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April 1943
April 1, 1943 (Thursday)
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The following events occurred in
April 1943
:
April 18, 1943: Japan's Admiral Yamamoto killed when Americans discover and shoot down his airplane
April 20, 1943: Jefferson Memorial dedicated on Jefferson's 200th birthday
April 3, 1943: Shipwreck survivor Poon Lim rescued after 131 days adrift
April 12, 1943: Martin Bormann designated as Hitler's second-in-command
April 1, 1943 (Thursday)
Britain's SIGSALY terminal
SIGSALY
, referred to as the X System
vocoder
or "Green Hornet", went into operation for use in secure phone conversations between U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
and U.K. Prime Minister
Winston Churchill
. The new system, developed by
AT&T
's
Bell Labs
, encrypted speech into electronic signals that could be transmitted at the rate of 1,551 bits per second, and decrypted it at the other end, permitting the two wartime leaders to talk to each other without being understood by wiretappers.
[1]
The terminals for transatlantic calls were at
The Pentagon
in
Washington, D.C.
and in the basement of
Selfridges
department store in London.
In the Second
Battle of Sedjenane
, Allied forces retook the Tunisian town of Sedjenane on the railway line to
Mateur
and the port of
Bizerta
.
Japanese forces launched
Operation I-Go
, an aerial counter-offensive in the Pacific.
The
Royal Air Force
marked its 25th anniversary by presenting Churchill with honorary wings. "I am honoured to be accorded a place, albeit out of kindness, in that comradeship of the air which guards the life of our island and carries doom to tyrants, whether they flaunt themselves or burrow deep," Churchill stated.
[2]
The Italian destroyer
Lubiana
was either sunk or stranded off the Tunisian coast and declared a total constructive loss.
April 2, 1943 (Friday)
King Boris III
On a visit to Germany, King
Boris III of Bulgaria
told German Foreign Minister
Joachim von Ribbentrop
that the 25,000 Jews in Bulgaria would not be turned over to German control, despite the alliance between the two Axis powers. At most, the King said, the Bulgarian government might intern its Jewish citizens in camps under Bulgarian control.
[3]
The German submarine
U-124
was shelled and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean west of
Oporto
, Portugal by British warships.
Born:
Larry Coryell
, American jazz fusion guitarist; in
Galveston, Texas
(d. 2017)
April 3, 1943 (Saturday)
The
Battle of Manners Street
, a riot in
Wellington
,
New Zealand
, between American servicemen and New Zealand servicemen and civilians, occurred when some of the American servicemen refused to allow
Māori
soldiers to enter the Allied Services Club. Dozens of people were injured but news of the riot was censored at the time.
Shipwrecked steward
Poon Lim
was rescued by Brazilian fishermen after being adrift for 131 days as the sole survivor of a British merchant ship, the
SS
Benlomond
, which had been torpedoed on November 29, 1942.
[4]
Born:
Richard Manuel
, Canadian-born pop musician for
The Band
; in
Stratford, Ontario
(committed suicide 1986)
Trond Mohn
, Scottish-born Norwegian billionaire, in
Buckie
Veidt
Died:
Conrad Veidt
, 50, German-born film actor known for
Casablanca
, died of a heart attack while playing golf at the
Riviera Country Club
in Los Angeles with singer
Arthur Fields
and his personal physician.
[5]
April 4, 1943 (Sunday)
Lady Be Good
, an American B-24 bomber became lost over the North African desert after completing a bombing raid in Italy, ran out of gas, and crashed after its crew parachuted to safety. The nine member crew died of thirst, one by one, over the next eight days. For nearly 16 years,
Lady Be Good
would remain missing until its discovery on
February 27, 1959
. The bodies of the men would be found almost a year after that, on
February 11, 1960
.
[6]
William Dyess
was able to escape from a Japanese prisoner of war camp in the Philippines along with nine other men, and to make his way through the jungle and to a ship that transported him to Australia. Once free, Dyess would be able to reveal to the world the atrocities of the
Bataan Death March
that had taken place after U.S. and Philippine forces surrendered on April 9, 1942.
