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December 1939
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The following events occurred in
December 1939
:
December 1
, 1939 (Friday)
Risto Ryti
replaced
Aimo Cajander
as Prime Minister of Finland.
The
Soviet Union
created the
Finnish Democratic Republic
, a
puppet state
operating in Soviet-occupied parts of Finland.
A recruitment office for volunteers to fight for the Finns opened in
Stockholm
, Sweden.
[1]
December 2
, 1939 (Saturday)
The
Roosevelt
Administration imposed a "moral
embargo
" on the Soviet Union and urged American companies not to sell the Soviets airplanes or components in their manufacture.
[2]
The Red Army took
Petsamo
.
[3]
Navy
defeated
Army
10-0 in the
Army–Navy Game
in
Philadelphia
.
[4]
Born:
Harry Reid
, politician, in
Searchlight, Nevada
(d. 2021)
December 3
, 1939 (Sunday)
Finland appealed to the
League of Nations
for intervention.
[5]
24
Vickers Wellington
bombers raided German warships at
Heligoland
. A German anti-aircraft battery was hit, probably the first British bomb of the war to land on German soil.
[6]
Died:
Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll
, 91, sixth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert
December 4
, 1939 (Monday)
The German submarine
U-36
was sunk in the
Heligoland Bight
by the British submarine
Salmon
.
[7]
December 5
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The Soviet
7th Army
reached the
Mannerheim Line
.
[8]
Off the coast of
Uruguay
, the captain of the German passenger steamer
Ussukuma
decided to
scuttle
the ship when it was intercepted by the British cruiser
Ajax
. The
Ajax
rescued the 107 crew of the
Ussukuma
and interned them as enemy civilians.
Fritz Julius Kuhn
was sentenced to 2½ to 5 years in prison for larceny and forgery.
[9]
December 6
, 1939 (Wednesday)
The
Battle of Taipale
began.
The stage musical
DuBarry Was a Lady
with music by
Cole Porter
opened at the
46th Street Theatre
on Broadway.
December 7
, 1939 (Thursday)
The Battles of
Kollaa
and
Suomussalmi
began.
SS
Untersturmführer
Herbert Lange
began overseeing the euthanization of mentally disabled patients at the
Dziekanka
Psychiatric Hospital in
Gniezno
. Between this day and January 12, 1940, a total of 1,043 patients were loaded into a van and gassed with
carbon monoxide
.
[10]
December 8
, 1939 (Friday)
The Roosevelt administration sent Britain a diplomatic note protesting the British policy of seizing German goods on neutral ships.
[11]
Manuel Prado Ugarteche
became
President of Peru
.
Born:
Red Berenson
, ice hockey player and coach, in
Regina, Saskatchewan
;
James Galway
, flautist, in
Belfast
,
Northern Ireland
Died:
Ernest Schelling
, 63, American pianist and composer
December 9
, 1939 (Saturday)
The
Winnipeg Blue Bombers
edged the
Ottawa Rough Riders
8-7 to win the
27th Grey Cup
of Canadian football.
The
1940 NFL draft
was held. The
Chicago Cardinals
selected
George Cafego
of the
University of Tennessee
as the first overall pick.
The German auxiliary cruiser
Orion
was commissioned.
Born:
Virginia Vestoff
, American actress, in
New York City
,
New York
(d.
1982
of
cancer
)
[12]
December 10
, 1939 (Sunday)
The 1939
Nobel Prizes
were awarded in
Stockholm
. The recipients were
Ernest Lawrence
of the United States for
Physics
,
Adolf Butenandt
(Germany) and
Leopold Ružička
(Switzerland) for
Chemistry
,
Gerhard Domagk
(Germany) for
Physiology or Medicine
and
Frans Eemil Sillanpää
of Finland for
Literature
. The
Peace Prize
was not awarded.
[13]
Nazi Germany forced Butenandt and Domagk to refuse their awards at the time, but they accepted them after the war.
[14]
Lawrence did not travel to Europe because of the war but accepted his prize on February 29, 1940 at the
University of California, Berkeley
.
[15]
The first convoy of Canadian troops departed
Halifax, Nova Scotia
for England.
