vie d'explorateur, 1799–1838 (in French). Anglet, France: Aubéron. p. 95. ISBN 978-2-84498-137-0 ^ Pryor, Elizabeth Brown (Winter 2008). "Robert E. Lee's 'Severest Struggle' . American Heritage . Retrieved April 20, 2019 . ^ Daniel, Clifton (1989). Chronicle of America . Chronicle publication. p. 364. ISBN 0-13-133745-9 ^ McCallum, Jack (2008). Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century ISBN 978-1-85109-693-0 ^ Cunneen, Chris (2001). The best ever Australian Sports Writing ISBN 1-86395-266-7 . Retrieved 19 February 2011 . ^ Rees, Jonathan (2013). "Ludlow Massacre". In Dubofsky, Melvyn (ed.). The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Business, Labor, and Economic History. Volume 1: Abra to Mutu ISBN 978-0-19-999304-8 ^ Murfett, Malcolm H. (May 1991). "A Pyrrhic Victory: HMS Amethyst and the Damage to Anglo-Chinese Relations in 1949". War & Society 9 (1): 121–140. doi :10.1179/072924791791202396 . ISSN 0729-2473 . ^ Anthony F Heath; Sin Yi Cheung; Shawna N. Smith (25 October 2007). Unequal Chances: Ethnic Minorities in Western Labour Markets ISBN 978-0-19-726386-0 ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 707-344C ZS-EUW Windhoek-Strijdom International Airport (WDH)" . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network . Retrieved 2022-04-19 . ^ Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-230 HC-BSU Bogotá-Eldorado Airport (BOG)" . aviation-safety.net . Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2019-04-17 . ^ Toppo, Greg (April 13, 2009). "10 years later, the real story behind Columbine" . USA Today Archived from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved August 6, 2023 . ^ Singapore, National Library Board. "Nicoll Highway collapse" . www.nlb.gov.sg . Retrieved 2024-04-20 . ^ "Gunman kills hostage, self at NASA center" . NBC News Archived from the original on August 6, 2023. Retrieved August 6, 2023 .^ "Danica Patrick makes history with Indy Japan 300 win" . CBC News . April 21, 2008. Archived from the original on January 6, 2018. Retrieved January 1, 2018 .^ Mark DeCambre (April 22, 2020). "About 150-years of oil-price history in one chart illustrates crude's spectacular plunge below $0 a barrel" . Market Watch . ^ Allen, Jonathan; Layne, Nathan; Borter, Gabriella (April 21, 2021). "Minneapolis jury convicts ex-policeman Derek Chauvin of murdering George Floyd" . Reuters . Retrieved April 25, 2022 . ^ "Musk's SpaceX big rocket explodes on test flight" . BBC News . 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2023-04-20 .^ Joseph Whitaker (1993). An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ... ^ John Hill Wheeler (1966). Reminiscences and Memoirs of North Carolina and Eminent North Carolinians ISBN 978-0-8063-0375-8 ^ Miran Bakhsh , CricketArchive. Retrieved 13 April 2020. (subscription required) ^ Greenhouse, Linda (July 16, 2019). "Supreme Court Justice John Paul Stevens, Who Led Court's Liberal Wing, Dies at 99" . The New York Times Archived from the original on December 11, 2020. Retrieved July 16, 2019 .^ "Pred 100 rokmi sa narodila nezabudnuteľná herečka Katarína Kolníková" . Pravda.sk (in Slovak). 2021-04-19. Retrieved 2023-08-28 .^ New Catholic Encyclopedia: Ead-Fre ISBN 978-0-7876-4009-5 ^ Steven Joseph Loza (1999). Tito Puente and the Making of Latin Music ISBN 978-0-252-06778-5 ^ Gerald Gardner; Jim Bellows (2007). 80: From Ben Bradlee to Lena Horne to Carl Reiner, Our Most Famous Eighty Year Olds Reveal Why They Never Felt So Young ISBN 978-1-4022-4823-8 ^ Genzlinger, Neil (10 November 2022). "Leslie Phillips, 98, British Comic Actor And Sagacious Object in 'Harry Potter' The New York Times . Retrieved 10 November 2022 . ^ Dylan Loeb McClain (January 18, 2023). "K. Alex Müller, Innovator in Ceramic Superconductors, Dies at 95" . New York Times . Retrieved April 19, 2023 . ^ "Johnny Gavin" . 11v11.com . Retrieved 6 April 2020 .