[7]
An
American B-25 bomber
on a training mission went down in
Lake Murray
in South Carolina. The entire crew was rescued by a boater on the lake, but the B-25 sank to the bottom of the lake for the next 62 years, finally being raised on September 19, 2005 in nearly perfect condition.
[8]
German radio announced that three former imprisoned leaders had been turned over by the government of Vichy France, to Germany, in order to stop "establishment of a counter-government".
[9]
Former Prime Ministers
Édouard Daladier
and
Léon Blum
, along with the former French Army commander in chief, General
Maurice Gamelin
, had been held in custody in France since shortly after the 1940 surrender, and would be sent to
Buchenwald concentration camp
until the end of the war.
Born:
Mike Epstein
, American MLB baseball player nicknamed "SuperJew"; in the Bronx
Died:
Raoul Laparra
, 67, French composer of the opera
La Habanera
; in an American air raid on Paris
April 5, 1943 (Monday)
Pastor Bonhoeffer
Lutheran pastor
Dietrich Bonhoeffer
was arrested at the headquarters of the German military intelligence (the
Abwehr
) by the Nazi secret police (the
Gestapo
) along with lawyer
Hans von Dohnanyi
, and both were found to have incriminating materials in their possession, showing cooperation with the enemy in Britain.
[10]
Adolf Hitler would order the execution of Bonhoeffer, Dohnanyi, and the Abwehr director, Admiral
Wilhelm Canaris
, on April 9, 1945, less than a month before the conquest of Germany.
The German submarine
U-635
was sunk in the North Atlantic by a
B-24
of
No. 120 Squadron RAF
.
The Japanese submarine
Ro-34
was sunk off the
Russell Islands
by American destroyers
O'Bannon
and
Strong
.
American bomber planes bombed the town of
Mortsel
in
Belgium
. The target was a local factory in which German fighter planes were being repaired. However, only four out of 216 bombs that were dropped hit the target, while the others destroyed most of the town of Mortsel, killing 936 civilians.
[11]
Born:
Max Gail
, American television actor who portrayed Wojo Wojciehowicz, on
Barney Miller
; in
Detroit
April 6, 1943 (Tuesday)
The
Battle of Wadi Akarit
began in Tunisia.
The German submarine
U-632
was sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by a B-24 of
No. 86 Squadron RAF
.
The Little Prince
, a children's book by
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
, was published. Saint-Exupéry would join the French Army later in the month, and would disappear the next year after his airplane was shot down in combat.
[12]
Five members of the U.S. Army Air Forces were rescued after having been marooned on an icecap in
Greenland
for almost five months. The men had been on a B-17 bomber that made a crash landing while searching for another lost plane, but were kept alive with supplies dropped by Colonel
Bernt Balchen
, an Arctic explorer and aviator.
[13]
April 7, 1943 (Wednesday)
Adolf Hitler
and
Benito Mussolini
began a four-day meeting at
Schloss Klessheim
near
Salzburg
. Mussolini was in poor health and would spend most of the conference listening silently to Hitler's long rambling monologues; an attempt by Mussolini to bring up the possibility of making peace with the Soviets was swiftly rebuffed.
[14]
The British government published a plan drawn up by
John Maynard Keynes
for a postwar economy. The plan proposed an international monetary fund which could help any nation out of temporary financial difficulties. In return, that country would have to adopt policies aimed at restoring stability.
[15]
The
Battle of Wadi Akarit
ended in a Allied victory. American forces of
2nd Corps
under General
George Patton
reached the
El Guettar
–
Gabès
road, where they linked up with the lead elements of the British
8th Army
. With the
Mareth Line
broken in the south of
Tunisia
, the remaining Axis forces made a retreat to join the other Axis forces in the north.
[16]
The American destroyer
Aaron Ward
was bombed and sunk in
Ironbottom Sound
by Japanese aircraft.
The German submarine
U-644
was torpedoed and sunk in the
Norwegian Sea
by the British submarine
Tuna
.
