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April 1941
April 1, 1941 (Tuesday)
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The following events occurred in
April 1941
:
April 1
, 1941 (Tuesday)
The
Battle of Keren
in East Africa ended in Allied victory.
The British withdrew from
Brega
.
[1]
The
Iraqi coup d'état
overthrew the regime of Regent
'Abd al-Ilah
and installed a pro-Nazi government with
Rashid Ali al-Gaylani
as Prime Minister.
The
Royal Air Force
dropped the first 4,000-pound
blockbuster bombs
of the war, by
Vickers Wellington
medium bombers in a raid over
Emden
.
[2]
The
United States
and
Mexico
signed an agreement in Washington allowing the reciprocal use of airfields and air space for the civil and military aircraft of both countries.
[3]
Ford Motor Company
workers at the
River Rouge plant
in Michigan went on strike in protest of the firing of several union members.
[4]
April 2
, 1941 (Wednesday)
German and Italian forces pushed the British out of
Ajdabiya
.
[5]
During one of his radio broadcasts, the anonymous pro-Nazi commentator derisively nicknamed
Lord Haw-Haw
confirmed his identity as
William Joyce
.
[6]
Born:
Dr. Demento
, disc jockey and novelty record collector, in
Minneapolis
,
Minnesota
April 3
, 1941 (Thursday)
British troops captured
Asmara
, the capital of
Eritrea
.
[7]
Hitler issued
Directive No. 26
, Co-operation with our Allies in the Balkans.
László Bárdossy
became
Prime Minister of Hungary
after Pál Teleki's suicide.
German submarines
U-564
and
U-652
were commissioned.
Born:
Eric Braeden
, actor, in
Bredenbek
,
Germany
;
Jorma Hynninen
, baritone, in
Leppävirta
,
Finland
;
Philippé Wynne
, soul and funk singer, in
Detroit
,
Michigan
(d. 1984)
Died:
Pál Teleki
, 61, Prime Minister of Hungary (suicide)
April 4
, 1941 (Friday)
The naval battle known as the
action of 4 April 1941
was fought in the mid-
Atlantic Ocean
. The German commerce raider
Thor
sank the British auxiliary cruiser
Voltaire
.
The Germans and Italians took
Benghazi
.
[5]
Hitler issued
Directive No. 27
, Plan of Attack on Greece.
The Greek torpedo boat
Proussa
was sunk by Italian aircraft off
Corfu
.
Born:
Bill Tarmey
, actor, singer and author, in
Ardwick
,
Manchester
, England (d. 2012)
April 5
, 1941 (Saturday)
Henry Maitland Wilson
officially took command of the British "W" Force in Greece.
[8]
German submarine
U-76
was depth charged and sunk in the North Atlantic by British warships.
Operation Savanna
ended with the main Allied objective having failed.
German submarine
U-431
was commissioned.
The drama film
The Great Lie
starring
Bette Davis
,
George Brent
and
Mary Astor
premiered in
Littleton, New Hampshire
as a benefit for a local hospital, one week before opening nationwide.
Died:
Parvin E'tesami
, 34, Iranian poet;
Nigel Gresley
, 64, British steam locomotive engineer;
Franciszek Kleeberg
, 53, Polish general
April 6
, 1941 (Sunday)
At 1:30 a.m. in
Moscow
, the
Soviet Union
and the new government of
Yugoslavia
signed a treaty of friendship and non-aggression. The treaty was backdated to April 5, possibly in anticipation of a German attack and the Russians wanting to avoid any impression that the agreement was signed while Yugoslavia was at war.
[9]
[10]
The German-led
Battle of Greece
began at dawn when the
XL Panzer Corps
crossed the Greek border.
[11]
The
Battle of the Metaxas Line
began.
The German-led
invasion of Yugoslavia
began at 7 a.m. with a Luftwaffe assault, the opening stage of
Operation Retribution
.
[11]
The Allies captured the Ethiopian capital of
Addis Ababa
.
