過錳酸

過錳酸
IUPAC名
過錳酸
Permanganic acid
识别
CAS号 13465-41-3  checkY
SMILES
 
  • O=[Mn](=O)(=O)O
InChI
 
  • 1/Mn.H2O.3O/h;1H2;;;/q+1;;;;/p-1/rHMnO4/c2-1(3,4)5/h2H
InChIKey ZJBYBXHCMWGGRR-UHFFFAOYSA-M
EINECS 236-695-4
性质
化学式 HMnO
4
外观 紫色清澈液体
溶解性 完全混溶,放热
pKa −2.5
危险性
闪点 不可燃
相关物质
相关金屬氧化物 鉻酸
錳酸
相关化学品 四氧化錳
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

化學中,過錳酸(英語:Permanganic acid)也称为 "高锰酸",化學式為HMnO4,是一種無機酸,是七氧化二錳(化學式:Mn2O7)與水反應的產物,是一種一元酸,有強氧化性。過錳酸是強電解質,可以解離出過錳酸根離子氫離子,具强酸性。

結構

過錳酸的結構是一個七價的錳,有三個雙鍵配位,和一個單鍵與錳共價的氧,該氧再與氫化合形成共價鍵,形狀為三個雙鍵與錳配位的氧與錳原子在一個平面上,然後與形成共價鍵的氧在垂直於該平面過錳的直線上,呈一個三角錐體,然而解離後,形成氫離子根過錳酸根離子,此時過錳酸根離子呈現與四個氧原子共振的穩定四面體結構。

製備

可以透過七氧化二錳反應而制得,但由於反應劇烈,相對危險。

可以透過硫酸錳二氧化鉛硫酸中反應制得,反應後會生成過錳酸,並產生硫酸鉛沉澱。

2 MnSO4 + 5 PbO2+ 3 H2SO4 → 2 HMnO4+ 5 PbSO4 + 2 H2O

過錳酸鹽

過錳酸鹽是過錳酸所形成的鹽,含有四面體型的過錳酸根離子 MnO4,其中錳的氧化態為 +7,有強氧化性。過錳酸鉀是最重要的過錳酸鹽,為紫色的針狀晶體。

參考文獻

  • The reduction of permanganic acid by hydrogen and ethylene and study of some of its salts - Patterson, Austin M. (Austin McDowell), 1876-1956

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