Bolivia
declared war against the
Axis powers
, becoming the 33rd nation to enter World War II on the side of the Allies.
[17]
Died:
Alexandre Millerand
, 84, President of France 1920–1924
April 8, 1943 (Thursday)
The Japanese decided to answer their logistic needs by building a new railway in northern Burma using forced labour.
[18]
The German submarine
U-733
sank in a collision with a patrol boat at
Gotenhafen
.
U-733
would be raised, repaired and returned to service.
The
Detroit Red Wings
defeated the
Boston Bruins
2–0 to sweep the
1943 Stanley Cup Finals
in four games.
[19]
The
1943 NFL draft
was held in Chicago. The
Detroit Lions
selected running back
Frank Sinkwich
of the
University of Georgia
as the #1 overall pick.
Born:
Michael Bennett
, American choreographer and director (
A Chorus Line
), and winner of seven Tony Awards; as Michael Bennett DiFiglia in
Buffalo, New York
(died of AIDS in 1987)
Died:
Harry Baur
, 62, French character actor, killed after being tortured by the Gestapo in Berlin
Otto and Elise Hampel
, 45 & 39, Germans
opposed to Nazism
, executed in Berlin
Richard Sears
, 81, seven-time U.S. tennis champion, 1881–1887
April 9, 1943 (Friday)
Liquidation of the Jews in the
Zborow ghetto
in German-occupied Ukraine began, with the shooting of about 2,300 people on the first day.
[20]
The Japanese destroyer
Isonami
was torpedoed and sunk in the
Banda Sea
by the American submarine
Tautog
.
The war film
Edge of Darkness
starring
Errol Flynn
and
Ann Sheridan
was released.
Died:
Philip Slier
, 19, a Jewish Dutch typesetter whose letters about life in a Nazi forced labor camp would be discovered in 1997, was killed in the
Sobibór extermination camp
April 10, 1943 (Saturday)
Former American college football star
Tom Harmon
, who had joined the U.S. Army Air Corps, disappeared while flying over Surinam. The only member of his crew to survive a crash in bad weather, Harmon survived for seven days by drinking swamp water and eating rations, Harmon was able to make his way to Paramaribo and was able to rejoin his unit.
[21]
The
Tunisian
port of
Sfax
was captured from the Axis powers by the British Army, led by General
Bernard Montgomery
in the course of the
North African Campaign
. Sfax would then become the base for the
Allied invasion of Sicily
as the first stage of the
Italian Campaign
.
[22]
The Italian cruiser
Trieste
sank in port at
La Maddalena
,
Sardinia
after being hit by several bombs from American B-24s.
Born:
Margaret Pemberton
, British romance and mystery author; as Margaret Hudson in
Bradford
April 11, 1943 (Sunday)
The Piasecki PV-2
Frank Piasecki
made the first flight of his own
Piasecki PV-2
, only the second successful American helicopter. The PV-2 "featured the first dynamically balanced rotor blades", differing it from the
Vought-Sikorsky VS-300
, which had made its first free flight on May 13, 1940.
[23]
The British destroyer
Beverley
was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine
U-188
.
Born:
Harley Race
, American pro wrestling star; in
Quitman, Missouri
(d. 2019)
Died:
Rufus Leonoir Patterson Jr.
, 70, inventor and developer of tobacco manufacturing machinery
James Hatsuaki Wakasa
, 63, former chef from San Francisco and an internee at the
Topaz War Relocation Center
near
Topaz, Utah
. Wakasa, a Japanese-born American citizen, had been relocated to Utah as part of the
Japanese American internment
. He was shot and killed by a
military policeman
, Private Gerald B. Philpott, after venturing too close to the fence surrounding the camp. Philpott would be acquitted of any wrongdoing at a
court-martial
.
[24]
April 12, 1943 (Monday)
Martin Bormann
was appointed as Secretary to the Führer, the second highest office in Nazi Germany.