[12]
German battleship
Gneisenau
was heavily damaged by a
Bristol Beaufort
torpedo bomber while moored in Brest, France.
The British cargo ship
Clan Fraser
was bombed by the Luftwaffe and sunk at
Piraeus
.
Craig Wood
won the
Masters Tournament
.
Born:
Gheorghe Zamfir
, pan flute musician, in
Găești
,
Romania
Died:
Kenneth Campbell
, 23, Scottish pilot and posthumous Victoria Cross recipient (killed in the attack on the
Gneisenau
);
Agenore Frangipani
, 64, Italian general and
Governor of Addis Ababa
(suicide)
April 7
, 1941 (Monday)
Axis troops retook
Derna, Libya
.
[5]
The Luftwaffe sank 12 ships in an attack on the Greek port of
Piraeus
.
[13]
On
Budget Day
in the United Kingdom,
Chancellor of the Exchequer
Kingsley Wood
presented an innovative plan modeled after
Keynesian economics
that used taxation and
forced savings
to attack an estimated £500 million "inflation gap". Wood increased taxes by £250 million and projected a deficit of £2.304 billion, almost identical to the previous year's deficit of £2.475 billion.
[14]
[15]
British newspaper editorials generally found the wartime sacrifices asked for in the budget to be reasonable and the stock exchange also took the news of the budget well.
[16]
For the first time in British history, a majority of the population was liable to
income tax
.
[17]
Britain severed diplomatic relations with
Hungary
, saying it had "become a base of operations against the Allies."
[18]
The first night of the
Belfast Blitz
began.
British general
Richard O'Connor
was captured by a German reconnaissance patrol in North Africa.
The results of a
Gallup
poll were published asking Americans, "Which of these two things do you think it is more important for the United States to try to do — to keep out of the war ourselves, or to help England win, even at the risk of getting into the war?" 67% said help England, a 7 percent increase since the same question was polled three months previously.
[19]
April 8
, 1941 (Tuesday)
British forces captured the crucial port city of
Massawa
and completed the conquest of
Italian Eritrea
.
[5]
[12]
Axis troops captured
Mechili
, Libya.
[20]
President Roosevelt sent
Peter II of Yugoslavia
a message promising that "the United States will speedily furnish all material assistance possible in accordance with its existing statutes. I send Your Majesty my most earnest hopes for a successful resistance to this criminal assault upon the independence and integrity of your country."
[21]
Born:
Peggy Lennon, singer (
The Lennon Sisters
), in
Los Angeles
,
California
April 9
, 1941 (Wednesday)
On the night of April 9 British airmen made the heaviest attack on Berlin which the city had so far suffered. The damage was done in the Government quarter and civilian casualties amounted to more than 2000.
The
Battle of Shanggao
ended in Chinese victory.
The
Battle of the Metaxas Line
ended in German victory.
The Germans captured
Thessaloniki
.
[22]
Greenland in World War II
: The U.S. and Danish governments signed an agreement in which the Americans took over the defense of
Greenland
in exchange for the right to build air and naval bases there. The U.S. established a
protectorate
over Greenland the following day.
[23]
Winston Churchill
made a lengthy speech before the House of Commons reviewing the course of the war. He said in conclusion: "Once we have gained the
Battle of the Atlantic
and are sure of the constant flow of American supplies which are being prepared for us, then, however far Hitler may go or whatever new millions and scores of millions he may lap in misery, we who are armed with the sword of retributive justice shall be on his track."
[24]
American battleship USS
North Carolina
was commissioned.
Born:
Kay Adams
, country singer, in
Knox City, Texas
April 10
, 1941 (Thursday)
The Germans captured
Zagreb
and the
Independent State of Croatia
was proclaimed.
[25]
The
Siege of Tobruk
began.
German battleship
Gneisenau
was hit again in an RAF raid on Brest.
[1]
German submarines
U-401
and
U-565
were commissioned.