^ Folketinget ISBN 978-87-569-6636-8 ^ Who's Who in Congress, 1991-1992 ISBN 978-0-87187-596-9 ^ Johnson, Ken (April 15, 2002). "Harvey Quaytman Obituary" . The New York Times . ^ Guiyou Huang (2001). Asian American Autobiographers: A Bio-bibliographical Critical Sourcebook ISBN 978-0-313-31408-7 ^ Great Athletes: Olympic sports. Vol. 1, Kjetil Andre Aamodt-Laura Flessel-Colovic ISBN 978-1-58765-473-2 ^ "Manfred Kinder" . Olympic.org . Archived from the original on 2021-04-22.^ Weber, Bruce (July 20, 2010). "James Gammon, Character Actor, Dies at 70" . The New York Times . ^ Amatulli, Jenna (December 8, 2023). "Ryan O'Neal, Hollywood actor and star of Love Story, dies aged 82" . The Guardian . Retrieved December 8, 2023 . ^ "Steve Spurrier" . Pro Football Reference . Retrieved 21 April 2020 .^ Rubin, Steven Jay (2017). The Twilight Zone Encyclopedia ISBN 9781613738887 ^ Leeds, Jeff (July 2, 2005). "Luther Vandross, Smooth Crooner of R&B, Is Dead at 54" . The New York Times . Retrieved May 24, 2014 . ^ "Sebastian Faulks, Esq, CBE, FRSL" . Debrett's. Archived from the original on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2012 .^ "James Chance, No Wave Icon and Saxophonist of The Contortions, Dies at 71" . Variety . June 18, 2024. Archived from the original on June 20, 2024. Retrieved June 18, 2024 .^ Lee Ellis (2004). Who's who of NASA Astronauts . Americana Group Pub. p. 148. ISBN 9780966796148 ^ "Svante Pääbo Facts" . nobelprize.org .^ LastName, FirstName (2001). The international who's who of women 2002 . London: Europa. p. 29. ISBN 9781857431223 ^ Herszenhorn, David M. (15 November 2014). "Kakha Bendukidze Dies at 58; Pushed Post-Soviet Market Change" . The New York Times . Retrieved 19 November 2014 . ^ "Debbie Flintoff-King" . Olympic.org . Archived from the original on 2021-04-22.^ "John Carney Stats" . Pro Football Reference . Retrieved November 13, 2022 .^ Zappia, Corina (9 November 2006). "Crispin Hellion Glover: The Interview" . The Village Voice . Retrieved 10 April 2023 . ^ Women's Sports . Women's Sports Publications. 1983. p. 21.^ Borg, Neville (2024-07-23). "Artist Mark Mallia dies aged 59" . Times of Malta . Retrieved 2024-07-23 . ^ Lackowski, Rich (2008). On the beaten path : progressive rock: the drummer's guide to the genre and the legends who defined it . Van Nuys, CA: Alfred. p. 34. ISBN 9780739056714 ^ Spector, Dina (15 October 2012). "Felix Baumgartner's Future Plans Are A Far Cry From Space Jumping" . Business Insider . Retrieved 10 April 2023 . ^ "Hodgman William Edward Felix" . Members of the Parliament of Tasmania . Retrieved 24 July 2022 .^ Thomas, Michael. "Shemar Moore Celebrates His Birthday - Check Out His Amazing Photos Here!" . Soap Opera News . Retrieved 2021-06-15 . ^ "Allan Houston" . National Basketball Association . Retrieved 10 April 2023 .^ "Carmen Electra" . Biography.com . The Biography Channel . Archived from the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved April 17, 2017 .^ Martoccio, Angie (20 April 2021). "Stephen Marley Celebrates Birthday, 4/20 With Livestream Concert" . Rolling Stone . Retrieved 10 April 2023 . ^ Severson, Kim; Moskin, Julia (November 1, 2022). "Julie Powell, Food Writer Known for 'Julie & Julia,' Dies at 49" . The New York Times . Retrieved November 1, 2022 . ^ Madden, Sidney (20 April 2015). "Happy Birthday, Killer Mike!" . XXL . Retrieved 10 April 2023 . ^ https://www.cricketarchive.com/Archive/Players/7/7410/7410.html CricketArchive^ "Ms Emma Husar MP" . Senators and Members of the Parliament of Australia . Retrieved 2021-11-07 .^ Christmass, Pip (29 March 2023). "Miranda Kerr fans stunned over key detail in celebration: 'Is it a joke?' . Seven News . Retrieved 10 April 2023 . ^ "Deputados: Biografia - Jorge Pinto" (in Portuguese). Lisbon, Portugal. Retrieved 27 March 2024 .^ "Brandon Belt" . Major League Baseball . Retrieved 10 April 2023 .