[25]
The British War Office made its first report on the intelligence gathered concerning Germany's missile program, with the title "German Long-Range Rocket Development".
[26]
The crew of
Lady Be Good
; Co-pilot Toner is second from left
Eight days after he and his crewmates were lost in the Libyan desert in the crash of
Lady Be Good
, co-pilot and U.S. Army 2nd. Lt. Robert Toner wrote the last entry in his journal: "No help yet, very cold nite". The diary, and Toner's body, would be found nearly 17 years later.
[27]
On
Budget Day
in the United Kingdom,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Sir
Kingsley Wood
announced that the war had cost Britain a total of £13 billion to date and was costing £15 million per day. In the new financial year excess expenditure over revenue was estimated at £2,848,614,000.
[28]
April 13, 1943 (Tuesday)
Radio Berlin announced the discovery by
Wehrmacht
of mass graves of 10,000 Poles killed by the Soviets in the
Katyn massacre
.
[29]
[30]
In
Washington, D.C.
, the thirty-second U.S. president, Franklin Roosevelt, dedicated the
Jefferson Memorial
on the bicentennial of the birth of the third American president,
Thomas Jefferson
.
[31]
Died:
Oskar Schlemmer
, 54, German painter, sculptor, designer and choreographer associated with the
Bauhaus
school
April 14, 1943 (Wednesday)
The Commander of the 8th Japanese fleet broadcast a coded message concerning a tour of the fleet by the Naval Commander Admiral
Isoroku Yamamoto
to begin on April 18, probably in the high security code JN25 which Allied cryptanalysts had broken.
[32]
[33]
[34]
U.S. Senator
Harry S. Truman
of Missouri appeared as a speaker in Chicago at the "United Rally to Demand the Rescue of Doomed Jews", calling for the United States to respond directly to the Holocaust.
[35]
The Soviet Union reorganized its intelligence gathering system, setting up the
People's Commissariat for State Security
(NKGB, later the MGB) as a separate agency from the
NKVD
(later the
KGB
).
Lavrentiy Beria
remained in control of the NKVD, while Beria's assistant,
Vsevolod Merkulov
was named as the Director of the NKGB.
[36]
Both Beria and Merkulov, along with four other Beria loyalists, would be executed on December 23, 1953, nine months after the death of
Joseph Stalin
.
The German submarine
U-526
struck a mine and sank in the
Bay of Biscay
.
Four inmates of
Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary
attempted to escape from the prison, making it to the water when the tower guards opened fire on them. Two were killed and one hid until he was found three days later, but the body of the fourth, James Boarman, was never found.
[37]
April 15, 1943 (Thursday)
The U.S. Army established its first overseas "
V-Mail
" station in order to use the "Victory Mail" process to get letters to and from servicemen. The facility, based in
Casablanca
,
Morocco
, used the process of photographing, on
microfilm
, pre-screened letters to the United States so that mail could be transported to the U.S. with a minimum of space. V-Mail letters from the U.S. to servicemen were also put on microfilm, and enlarged prior to delivery.
[38]
The
State Bank of Ethiopia
was created as the new central bank in the African nation, which had recently been liberated from Italian control. The State Bank also had the authority to print banknotes and mint coins. It would be replaced in 1964 by the National Bank of Ethiopia.
[39]
The Fountainhead
, a novel by
Ayn Rand
, was released by Bobbs-Merrill and would go on to become her first bestseller.
[40]
The Sino-American Special Technical Cooperative Agreement was signed between the United States and the Republic of China, creating the
Sino-American Cooperative Organization
(SACO).
[41]
The Italian submarine
Archimede
was sunk off Brazil by an American
Consolidated PBY Catalina
.
April 16, 1943 (Friday)
An LSD blotter blotter paper
[42]
Discoverer Hoffmann
[43]
At the Sandoz laboratories in
Basel
,
Switzerland
, biochemist
Albert Hofmann
accidentally ingested the drug
LSD
for the first time in history, and recorded the details of his experience.