The trial of Anthony and William Esposito began in New York City. The brothers faced two counts of murder for the January 14 slaying of a police officer and a holdup victim. The case was a sensation in the New York media, who dubbed the defendants the "Mad Dog" brothers because they entered an
insanity defense
and displayed wild behavior such as walking in and out of the courtroom like apes, howling and gnawing on their own fingers.
[26]
[27]
April 11
, 1941 (Friday)
Hungary
joined the invasion of Yugoslavia. The
Hungarian occupation of Yugoslav territories
began.
Battle of Vevi
: British, Australian and New Zealand troops engaged the Germans in Greece for the first time south of
Vevi
.
[20]
The Ford strike in Michigan ended after ten days with both sides agreeing to make concessions.
[28]
The comedy film
Road to Zanzibar
, the second in the popular
Road to ...
film series starring
Bing Crosby
and
Bob Hope
, was released.
Born:
Shirley Stelfox
, actress, in
Dukinfield
,
Cheshire
, England (d. 2015)
April 12
, 1941 (Saturday)
The Germans captured
Belgrade
.
[29]
The
Battle of Vevi
ended in German victory.
In North Africa, the Germans captured
Fort Capuzzo
and
Bardia
.
[30]
The Yugoslav monitors
Morava
,
Sava
and
Vardar
were scuttled to prevent capture.
The
Boston Bruins
beat the
Detroit Red Wings
3–1 to win the
Stanley Cup
in a four-game sweep.
Born:
Bobby Moore
, footballer, in
Barking
,
Essex
, England (d. 1993)
April 13
, 1941 (Sunday)
The
Battle of Ptolemaida
was fought, resulting in German victory.
The
Battle of Kleisoura Pass
began.
Soviet–Japanese Neutrality Pact
: Japan and the Soviet Union signed a five-year Treaty of Neutrality, pledging to remain neutral in the event of one country being attacked by a third party.
[20]
[23]
The pact also saw the Soviet Union recognize du jure
Manchukuo
for the first time.
[31]
The British armed merchant cruiser
Rajputana
was torpedoed and sunk in the North Atlantic by German submarine
U-108
.
Pope Pius XII
broadcast an Easter address asking listeners to pray for an early peace. He directed a message to the occupying powers as well, saying, "let your conscience guide you in dealing justly, humanely and providently with the peoples of occupied territories. Do not impose upon them burdens which you in similar circumstances have felt or would feel to be unjust." The pope also called for an end to attacks against civilian targets.
[32]
[33]
Born:
Michael Stuart Brown
, geneticist and Nobel laureate, in
Brooklyn
,
New York
Died:
Annie Jump Cannon
, 77, American astronomer
April 14
, 1941 (Monday)
The
Battle of Kleisoura Pass
ended in German victory.
Peter II of Yugoslavia
fled to
Athens
as the German troops continued to advance.
[20]
Born:
Pete Rose
, baseball player, in
Cincinnati
,
Ohio
Died:
John Edmondson
, 26, Australian recipient of the Victoria Cross (killed in action at Tobruk)
April 15
, 1941 (Tuesday)
Sarajevo
surrendered to the Germans.
[20]
Belfast Blitz
: 200 Luftwaffe bombers attacked
Belfast
,
Northern Ireland
.
[20]
In western Ethiopia, Italian colonial forces and
Belgian Congolese troops
clashed at Bortai Brook near
Gambela
.
[34]
The
Colima earthquake
occurred in the State of
Michoacán
, Mexico. 90 people were reported dead.
Born:
Baby Lloyd Stallworth
, member of
The Famous Flames
soul and R&B vocal group, in
Tampa, Florida
(d. 2002)
April 16
, 1941 (Wednesday)
The
Battle of the Tarigo Convoy
was fought off the
Kerkennah Islands
near
Tunisia
. The British destroyer HMS
Mohawk
was sunk but the Italians lost two destroyers and five cargo ships.
