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二氟化二氮

二氟化二氮
英文名 Dinitrogen difluoride
别名 二氟二胺、二氟二氮烯
识别
CAS号 10578-16-2  checkY
13776-62-0(E)  checkY
13812-43-6(Z)  checkY
性质
化学式 N2F2
摩尔质量 66.01 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色气体
密度 4.6 g/L(顺式)[1]
2.9 g/L(反式)[2]
熔点 -195°C(顺式)[1]
-172°C(反式)[2]
沸点 -106°C(顺式)[1]
-111°C(反式)[2]
相关物质
相关化学品 四氟肼三氟化氮
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二氟化二氮化学式N2F2)是氮的氟化物之一,室温下为无色气体,存在顺式与反式两种异构体。

制备

二氟化二氮可由叠氮化钠氟气作用得到。叠氮化氟热分解,产生二氟化二氮和氮气[3]

2 NaN3 +3 F2 =3 N2F2 +2 Na

也可由二氟胺氟化钾加合物的热分解得到:[3]

以上方法得到的是顺、反式二氟化二氮的混合物。用五氟化砷选择性地与顺式加合,经NaF-HF处理,可以获得比较纯的顺式-N2F2。通过N2F3+Sb2F11二茂铁反应,[4] 或用四氟肼氯化铝在低温下作用,都只得到反式异构体。

性质

无色气体。100°C分解。顺式与反式异构体形成平衡,25°C时顺式占90%。[3]

顺式中N=N距离为120.9pm,N-F为140.9pm;反式中N=N键长稍长,为122.4pm,N-F键则稍短,为139.8pm。顺式异构体中两个氟原子不在同一平面内,这可能是由于空间位阻和电子互斥所引起的。[5]

异构化的反应热为12.6kJ/mol。顺式在热力学上较稳定[來源請求],但在动力学上活泼,可在两周内与玻璃完全反应,形成四氟化硅一氧化二氮,而反式经过一个月仍无明显变化。N2F2可与路易斯酸反应生成含有N2F+的盐。

参考资料

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 cis-二氟化二氮,于webelements.com
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 trans-二氟化二氮,于webelements.com
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arnold F. Holleman, Nils Wiberg: Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 101. Auflage, de Gruyter, Berlin 1995, ISBN 3-11-012641-9.
  4. ^ 《无机化学丛书》第四卷:氮磷砷分族,北京:科学出版社,页158.
  5. ^ J. K. Ruff, Chem. Rev., 67, 665 (1967).
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