氟化锰

氟化锰
IUPAC名
Manganese(II) fluoride
别名 二氟化锰
氟化亚锰
C.I. 77738
识别
CAS号 7782-64-1  checkY
PubChem 24528
ChemSpider 22935
SMILES
 
  • F[Mn]F
InChI
 
  • 1/2FH.Mn/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
InChIKey CTNMMTCXUUFYAP-NUQVWONBAJ
RTECS OP0875000
性质
化学式 MnF2
摩尔质量 92.934855 g·mol⁻¹
外观 淡粉红色晶体
密度 3.922 g/cm3（25 °C）[1]
熔点 856 °C
沸点 1820 °C
溶解性（水） 微溶于水
结构
晶体结构 P42/mnm（No.136）等
危险性
警示术语 R：R20/21/22、R36/37/38
安全术语 S：S26、S37/39[2]
欧盟编号 未列出
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中有害物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 警告
H-术语 H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335
P-术语 P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+312, P302+352, P304+312, P304+340, P305+351+338, P312, P321, P322, P330
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
其他阴离子 二氯化锰
二溴化锰
二碘化锰
其他阳离子 六氟化锝
七氟化铼
三氟化锰
相关化学品 一氧化锰
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

氟化锰是一种无机化合物，化学式为MnF2。它是一种淡粉红色固体，其颜色源自于二价锰离子的特征色。它可用于特种玻璃和激光器的制造。[3]

制备与结构

氟化锰可由碳酸锰和氢氟酸反应制得：[4]

MnCO3 + 2 HF → MnF2 + CO2↑ + H2O

也可由氯化锰和过量的氟化铵反应，得到NH4MnF3，它在二氧化碳中加热至290~300 °C得到氟化锰。[5]它也能通过四氧化三锰（或草酸锰）与氟化铵加热反应制得。[6]

氟化锰存在多种晶相，P42/mnm(金红石型)和P42m是已知的，[7]金红石型的氟化锰在高压会转变为α-PbO2相。[8]

反应

氟化锰和M2MnF6（M=K, Rb, Cs）在真空中加热（或氮气环境下加压，M=NH4）反应，可以得到相应的MMnF4。[9]它可以被氟气氧化至四氟化锰；[10]而在氟化氢中的反应会生成三氟化锰，氟化氢中生成四氟化锰还需紫外光的照射。[11]它和三氟化锰反应，还能得到Mn2F5和Mn3F8。[12]氟化锰和过量二氟化氙加热反应，可以得到XeF2·MnF4，反应中Mn2+被氧化至Mn4+；[13]KrF2·MnF4则需在低温氟化氢中由氟化锰和二氟化氪反应得到，室温时，它会分解为四氟化锰、二氟化氪、氪和氟气。[14]

它在潮湿的氮气中加热至500 °C发生水解，生成一氧化锰，[15]在潮湿空气中加热除了水解外还会发生氧化反应；它和硫蒸气的反应发生在氟化锰的表面。[16]