Armistice negotiations began between the Yugoslavians and the Germans.
[20]
The British aircraft carrier HMS
Furious
was damaged in another day of German bombing during the Belfast Blitz.
[20]
The entire 1st Division of the Italian 62nd Regiment was captured in a failed attack on Tobruk.
[20]
Died:
Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp
, 60, English industrialist, economist and civil servant
April 17
, 1941 (Thursday)
Yugoslavia formally surrendered to the Axis.
[20]
The Yugoslav destroyer
Zagreb
was scuttled to prevent capture.
German submarine
U-566
was commissioned.
Died:
Sergej Mašera
, 28, Yugoslav Navy officer;
Milan Spasić
, 31, Yugoslav Navy officer;
Al Bowlly
, famed British musician, 43. Killed by a Luftwaffe
parachute mine
that detonated outside his flat.
April 18
, 1941 (Friday)
Memorial for a
Royal Air Force
Hampden bomber
that crashed in the
Wicklow Mountains
, Ireland on 18 April 1941, with 4 deaths.
The German
6th Mountain Division
reached
Mount Olympus
.
[20]
Athens was placed under martial law after Greek Prime Minister
Alexandros Koryzis
committed suicide.
[20]
Vichy France
announced its withdrawal from the
League of Nations
.
[23]
Angler POW escape
: 80 prisoners attempted to escape from the Angler POW camp near
Neys Provincial Park
in
Ontario
,
Canada
. Most were quickly apprehended except for two who managed to get all the way to
Medicine Hat, Alberta
by train before they were recaptured.
The
Messerschmitt Me 262
prototype had its first test flight, although only with a piston engine at first.
Born:
Michael D. Higgins
, 9th President of Ireland, in
Limerick
,
Ireland
Died:
Alexandros Koryzis
, 55 or 56, Prime Minister of Greece (suicide)
April 19
, 1941 (Saturday)
The Germans captured
Larissa
.
[20]
The amphibious landing of
British Commandos
at
Bardia
known as the
Bardia raid
began.
A nighttime German air-raid on London killed 13 firefighters, the largest single loss of firefighters in British history.
[20]
The
Bertolt Brecht
play
Mother Courage and Her Children
had its world premiere at the
Schauspielhaus Zürich
in Switzerland.
[35]
German submarine
U-372
was commissioned.
Les Pawson
won the
Boston Marathon
.
[36]
Steve Stanko
posted the World's first official 1000 pound total at the Mid-Atlantic Championships in York Pennsylvania. He achieved this by posting a 310-pound clean and Press, a 310-pound snatch, and a 380-pound Clean and Jerk.
[37]
April 20
, 1941 (Sunday)
Greek General
Georgios Tsolakoglou
, determined to deny the Italians the satisfaction of a victory he believed they had not earned, surrendered the
Greek III Army Corps
to the Germans.
[20]
[38]
The air battle over
Athens
known as the
Battle of Athens
occurred.
The
Bardia raid
ended in British victory.
The British cargo liner
Empire Endurance
was torpedoed and sunk west of
Rockall
by the German submarine
U-73
.
Luftwaffe aircraft bombed and sank the Greek passenger ship
Ithaki
in
Souda Bay
and the Greek destroyer
Psara
in the
Saronic Gulf
.
The Greek destroyer
Vasilefs Georgios
was scuttled in the
Salamis Naval Base
to prevent capture. The Germans later raised it and put it into service as
Hermes
.
Born:
Ryan O'Neal
, actor, in
Los Angeles
,
California
Died:
Pat Pattle
, 26, South African fighter ace (killed in the Battle of Athens)
April 21
, 1941 (Monday)
Georgios Tsolakoglou
disobeyed orders from Greek high command and signed surrender papers to
Sepp Dietrich
in Larissa so the Greek army would not have to surrender to the Italians.
[39]
The
Royal Navy
bombarded
Tripoli
, damaging the
Italian torpedo boat
Partenope
and six freighters.