[44]
The
Battle of the Cigno Convoy
was fought southeast of
Marettimo
island in the Mediterranean Sea. The result was an Italian victory as the British destroyer
Pakenham
was sunk while the Italians lost one torpedo boat in return.
In Mexico,
Ramón Mercader
, a.k.a. Jacques Monard, was sentenced to 20 years in prison for assassinating
Leon Trotsky
with an ice pick in 1940.
[15]
Born:
Krzysztof Wodiczko
, Polish-born industrial designer and media artist; in
Warsaw
April 17, 1943 (Saturday)
The United States
War Manpower Commission
, headed by
Paul V. McNutt
, issued an order that prevented 27,000,000 civilian employees from changing jobs. Basically, an employee in an "essential activity" could not be hired to a job that was not essential to the war effort, unless he or she remained unemployed for at least 30 days. Likewise, a vital employer could not offer a higher wage rate to lure a worker from another vital employer without 30 days between jobs. Business owners and employees who violated the regulation were subject to a fine of up to $1,000 per violation and a year in prison. The manpower "freeze" was to remain in effect until the end of the war.
[45]
A fleet of 117
B-17
bombers of the U.S. Eighth Army Air Force raided
Bremen
.
[18]
Horthy and Hitler in 1938
At a meeting in
Salzburg
with German Führer Adolf Hitler and Foreign Minister Ribbentrop, Admiral
Miklós Horthy
, the Regent and Head of State for the
Kingdom of Hungary
, refused a personal request by Germany to deliver 800,000 Hungarian Jews to the Nazis, despite the alliance between the two as Axis powers.
[3]
The German submarine
U-175
was depth charged and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by the American coast guard cutter
Spencer
.
Luftwaffe
dive bombers raided the North African port of
Algiers
. Fifteen Catholic
Religious Sisters
perished at their prayers as the bombs demolished an orphanage. The fifteen who died and three sisters who were severely wounded remained behind to pray when the raid started while other sisters led sixty orphans from the building to the safety of an air raid shelter. Among the victims was Mother Superior Marie Duval, who had been at the convent for 31 years. General
Henri Honore Giraud
, civil and military commander-in-chief of French North and West Africa, awarded Duval the French
Legion of Honor
posthumously, stating: "On April 17, 1943, she was a victim of German barbarism, as were fourteen of her sisters."
[46]
April 18, 1943 (Sunday)
Isoroku Yamamoto
Admiral
Isoroku Yamamoto
, the Commander-in-Chief of the Japanese Navy and the architect of the December 7, 1941, attack on
Pearl Harbor
, was
killed when the plane that he was on was shot down
by U.S. Army fighter pilot
Thomas Lanphier, Jr
. American naval intelligence had intercepted and decoded a Japanese message that included the itinerary for an inspection tour that Yamamoto was making of the
Solomon Islands
. The body of Yamamoto, who was mortally wounded by
Bougainville Island
, was found the next day by a Japanese search party.
[47]
The British submarine
Regent
struck a mine and sank in the
Strait of Otranto
.
April 19, 1943 (Monday)
Fourteen German citizens associated with the
White Rose
anti-Nazi
resistance group are found guilty and promptly executed for crimes against the
Nazi
regime.
[48]
At 8:00 am, SS Polizeifuhrer
Jürgen Stroop
commenced the final destruction of the
Warsaw Ghetto
and breaking of the
Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
, with German SS troops fighting the Jewish resistance. The operation would not be completed until May 16.
[49]
The Jewish defenders would kill 16 Germans and wound 85.
[50]
The escape of 233 Belgian Jews from a train bound for Auschwitz
was made possible by a raid by three members of the
Belgian resistance movement
.
[51]
The train was halted shortly after it had departed the concentration camp at
Mechelen
with 1,631 internees, bound for the
Auschwitz concentration camp
. Of the 233 who fled, 118 were able to get away. Another 89 were recaptured, and 26 were killed.
Biochemist
Albert Hofmann
followed up his accidental experience of three days earlier by intentionally ingesting 250 μg of
lysergic acid diethylamide
in an attempt to bioassay the substance.