参考文献

  1. ^ Griffel, Maurice; Stout, J. W. Preparation of Single Crystals of Manganous Fluoride. The Crystal Structure from X-Ray Diffraction. The Melting Point and Density. Journal of the American Chemical Society. October 1950, 72 (10): 4351–4353 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0002-7863. doi:10.1021/ja01166a004. eISSN 1520-5126. （原始内容存档于2022-07-18）. 
  2. ^ 339288 Manganese(II) fluoride 98%. Sigma-Aldrich. [2008-06-18]. 
  3. ^ Ayres, D. C.; Hellier, Desmond. Dictionary of Environmentally Important Chemicals. CRC Press. 1997: 195 [2008-06-18]. ISBN 0-7514-0256-7. 
  4. ^ Gmelin Handbook of Inorganic Chemistry. Springer-Verlag. 1977: 5 [2022-07-13]. ISBN 978-0-387-93343-6. （原始内容存档于2022-07-17） （德语）. 
  5. ^ Nuka, P. Zur Kenntnis der Fluoride des Mangans und Cadmiums. Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie. 8 April 1929, 180 (1): 235–240 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0863-1786. doi:10.1002/zaac.19291800125. eISSN 1521-3749. （原始内容存档于2022-07-16） （德语）. 
  6. ^ Pourroy, G.; Poix, P. New synthesis routes for difluorides MF2 (M = Fe, Mn, Zn and Ni). Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. February 1989, 42 (2): 257–263 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(00)82754-2. （原始内容存档于2022-07-16）. 
  7. ^ Lee, Jeong-Hyeon; Cho, K. K.; Lee, Jeon Ryang; Park, Jae Cheol; Jang, Hansaem; Cho, Beong Ki; Kim, Tae-Won. Manganese Fluoride Nanoparticles Synthesized by Microwave Irradiation Using Ionic Liquid–Ethylene Glycol Mixtures: Room-Temperature Photoluminescence, Crystalline Phase, and Morphology. Crystal Growth & Design. 28 January 2021, 21 (3): 1406–1412 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 1528-7483. doi:10.1021/acs.cgd.0c01522. eISSN 1528-7505. （原始内容存档于2022-07-16）. 
  8. ^ Vereshchagin, L. F.; Kabalkina, S. S.; Kotilevets, A. A. Phase transition in MnF2 at high pressure. Zhurnal Eksperimental'noi i Teoreticheskoi Fiziki. 1965, 49 (6): 1728-1732. ISSN 0044-4510 （俄语）. CODEN ZETFA7.
  9. ^ Massa, W. Zur darstellung und strukturchemie der alkali-tetrafluoromanganate (III): CsMnF4 und NH4MnF4. Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. January 1977, 13 (5–6): 253–258 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1650. doi:10.1016/0020-1650(77)80103-7. （原始内容存档于2018-06-29） （德语）. 
  10. ^ Rakov, E. G.; Khaustov, S. V.; Ostropikov, V. V. Synthesis of manganese tetrafluoride at atmospheric pressure. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1998, 43 (4): 533–537. ISSN 0044-457X （俄语）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.
  11. ^ Mazej, Z. Room temperature syntheses of MnF3, MnF4 and hexafluoromanganete(IV) salts of alkali cations. Journal of Fluorine Chemistry. March 2002, 114 (1): 75–80. ISSN 0022-1139. doi:10.1016/S0022-1139(01)00566-8. 
  12. ^ Bandemehr, Jascha; Zimmerhofer, Fabian; Ivlev, Sergei I.; Pietzonka, Clemens; Eklund, Kim; Karttunen, Antti J.; Huppertz, Hubert; Kraus, Florian. Syntheses and Characterization of the Mixed-Valent Manganese(II/III) Fluorides Mn2F5 and Mn3F8. Inorganic Chemistry. 25 August 2021, 60 (17): 12651–12663 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 34431300. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01833. eISSN 1520-510X. （原始内容存档于2022-07-13）. 
  13. ^ Zemva, B.; Zupan, J.; Slivnik, Joze. Xenon fluoride-manganese fluoride reaction. Inst. Jozef Stefan, IJS Rep. 1970, (R585): 1-4. CODEN NJSRA9.
  14. ^ Lutar, Karel; Jesih, Adolf; Žemva, Boris. KrF2/MnF4 adducts from KrF2/MnF2 interaction In HF As a route to high purity MnF4. Polyhedron. January 1988, 7 (13): 1217–1219 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0277-5387. doi:10.1016/S0277-5387(00)81212-7. （原始内容存档于2022-07-13）. 
  15. ^ Baratali, Torabali; Abedini, Mansour. The hydrolysis of manganous fluoride. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. January 1976, 38 (3): 604 [2022-07-13]. ISSN 0022-1902. doi:10.1016/0022-1902(76)80319-3. （原始内容存档于2022-07-13）. 
  16. ^ Ippolitov, E. G.; Tripol'skaya, T. A.; Zhigarnovskii, B. M. Study of 3d transition element fluorides. Zhurnal Neorganicheskoi Khimii. 1979, 24 (2): 539–541. ISSN 0044-457X （俄语）. CODEN ZNOKAQ.

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