[20]
Emmanouil Tsouderos
became Prime Minister of Greece.
The Greek destroyer
Thyella
was bombed and sunk by the Luftwaffe off
Vouliagmeni
.
The writer
Rex Stout
made a speech in New York City in which he attacked the
isolationist
activism of
Charles Lindbergh
, saying, "I wish I could look you in the eye, Colonel Lindbergh, when I tell you that you simply don't know what it's all about ... A desperate war is being fought, and the winners of the war will win the oceans. No matter what we do, we shall be either one of the winners, or one of the losers; no shivering neutral will get a bite of anything but crow when the shooting stops. It would therefore seem to be plain imbecility not to go in with Britain and win."
[40]
April 22
, 1941 (Tuesday)
The British captured Camboicia Pass in Ethiopia and took 1,200 Italians prisoner.
[20]
The Luftwaffe bombed and sunk the Greek destroyer
Hydra
and the cargo ship
Frinton
.
In the
Plymouth Blitz
, the communal air-raid shelter at Portland Square took a direct hit which killed 72 people.
The
Territory of the Military Commander in Serbia
was established.
April 23
, 1941 (Wednesday)
At Mussolini's insistence, a second Greek surrender document was signed up in Thessaloniki that included the Italians.
[39]
King
George II of Greece
and the Greek government fled to Crete.
[31]
The Greek battleship
Kilkis
and barracks ship
Lemnos
were bombed and sunk in Salamis Naval Base by the Luftwaffe.
The results of a
Gallup
poll were published asking Americans, "If it appears certain that Britain will be defeated unless we use part of our navy to protect ships going to Britain, would you favor or oppose such convoys?" 71% expressed favor, 21% were opposed and 8% expressed no opinion.
[19]
Born:
Paavo Lipponen
, Prime Minister of Finland, in
Turtola
,
Finland
;
Ed Stewart
, broadcaster, in
Exmouth
,
Devon
, England (d. 2016)
April 24
, 1941 (Thursday)
The
Battle of Thermopylae
began.
German submarines
U-127
and
U-567
were commissioned.
Born:
Richard Holbrooke
, diplomat, in
New York City
(d. 2010);
John Williams
, classical guitarist, in
Melbourne
,
Australia
Died:
Karin Boye
, 40, Swedish poet and novelist
April 25
, 1941 (Friday)
The
Battle of Thermopylae
ended in German victory, although the Allies fought a successful delaying action.
Hitler issued
Directive No. 28
, Invasion of Crete.
During a press conference, U.S. President
Franklin D. Roosevelt
seemed to compare Charles Lindbergh to
Clement Vallandigham
and the
Copperheads
of the
American Civil War
. Without using Lindbergh's name, Roosevelt said, "There are people in this country ... [who] say out of one side of the mouth, 'No, I don't like it, I don't like dictatorship,' and then out of the other side of the mouth, 'Well, it's going to beat democracy, it's going to defeat democracy, therefore I might just as well accept it.' Now, I don't call that good Americanism ... Well, Vallandigham, as you know, was an appeaser. He wanted to make peace from 1863 on because the North 'couldn't win.' Once upon a time there was a place called
Valley Forge
and there were an awful lot of appeasers that pleaded with
Washington
to quit, because he 'couldn't win.' Just because he 'couldn't win.' See what
Tom Paine
said at that time in favor of Washington keeping on fighting!"
[41]
[42]
The British submarine
Usk
was lost in the Mediterranean, probably to a naval mine, on or sometime after this date.
April 26
, 1941 (Saturday)
The
Battle of the Corinth Canal
was fought, resulting in German victory.
South African
1st Brigade
captured
Dessie
in northern Ethiopia and took 4,000 Italians prisoner.
[20]
Soviet General
Georgy Zhukov
ordered a creeping mobilization of the
Red Army
.
[20]
German submarine
U-432
was commissioned.
April 27
, 1941 (Sunday)
German troops marched into
Athens
.