[52]
Winston Churchill announced in the House of Commons that restrictions on the ringing of church bells throughout Britain would be lifted now that the threat of German invasion had passed.
[15]
Operation I-Go
ended inconclusively.
Gérard Côté
won the
Boston Marathon
.
[53]
April 20, 1943 (Tuesday)
In Tunisia,
Bernard Montgomery
approved an uncharacteristically aggressive series of small attacks against strongly defended Axis positions at
Enfidha
. Heavy Allied casualties resulted.
[18]
The RAF marked Hitler's 54th birthday by bombing Berlin and three other cities.
[15]
Hitler himself passed the day quietly at the
Berghof
.
[54]
Mamoru Shigemitsu
, Japan's Minister of Greater East Asia, was selected by Prime Minister Tojo to be the new Japanese
Minister for Foreign Affairs
, replacing
Masayuki Tani
.
[55]
Born:
John Eliot Gardiner
, English conductor; in
Fontmell Magna
,
Dorset
April 21, 1943 (Wednesday)
The bombing of
Aberdeen
killed 98 civilians and 27 servicemen. The attack was the worst of 34 separate German air raids on the Scottish city.
[56]
Admiral
Mineichi Koga
became the new Commander of the Japanese Navy, succeeding the late Admiral Yamamoto.
[57]
Captain Frederick M. Trapnell became the first U.S. Navy aviator to fly a jet airplane, when he took up the Bell P-59 from the Muroc Army Air Field (now Edwards Air Force Base) in California. Colonel Laurence C. Craigie of the U.S. Army had flown the P-59 on October 2, 1942.
[58]
The American submarine
Grenadier
was bombed by Japanese aircraft in the
Strait of Malacca
and scuttled the next day.
The British submarine
Splendid
was shelled and damaged off
Corsica
by German destroyer
Hermes
and was scuttled to prevent capture.
April 22, 1943 (Thursday)
The final Allied attack on Tunisia began with the opening of the
Battle of Longstop Hill
.
[59]
The Battles of
Bobdubi
and
Mubo
began between Australian and Japanese forces in the
Territory of New Guinea
.
Born:
Louise Glück
, American poet laureate, 2003—2004; in New York City (d. 2023)
April 23, 1943 (Friday)
SS Polizeifuhrer
Jürgen Stroop
carried out the order by
Heinrich Himmler
to burn down all of the buildings in the Warsaw Ghetto.
[3]
[60]
The
Battle of Longstop Hill
ended in British victory.
The German submarines
U-189
and
U-191
were both lost to enemy action in the Atlantic Ocean, while
U-602
went missing on patrol in the Mediterranean Sea.
Born:
Tony Esposito
, Canadian ice hockey player and Hockey Hall of Fame inductee; in
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
(d. 2021)
Gail Goodrich
, American basketball player and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee; in
Los Angeles
"
Fighting Harada
" (Masahiko Harada), Japanese professional boxer, world bantamweight champion 1965–1968, in
Tokyo
Hervé Villechaize
, French television actor who portrayed "Tattoo" on
Fantasy Island
, in
Paris
(committed suicide 1993)
April 24, 1943 (Saturday)
The
Fire Department of New York
(FDNY) responded to a fire on the munitions ship
El Estero
that threatened to destroy the port. The ship had been loading torpedoes at a pier used by the U.S. Army, caught fire, and began drifting after burning through the lines that tied it to the dock. The FDNY
fireboat
,
Fire Fighter
spent seven harrowing hours towing the ship away and then inundating it with enough water to sink it. An explosion of the ship could have set off a chain reaction that would have blown up other ammunition ships, tanks of natural gas, gasoline and oil on the shore, and "the largest ammunition dump in the U.S.", located on the New Jersey shore. Twelve years later, an author would describe the event as "the night New York City almost blew up".
[61]
The British submarine
Sahib
was scuttled after being depth charged and damaged off
Capo di Milazzo
,
Sicily
by a Luftwaffe
Junkers Ju 88
.
