魏格纳陨击坑

关于月球陨石坑，请见「魏格纳环形山」。
魏格纳陨击坑
显示了魏格纳陨击坑位置的地形图
行星火星
區域阿耳古瑞区
坐标[錨點失效]64°36′S 4°00′W / 64.6°S 4°W / -64.6; -4
火星方格列表阿耳古瑞區
直径68.51公里（42.57英里）
命名阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳

魏格纳陨击坑（Wegener）是火星阿耳古瑞区的一座撞击坑，其中心坐标位于南纬64.6度、西经4度处，直径68.51公里（42.57英里）。该特征取名自德国地球物理学家暨气象学家、极地研究者、大陆漂移说创始人阿尔弗雷德·洛塔尔·魏格纳(1880年-1930年），1973年被国际天文联合会行星系统命名工作组批准接受[1]。

描述

火星勘测轨道飞行器背景相机拍摄的魏格纳陨击坑。
坑内正在化霜的沙丘，黑点处是霜冻消失后露出的黑色沙丘，这是前一幅图像的放大。

黑斑出现在火星高纬度地区的沙丘上，在这些地方，矿物颗粒可能被一层薄薄的水膜覆盖，这将会抑止矿物的化学风化，并可能有助于潜在火星生物的生存。研究表明，在某些时间和地点，火星表面可能存在水薄膜。在一些地区，液态水薄膜可能会在一天中较温暖时段连续出现38个火星日[2][3]。黑斑会出现在火星更高纬度的沙丘上。

有时在这些斑点附近会形成间歇泉，它们呈现两种主要特征（黑色沙丘斑和蜘蛛状细沟），出现于火星初春时节被二氧化碳（CO2或“干冰”）所覆盖的区域，主要分布于沙丘脊和沙坡上。到初冬时就会消失，这种黑斑通常为圆形的，但出现在斜坡上时，通常会拉长[4][5]。

在某些地区，随着春季阳光的增强，二氧化碳气体喷流将黑色尘埃喷射到空气中。这种暗尘会增加对阳光的吸收，并导致温度上升到水在那里可以短暂地存在[6]。

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参考文献

  1. ^ Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature | Wegener. usgs.gov. International Astronomical Union. [4 March 2015]. （原始内容存档于2022-05-08）. 
  2. ^ Zent, A.P., Haberle, R.M., Howard, C.H., Jakosky, B.M., 1993. "A coupled subsurface boundary layer model of water on Mars". J. Geophys. Res. 98, 3319–3337.
  3. ^ Mohlmann, D., 2004. "Water in the upper martian surface at mid- and low-latitudes: Presence, state, and consequences". Icarus 168, 318–323.
  4. ^ Horváth, A.; Kereszturi, Á.; Bérczi, Sz.; et al. Annual change of Martian DDS-seepages (PDF). Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVI. 2005: 1128 [24 November 2008]. Bibcode:2005LPI....36.1128H. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2009-02-27）. 
  5. ^ Gánti, Tibor; András Horváth; Szaniszló Bérczi; Albert Gesztesi; Eörs Szathmáry. Probable Evidences of Recent Biological Activity on Mars: Appearance and Growing of Dark Dune Spots in the South Polar Region (PDF). 32nd Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (1543). Houston, Texas. 12–16 March 2001 [20 November 2008]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2021-01-25）. 
  6. ^ Kereszturi, A., E. Rivera-Valentin. 2012. "Locations of thin liquid water layers on present-day Mars". Icarus: 221, 289–295.

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