[23]
Slamat
disaster
: The Dutch troopship
Slamat
and the British destroyers
Diamond
and
Wryneck
were sunk in air attacks by
Stuka
dive bombers.
Winston Churchill made a radio broadcast reporting on the war situation. "When I spoke to you early in February many people believed the Nazi boastings that the invasion of Britain was about to begin. Now it has not begun yet, and with every week that passes we grow stronger on the sea, in the air and in the number, quality, training and equipment of the great armies that now guard our island," Churchill said. Returning to the line in that February speech asking for the "tools" to "finish the job," Churchill said that "that is what it now seems the Americans are going to do. And that is why I feel a very strong conviction that though the Battle of the Atlantic will be long and hard and its issue is by no means yet determined, it has entered upon a more grim but at the same time a far more favourable phase."
[43]
General
Friedrich Paulus
was dispatched to North Africa to exert some control from
High Command
over
Erwin Rommel
, who had been disregarding most orders from Berlin.
[1]
Heinrich Himmler
inspected
Mauthausen concentration camp
.
[20]
Born:
Lee Roy Jordan
, American football player, in
Excel, Alabama
April 28
, 1941 (Monday)
The Italians began occupying the
Ionian
and
Aegean Islands
.
[44]
Free French
troops advanced into pro-Vichy
French Somaliland
.
[31]
German submarine
U-65
was depth charged and sunk in the North Atlantic by the British destroyer HMS
Douglas
.
Charles Lindbergh announced in a letter that he was resigning as a member of the Army Air Corps Reserve due to President Roosevelt's implied criticism of him. The
U.S. War Department
accepted his resignation the following day.
[45]
Another Gallup poll result was released asking Americans, "If you were asked to vote today on the question of the United States entering the war against Germany and Italy, how would you vote — to go into the war, or to stay out of the war?" 81% said stay out, a 7 percent decrease since the same question was polled in January. Another question asked, "If it appeared certain that there was no other way to defeat Germany and Italy except for the United States to go to war against them, would you be in favor of the United States going to war?" 68% said yes, 24% said no, and 8% expressed no opinion.
[19]
Born:
Ann-Margret
, actress, singer and dancer, in Valsjöbyn,
Jämtland County
,
Sweden
;
Karl Barry Sharpless
, chemist and Nobel laureate, in
Philadelphia
,
Pennsylvania
;
Iryna Zhylenko
, poet, in
Kiev
,
Ukrainian SSR
,
Soviet Union
(d. 2013)
April 29
, 1941 (Tuesday)
Allied resistance ceased on the Greek mainland when 8,000 British, New Zealand, Australian, Greek and Yugoslavian troops surrendered at
Kalamata
.
[20]
The British passenger ship
City of Nagpur
was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by the German submarine
U-75
.
German submarine
U-84
was commissioned.
Died:
Bob McCowan
, 66, Australian rugby union player
April 30
, 1941 (Wednesday)
Georgios Tsolakoglou
became the leader of the collaborationist
Hellenic State
.
Hitler set the launch date of
Operation Barbarossa
to June 22.
[20]
The Serbian puppet government known as the
Commissioner Government
was formed.
The troop transport
Nerissa
was torpedoed and sunk by German submarine
U-552
.
Nerissa
was the only transport carrying Canadian troops to be lost during the war.
The
Boston Evening Transcript
ceased publication after 111 years.
German submarine
U-501
was commissioned.
Died:
Edwin S. Porter
, 71, American filmmaker
References
^
a
b
c
Davidson, Edward; Manning, Dale (1999).
Chronology of World War Two
. London: Cassell & Co. pp.
64–68
.
ISBN
0-304-35309-4
.
^
"Events occurring on Tuesday, April 1, 1941"
.
WW2 Timelines
. 2011
. Retrieved
December 31,
2015
.
^
"Was war am 01. April 1941"
.
chroniknet
. Retrieved
December 31,
2015
.
^
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