蓋爾撞擊坑

蓋爾撞擊坑
蓋爾撞擊坑的電腦模型。撞擊坑中央隆起部分為夏普山,當中綠色圓點好奇號的登陸位置。由此視角觀看時北方位於下方
行星火星
區域埃俄利斯區
埃律西昂平原辛梅利亞高地交界
坐標5°24′S 137°48′E / 5.4°S 137.8°E / -5.4; 137.8
火星方格列表埃俄利斯區
直径154公里(96英里)[1]
环形山深度內部周圍低地平均深約 4 公里
最低點伊奧利亞沼深逾 5.1 公里
中央夏普山平均高於坑外圍約 2 公里
命名華特·弗雷德里克·蓋爾

蓋爾撞擊坑(英語:Gale)是火星上鄰近埃律西昂平原的低地邊緣,座標5°24′S 137°48′E / 5.4°S 137.8°E / -5.4; 137.8的大撞擊坑[1]。它的直徑154公里[2],並且已經存在了約35至38億年之久[3]。這個坑的名字來自澳洲天文學家華特·弗雷德里克·蓋爾(Walter Frederick Gale),他於19世紀後期觀測火星,並且描述火星存在著溝紋[4]

蓋爾坑曾是勇氣號火星探測器的登陸候選地點,現在是2011年11月26日發射,並于2012年8月6日登陸的火星科學實驗室好奇號[5]的登陸地點。

地型特徵

蓋爾坑的外貌有著不尋常的特徵,有著大量的碎石環繞著高聳在中心的夏普山[6][7][8],這座山比火山口北側的底部高5.5公里,比南側高4.5公里- 火山口本身的北側也比南側略高。山丘是由成層狀的物質組成,可能是在大約20億年前坍塌的[3]。這座山丘的起源還不清楚,但是研究顯示它最初可能沉積在湖底,曾經完全充滿著沉積岩,如今只剩侵蝕的殘餘物[3]。然而,這些結果都還在爭議中[9][10]。觀測表明上層跨層狀的地形可能是风积作用造成的,但較低層的成因仍然不明確[11]

蓋爾撞擊坑的位置在火星的5.4S, 137.7E[12]勇氣號火星探測器(MER-A)的位置在14.57S, 175.47E[13]維京2號登陸艇在47.93N, 133.74E[13]

太空船的探測

許多侵蝕進山丘的河道給了科學家們研究地層的好機會[3],蓋爾已獲選為火星科學實驗室的主登陸場[14],它於2011年11月26日發射,2012年8月6日登陸於火星的蓋爾撞擊坑[15][16][17][18]。蓋爾之前曾是2003年的勇氣號火星探測器的登陸候選地點,也是歐洲太空總署ExoMars四個登陸候選地點之一[19]

圖集

相關條目

參考資料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Gale. Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature. IAU / USGS / NASA. [2018-11-20]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-18). 
  2. ^ NASA - NASA's Next Mars Rover to Land at Gale Crater. [2012-04-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-05-11). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Mars Odyssey Mission THEMIS: Feature Image: Gale Crater's History Book. [2011-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2008-11-04). 
  4. ^ Biography - Walter Frederick Gale - Australian Dictionary of Biography. [2012-04-21]. (原始内容存档于2011-08-15). 
  5. ^ 存档副本. [2018-09-12]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-21). 
  6. ^ NASA Staff. 'Mount Sharp' on Mars Compared to Three Big Mountains on Earth. NASA. 27 March 2012 [31 March 2012]. (原始内容存档于2017-05-07). 
  7. ^ Agle, D. C. 'Mount Sharp' On Mars Links Geology's Past and Future. NASA. 28 March 2012 [31 March 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-31). 
  8. ^ Staff. NASA's New Mars Rover Will Explore Towering 'Mount Sharp'. Space.com. 29 March 2012 [30 March 2012]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-30). 
  9. ^ Cabrol et al. 1999. Hydrogeologic evolution of Gale Crater and its relevance in the exobiological exploration of Mars. Icarus: 139. 235-245.
  10. ^ Irwin et al. 2005. An intense terminal epoch of widespread fluvial activity on early Mars: 2. Increased runoff and palelake development. Journal of Geographical Research: 110. E12S15
  11. ^ Anderson and Bell, Geologic mapping and characterization of Gale Crater and implications for its potential as a Mars Science Laboratory landing site, Mars 5, 76-128, 2010, doi:10.1555/mars.2010.0004页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  12. ^ Google Mars: Gale crater. [2012-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-22). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 Google Mars: spacecraft. [2012-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-02-22). 
  14. ^ The Associated Press. NASA Launches Sophisticated Rover on Journey to Mars. The New York Times. 2011-11-26 [2011-11-26]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-19). 
  15. ^ Geometry Drives Selection Date for 2011 Mars Launch. News and Features. NASA/JPL-Caltech. [2011-07-27]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-18). 
  16. ^ Webster, Guy; Brown, Dwayne. NASA's Next Mars Rover To Land At Gale Crater. NASA JPL. 2011-07-22 [2011-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-07). 
  17. ^ Chow, Denise. NASA's Next Mars Rover to Land at Huge Gale Crater. Space.com. 2011-07-22 [2011-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2019-10-25). 
  18. ^ Amos, Jonathan. Mars rover aims for deep crater. BBC News. 2011-07-22 [2011-07-22]. (原始内容存档于2011-07-22). 
  19. ^ Mars landing sites down to final four. World News (WN) Network. [2012-04-16]. (原始内容存档于2012-03-30). 

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