The German submarine
U-710
was sunk in the North Atlantic by a B-17 of
No. 206 Squadron RAF
.
Died:
Kurt von Hammerstein-Equord
, 64, German general
Kenneth Whiting
, 61, U.S. Navy Commander described as the "father of the aircraft carrier", died of a heart attack while hospitalized for pneumonia.
April 25, 1943 (Sunday)
The German submarine
U-203
was sunk off
Cape Farewell, Greenland
by British aircraft and the Royal Navy destroyer
Pathfinder
.
Easter
occurred on the latest possible date. The last time it had happened had been on April 25,
1886
, and the next time will be on April 25,
2038
.
Born:
James G. Mitchell
, Canadian-born computer scientist; in
Kitchener, Ontario
April 26, 1943 (Monday)
The aircraft carrier USS
Intrepid
was launched from
Newport News, Virginia
, and would be commissioned on August 16.
[62]
The
Easter Riots
broke out at a manifestation by a Nazi party in
Uppsala
,
Sweden
.
Born:
Dominik Duka
, Czech Roman Catholic priest and
Archbishop of Prague
; in
Hradec Králové
, in the German "
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
" (now the
Czech Republic
)
April 27, 1943 (Tuesday)
The
Battle of Hill 609
began between American and German forces in Tunisia.
Because of German labor needs occasioned by World War II,
Heinrich Himmler
directed concentration camps to avoid murdering those persons who were able to work, and to make it a priority to execute "the mentally ill who could not work".
[63]
The German submarine
U-174
was depth charged and sunk south of
Newfoundland
by an American
Lockheed Ventura
.
April 28, 1943 (Wednesday)
SS
Kamakura Maru
, a Japanese troop ship that had been converted from the ocean liner
Chichibu Maru
, was torpedoed and sunk in the Pacific Ocean by the American submarine
USS
Gudgeon
, with the loss of 2,035 of the 2,500 people on board.
[64]
British Commandos of
No. 14 (Arctic) Commando
began
Operation Checkmate
, a raid on shipping at
Haugesund
, Norway.
Born:
John O. Creighton
, American astronaut on three missions; in
Orange, Texas
Jim Northrup
, American Indian (Ojibway) humorist and author; in
Cloquet, Minnesota
(d. 2016)
April 29, 1943 (Thursday)
The Allied shipping
Convoy ONS 5
of 42 ships strong with 7 escorts, was attacked by over 40 German U-boats. Over the days, the convoy lost 13 ships totaling 63,000 tons, the escorts had inflicted the loss of 7 U-boats. This period is considered a turning point in the
Battle of the Atlantic
(known as
Black May
).
[65]
The American freighter SS
McKeesport
was torpedoed and sunk by a German submarine, leading to a sea battle that continued over the next several weeks, during which 47 German U-boats were sunk.
[66]
The German submarine
U-332
was depth charged and sunk in the Bay of Biscay by a B-23 of
No. 224 Squadron RAF
.
Died:
Canadian soldier
August Sangret
, 29, was hanged in London's
Wandsworth Prison
, after being convicted of killing his girlfriend Joan Wolfe, in what was called "The Wigwam Murder".
[67]
April 30, 1943 (Friday)
The British submarine HMS
Seraph
surfaced off of the coast of Spain, near Huelva, and dumped the body of "Major Martin" into the Mediterranean Sea as part of the
Operation Mincemeat
, to deceive German intelligence on plans for an Allied invasion of the continent.
[68]
The German submarine
U-227
was depth charged and sunk north of the
Faroe Islands
by a
Handley Page Hampden
of
No. 455 Squadron RAAF
.
Born:
Frederick Chiluba
, second
President of Zambia
(1991–2002); in
Kitwe
,
Northern Rhodesia
(now Zambia) (d. 2011)
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, April 9, 1943, p16
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, April 13, 1943, p1
^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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^
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v
t
e
Events by month
1947
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1946
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1945
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1944
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1943
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1942
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1941
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1940
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1939
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
1938
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
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