^ "Venezuela mantiene privada de libertad a profesora que apoyó aborto tras violación" . El País. 13 January 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2021 .^ "Kyle Higashioka Stats, Age, Position, Height, Weight, Fantasy & News" . MLB.com . Retrieved 2024-12-09 .^ Jason Behrendorff profile – ESPNCricinfo. Retrieved 9 August 2011.^ "Luke Kuechly" . ESPN . Retrieved 10 April 2023 .^ "Alexander Zverev" . ESPN . Retrieved 10 April 2023 .^ Richard Barber (December 1992). Arthurian Literature VI ISBN 978-0-85991-226-6 ^ Raimond (d'Aguilers.) (1968). Historia Francorum qui ceperunt Iherusalem ISBN 978-1-4223-8011-6 ^ Lück, Alfred (1981) [1967]. Siegerland und Nederland (in German) (2nd ed.). Siegen: Siegerländer Heimatverein e.V. p. 25. ^ Schutte, O. (1979). "Genealogische gegevens". In: Tamse, C.A. (red.), Nassau en Oranje in de Nederlandse geschiedenis (in Dutch). Alphen aan den Rijn: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 41. ISBN 90-218-2447-7 .^ Dek, A.W.E. (1970). Genealogie van het Vorstenhuis Nassau (in Dutch). Zaltbommel: Europese Bibliotheek. p. 69. ^ Blok, P.J. (1911). "Johan IV". In: Molhuysen, P.C. en Blok, P.J. (redactie), Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek (in Dutch). Vol. Eerste deel. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff. p. 1219.^ Vorsterman van Oyen, A.A. (1882). Het vorstenhuis Oranje-Nassau. Van de vroegste tijden tot heden (in Dutch). Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff/Utrecht: J.L. Beijers. p. 93.^ "Person: Merinen, Juho Rikard" . War Victims of Finland 1914–1922 National Archives of Finland . Retrieved 23 July 2023 .^ "Rick Rude dies" . Slam Wrestling . 1999-04-21. Retrieved 2021-06-15 .^ "Rick Rude announced as sixth inductee into WWE Hall of Fame's 2017 class" . CBS Sports Archived from the original on 2017-03-07. Retrieved 2021-06-15 .^ "The Denver Post Online - Columbine - Tragedy and Recovery" . extras.denverpost.com . Retrieved 2024-03-23 .^ Post, Claire Martin | The Denver (1999-04-23). "Columbine shooting victim: Cassie Bernall" . The Denver Post . Retrieved 2024-03-24 . ^ "Bert Weedon obituary" . The Guardian . 20 April 2012. Retrieved 21 August 2020 .^ "Neville Wran dead aged 87" . The Sydney Morning Herald . 20 April 2014. Retrieved 20 April 2014 .^ Aswad, Jem (2018-04-20). "Avicii Dies at 28" . Variety . Retrieved 2021-04-20 . ^ "Chad President Idriss Deby dies on front lines, says army spokesman" . Reuters . 20 April 2021. Retrieved 20 April 2021 .^ "Stars we've lost in 2021" . EW.com . Retrieved 2021-04-22 .^ "Les McKeown obituary" . The Guardian . 2021-04-23. Retrieved 2021-04-26 .^ "Gavin Millar obituary" . The Guardian . 2022-04-28. Retrieved 2022-05-01 .^ "Si è spento a Roma Antonio Cantafora, attore e pittore crotonese" . il Crotonese. 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024 .^ Millington, Barry (22 April 2024). "Sir Andrew Davis obituary" . The Guardian . Retrieved 23 April 2024 . ^ "Roman Gabriel dies at 83. The first Filipino-American quarterback in NFL was MVP in 1969" . APnews . 20 April 2024. Retrieved 20 April 2024 .^ Haring, Bruce (2024-04-21). "Lourdes Portillo Dies: Oscar-Nominated Filmmaker And Activist Was 80" . Deadline . Retrieved 2024-04-22 . ^ Cooper, J. C. (2013). Dictionary of Christianity . Abingdon, Oxon. p. 4. ISBN 9781315074047 {{cite book }}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link )^ King, Matt (April 24, 2007). "Thousands at UCSC burn one to mark cannabis holiday" . Santa Cruz Sentinel the original on April 26, 2007. ^ McCoy, Terrence (2014-04-18). "The strange story of how the pot holiday '4/20' got its name" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 2020-04-18 . ^ "International Days" . New York: United Nations. 6 January 2015. Retrieved 2 January 2021 .
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
April 20 .
