Egiptoko XXX. dinastia

Antzinako Egipto
Dinastiak eta faraoiak
Aro aurredinastikoa
Aro protodinastikoa
Aro Goiztiarra

I.a - II.a

Inperio Zaharra

III.a IV.a V.a VI.a

Tarteko Lehen Aroa

VII.a VIII.a IX.a X.a XI.a

Inperio Ertaina

XI.a XII.a

Tarteko Bigarren Aroa

XIII.a XIV.a XV.a XVI.a XVII.a

Inperio Berria

XVIII.a XIX.a XX.a

Tarteko Hirugarren Aroa

XXI.a XXII.a XXIII.a XXIV.a XXV.a

Aro Berantiarra

XXVI.a XXVII.a XXVIII.a XXIX.a XXX.a XXXI.a

Aro Helenistikoa

Mazedoniarra . Ptolomeotarra

Erromatar Aroa
Saqqarako Serapeumeko esfingeak. Nektanebo I.aren garaia. Louvre
Nektanebo II.aren obeliskoa. British Museum.

Egiptoko XXX. dinastiak, K.a. 378tik K.a. 341 arte iraun zuen.

Jatorria Sebennitosen zuen dinastia honetako gobernariak, Persiarrak Egiptotik kanporatuz eta Palestina konkistatuz hasi ziren, Persiar Inperioaren gainbehera probestuz. Urte batzuetaz, nolabaiteko oparotasuna egon zen Egipton, merkataritza egonkor bat ahalbidetu zuena, baina ezin izan zuten Artaxerxes III.ak, armada boteretsu baten buru, Egipto Persiar Inperioarentzat birkonkistatzerik eragotzi K.a. 343an, berriz satrapia bihurtuz.

XXVI., XXVII., XXVIII., XXIX. eta XXXI. dinastiekin batera, Egiptoko aro berantiarra deritzona osatzen du.

Historia

  • Nektanebo I.ak lortu zuen Egiptoren kontrola K.a. 380ko azaroan, baina, bere erregealdiaren zatirik gehiena, persiarren birkonkistatze saiakeretatik defendatzen eman zuen, noiz behinka, Esparta edo Atenasen laguntza jasoz. K.a. 365ean, elkargobernari izendatu zuen bere seme Teos, bere aita hil ondoren, Mediterraneo Ekialdeko lurraldeak (egungo Siria eta Israel) inbaditu zituena, nolabaiteko arrakasta lortuz, bere seme Tjapehimuk tronutik kendu zuen arte, Teosen ospe txarra, faraoi bezala, bere seme zen Nektanebo II.a izendatzeko probestu zuena. Egiptoar armadak, Nektanebo babestu zuen, eta Teosek, persiar gortean babestea beste erremediorik ez zuen izan.

Nektanebo II.aren erregealdia, persiar gobernariek, Egipto birkonkistatzeko egin zituzten ahaleginengatik bereiztu zen. Bere erregealdiko lehen hamar urteetan, Nektanebok, birkonkista eragotzi ahal izan zuen, Artaxerxes III.ak, bere erresumako kontrola sendotzeko borrokatu behar izan baitzuen: K.a. 351 eta K.a. 350 arteko neguan Egipto inbaditzeko arrakastarik gabeko saiakera baten ondoren, Artaxerxesen porrotaren berriek, Zipren, Fenizian eta Zilizian matxinadak piztu zituzten. Nektanebok, matxinada hauei babesa eman zien arren, Artaxerxesek, horiek erreprimitzea lortu zuen, eta, beste behin, Egipto inbaditzeko gai izan zen K.a. 343an. Bigarren inbasio honek, arrakasta izan zuen, eta, Nektanebok, Niloren deltatik Menfisera erretiratu behar izan zuen, non Egiptoren independentzia galdutzat eman zuen, eta Nubiara ihes egin zuen, non Nastesen erregearen gortean babestu ahal izan zen, Napatan. Honen aurretik, nolabaiteko estatu independente bat mantendu zuen Egipto hegoaldean beste bi urtez, Edfuko dokumentu batek, data bezala, Nektanebo II.aren erregealdiko hamazortzigarren urtea baitu.

Jababash izeneko errebelde batek, bere burua faraoi izendatu zuen arren (K.a. 338-K.a. 336, Nektanebo hartzen da dinastia honetako azken bertako faraoitzat, eta, bere joateak, Egiptoren independentziaren amaiera suposatu zuen.

XXX. dinastiako faraoiak

Ohiko izena Tronu izena Sa-Ra izena Iruzkinak Erregealdia
Nektanebo I.a Jeperkara Najtnebef Persiarrak Egiptotik kanporatzen ditu K.a. 378-K.a. 361
Teos Irimaatenra Dyedhor Esparta eta Atenasekin aliatzen da K.a. 361-K.a. 359
Nektanebo II.a Senedyemibra Najthorhabet Agesilao II.ak lagunduta, Teos tronutik kentzen du.
Artaxerxes III.ak garaitzen du K.a. 343an.		 K.a. 359-K.a. 341

XXX. dinastiaren kronologia

  • Lehen faraoia: Nektanebo I.a
    • K.a. 380-K.a. 362
    • K.a. 380/K.a. 379-K.a. 361/K.a. 360
  • Azken faraoia: Nektanebo II.a
    • K.a. 360-K.a. 343
    • K.a. 360-K.a. 342
    • K.a. 359/K.a. 358-K. a 342/K.a. 341


Aurrekoa
Egiptoko XXIX. dinastia 		Egiptoko dinastiak
Egiptoko XXX. dinastia 		Ondorengoa
Egiptoko XXXI. dinastia

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