Língua dagani

Dabani

Dagbani

Falado(a) em: Gana Gana
Total de falantes: 800,000
Família: Nigero-congolesa
 Atlântico-congolesas
  Volta-congolesa
   Gur
    Central
     Oti-volta
      Oti-volta ocidental
       Dabani
Códigos de língua
ISO 639-1: --
ISO 639-2: nic
ISO 639-3: dag

Dagani (em dagani: dagbani) é uma língua gur falada por aproximadamente 800 000 pessoas em Gana. Os falantes nativos dessa língua são os povos dagombas, mas o dagani é bastante difundido como segunda língua no nordeste de Gana. O dagani possui três dialetos, correspondendo aos dois principais de Gana; o de Tamale (dagani ocidental), o de Iendi (iendi ou dagani oriental), e o nanuni, o dialeto falado pelo grupo nanumba. O dagani é membro do grupo oti-volta, pertencente às línguas gur, sendo mutuamente inteligível com a língua mossi falada em Burquina Fasso.

Fonologia

Vogais

O dagani possui onze vogais fonêmicas, seis curtas e cinco longas:

Frontal Central Anterior
Alta i ɨ u
Média e o
Baixa a
Frontal Central Anterior
Alta i: u:
Média e: o:
Baixa a:

Consoantes

Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Palatal Velar Labial-velar
Parada Muda p t k k͡p
Expressa b d ɡ ɡ͡b
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋ͡m
Fricativa Muda f s
Expressa v z
Lateral l
Aproximante ʋ j

Tons

O dagani é uma língua tonal no qual o pitch é usado para distinguir palavras, tais como gballi [gbál:ɪ́] (Alta-Alta) 'grave' vs. gballi [gbál:ɪ̀] (Alta-Baixa) 'zana mat'.[1] Seu sistema tonal é caracterizado por dois níveis tonais e parada baixa (um efeito decrescente entre sequencias do mesmo tom fonético).

Escrita

O dagani é escrito com uma versão estendida do alfabeto latino, mas o índice de alfabetização é de apenas 2–3%. A ortografia usada atualmente representa todas as distinções alofônicas; o tom não é marcado.

a b ch d dz e ɛ f g gb ɣ h i j k kp l m n ny ŋ o ɔ p r s sh t u w y z ʒ ’

Amostra de texto

Sal' la sala. Bɛhig' be sokam sanimi, din pa la amii. Suhizɔbo be sokam sani; ka nambɔxu beni. Suhubɔhibo mi bi lan kɔŋ yigunaadam kam sani. Dinzuxu dimbɔŋɔ zaa wuhiya ka dama di tu kamaata ka ti zaa yu tab' hali ni ti puuni.

Gramática

O dagani é uma língua aglutinante, mas com fusão de alguns afixos. As sentenças do dagani são geralmente SVO.

Referências

  1. ↑ Olawsky 1997
  • Blench, Roger (2006) 'Dagbani plant names' (unpublished circulation draft)
  • Olawsky, Knut J. (1999). Aspects of Dagbani grammar, with special emphasis on phonology and morphology. Munique: LINCOM Europa 
  • Olawsky, Knut J. (2003). «What is a word in Dagbani?». In: R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald. Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology. Cambrígia: Imprensa da Universidade de Cambrígia. pp. 205–226 
  • Olawsky, Knut (1997) 'Interaction of tone and morphology in Dagbani' (unpublished)

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