六氟化鎝

六氟化鎝
IUPAC名
Technetium(VI) fluoride
识别
CAS号 13842-93-8  checkY
PubChem 57470148
SMILES
 
  • F[Tc](F)(F)(F)(F)F
InChIKey PRVOBRCYHYXCMU-UHFFFAOYSA-H
性质
化学式 TcF6
摩尔质量 212 g/mol (98Tc) g·mol⁻¹
外观 金黃色晶體[1]
密度 3.58 g/cm3 (−140 °C、固態)[2]
熔点 37.4 °C(311 K)
沸点 55.3 °C(328 K)
结构
晶体结构 立方晶系
危险性
欧盟分类 不在名單中
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

六氟化鎝是一個低熔點的金黃色無機化合物[1],其化學式為TcF6,發現於1961年[3]。在這化合物中,鎝有+6價,是目前發現的化合物中,氧化價最高的2個鹵化物之一,另一個是六氯化鎝(Technetium(VI) chloride, TcCl6)。其中,這裡的鎝與形成七氟化錸(ReF7)的錸不同[4]。六氟化鎝會出現在六氟化鈾的雜質中,因為鎝是鈾的裂變產物。

製備

製備六氟化鎝的方式是將鎝金屬和過量的氟氣(F2)加熱到攝氏400度。[3]

Tc + 3 F
2
TcF
6

特徵

六氟化鎝在室溫下為金黃色固體。其熔點较低,約為37.4℃[1],當環境溫度高於38℃就會熔化,沸點為55.3℃[1],其在標準狀態下液相的範圍不大,僅有17.9℃。

六氟化鎝在−4.54 °C會發生一次相變,高於該溫度時,晶體結構為立方晶系,其晶格常數 a 為 6.16 Å[註 1]。每單位晶格有兩個化学式单位英语Formula unit[註 2],其密度為3.02 g·cm−3;而低於該溫度時,晶體結構為正交晶系,其晶格常數a 為 9.55 Åb 為 8.74 Å,、c 為 5.02 Å[註 3]。每單位晶格有四個化学式单位英语Formula unit[註 2],其密度為3.38 g·cm−3。而當溫度降到了攝氏−140℃時,晶格雖然保持為正交晶系,但晶格常數改變了,a 變為 9.360 Åb 變為 8.517 Å而c 則變為 4.934 Å,密度也改變了,變為3.58 g·cm−3[2]

而TcF6的分子本身[註 4]的分子結構為八面体形分子构型,點群為八面體對稱(Oh英语octahedral symmetry)、Tc-F鍵的鍵長為1.812Å[2]、其磁矩測量值為0.45 μB[5]

性質

由於鎝沒有穩定的同位素,因此六氟化鎝具有放射性,常溫下為黃色固體。

物理

六氟化鎝在红外光谱学拉曼光譜學的測定下呈現八面体形分子构型[6][7]。在低溫下,六氟化鎝和其他金屬的六氟化物(如六氟化銠、六氟化鋨)一樣,會從室溫的高對稱性立方晶系結構轉換成正交晶系結構[8]。其磁矩初步測量的數值約為0.45μB,比預期的d1八面體化合物來得低[9]

化學

六氟化鎝在五氟化碘(IF5)溶液中能與鹼性的氯反應形成六氟化物 [10][11]。六氟化鎝會在氫氧化鈉的水溶液(NaOH(aq))中水解,並形成黑色的二氧化鎝(TcO2)沉澱[3] 。在氟化氫(HF)溶液中,六氟化鎝會與氟化肼(hydrazinium fluoride、N2H5F)反應,得到N2H6TcF6或N2H6(TcF6)2[12]

註解

  1. ^ 於攝氏10度測量
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 在這種情況下是離散分子
  3. ^ 於攝氏-19度測量
  4. ^ 這種形式(單一分子)對於液相或氣相重要

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 2009, ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0, Section 4, Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds, p. 4-93.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Drews, T.; Supeł, J.; Hagenbach, A.; Seppelt, K. Solid State Molecular Structures of Transition Metal Hexafluorides. Inorganic Chemistry. 2006, 45 (9): 3782–3788. PMID 16634614. doi:10.1021/ic052029f. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Selig, H.; Chernick, C.L.; Malm, J.G. The Preparation and Properties of TcF6. Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry. 1961, 19 (3–4): 377–381. 
  4. ^ Greenwood, N. N.; Earnshaw, A. Chemistry of the Elements 2nd. Oxford:Butterworth-Heinemann. 1997. ISBN 0-7506-3365-4. 
  5. ^ Selig, H.; Cafasso, F. A.; Gruen, D. M.; Malm, J. G. Magnetic Susceptibility of ReF6. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1962, 36 (12): 3440. Bibcode:1962JChPh..36.3440S. doi:10.1063/1.1732477. 
  6. ^ Howard H. Claassen; Henry Selig & John G. Malm. Vibrational Spectra of MoF6 and TcF6. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1962, 36 (11): 2888–2890. Bibcode:1962JChPh..36.2888C. doi:10.1063/1.1732396. 
  7. ^ Howard H. Claassen; Gordon L. Goodman; John H. Holloway & Henry Selig. Raman Spectra of MoF6, TcF6, ReF6, UF6, SF6, SeF6, and TeF6 in the Vapor State. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1970, 53 (1): 341–348. Bibcode:1970JChPh..53..341C. doi:10.1063/1.1673786. 
  8. ^ Siegel S & Northrop DA. X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Some Transition Metal Hexafluorides. Inorganic Chemistry. 1966, 5 (12): 2187–2188. doi:10.1021/ic50046a025. 
  9. ^ Selig, H; Cafasso, F A.; Gruen, D M.; Malm, J G. Magnetic Susceptibility of ReF6. Journal of Chemical Physics. 1962, 36 (12): 3440–3444. Bibcode:1962JChPh..36.3440S. doi:10.1063/1.1732477. 
  10. ^ Edwards, A. J.; Hugill, D.; Peacock, R. D. New Fluorine Compounds of Technetium. Nature. 1963, 200 (4907): 672. Bibcode:1963Natur.200..672E. doi:10.1038/200672a0. 
  11. ^ D. Hugill & R. D. Peacock. Some quinquevalent fluorotechnetates. Journal of the Chemical Society A. 1966: 1339–1341. doi:10.1039/J19660001339. 
  12. ^ Frlec B; Selig H & Hyman H.H. Hydrazinium(+2) Hexafluorometalates(IV) and -(V) in the 4d and 5d Transition Series. Inorganic Chemistry. 1967, 6 (10): 1775–1783. doi:10.1021/ic50056a004. 

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