[16]
The
Green Bay Packers
beat the
New York Giants
27-0 in the
NFL Championship Game
.
December 11
, 1939 (Monday)
The
League of Nations
sent the Soviet Union a telegram calling for a cessation of hostilities with Finland and to submit the dispute with Finland to mediation by the League.
[17]
Born:
Thomas McGuane
, author, in
Wyandotte, Michigan
December 12
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The British destroyer
HMS
Duchess
sank in a collision with the battleship
Barham
off the
Mull of Kintyre
.
[18]
The
Battle of Tolvajärvi
was fought, resulting in Finnish victory.
German submarine
U-50
was commissioned.
Died:
Douglas Fairbanks
, 56, American actor and filmmaker (heart attack)
December 13
, 1939 (Wednesday)
Battle of the River Plate
: In South American waters, the German cruiser
Admiral Graf Spee
was critically damaged in a battle with the British warships
Exeter
,
Ajax
and
Achilles
.
Soviet prisoner transport ship
Indigirka
ran aground off the Japanese coast near
Sarufutsu
while transporting fishermen with families and prisoners released for war effort - 741 of about 1,500 persons on board perished.
December 14
, 1939 (Thursday)
The Soviet Union was expelled from the
League of Nations
after it was declared the aggressor in the war with Finland.
[19]
Of the main powers on the world stage Britain and France were now the only ones left in the League, since Germany, Italy and Japan had already quit and the United States never joined.
The Norwegian pro-Nazi politician
Vidkun Quisling
met with Hitler and high-ranking members of the German military in Berlin as the Nazis investigated ways to go about occupying Norway.
[20]
Born:
Ernie Davis
, American football player, in
New Salem-Buffington, Pennsylvania
(d. 1963)
December 15
, 1939 (Friday)
The epic historical romance film
Gone with the Wind
starring
Vivien Leigh
,
Clark Gable
,
Leslie Howard
and
Olivia de Havilland
premiered at
Loew's Grand Theatre
in
Atlanta
.
The government of
Uruguay
gave the
Admiral Graf Spee
72 hours to leave.
[21]
Nylon yarn was manufactured for the first time.
[19]
December 16
, 1939 (Saturday)
The
1st Battle of Summa
began.
German submarine
U-64
was commissioned.
December 17
, 1939 (Sunday)
The German cruiser
Admiral Graf Spee
was scuttled in neutral waters near
Montevideo
as the time limit to leave port was running out. Captain
Hans Langsdorff
believed that British reinforcements were nearby and that he had used up too much fuel and ammunition to fight his way back to Germany.
[22]
[23]
The decision to occupy Denmark was taken in Berlin.
[24]
The first Canadian troops arrived in Britain.
[19]
Born:
Eddie Kendricks
, singer-songwriter (
The Temptations
), in
Union Springs, Alabama
(d. 1992)
December 18
, 1939 (Monday)
The
Battle of the Heligoland Bight
was fought in the skies over the
Heligoland Bight
in northern Germany.
The
Battle of Kunlun Pass
began in the
Second Sino-Japanese War
.
Adolf Hitler
sent
Joseph Stalin
a telegram on his sixtieth birthday wishing him "good health and a happy future for the peoples of the friendly Soviet Union."
[25]
Born:
Alex Bennett
, talk radio host, in
San Francisco
;
Michael Moorcock
, science fiction and fantasy author, in London, England;
Harold E. Varmus
, molecular biologist and Nobel laureate, in
Oceanside, New York
Died:
Ernest Lawson
, 66, Canadian-American painter
December 19
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The
Anglo-French Supreme War Council
met for the fourth time and decided to send help to Finland if requested, against the wishes of the neutral Scandinavian nations.
[26]
Died:
Reginald F. Nicholson
, 87, American naval officer
December 20
, 1939 (Wednesday)
A fundraising rally for the
Finnish Relief Fund
called "Let's Help Finland" was held at
Madison Square Garden
in New York.
Herbert Hoover
made a speech at the event which was also broadcast to the American people.
[27]
Died:
Hans Langsdorff
, 45, German captain of the
Admiral Graf Spee
(suicide)
December 21
, 1939 (Thursday)
In the face of strong Finnish resistance, the Soviet Union halted large-scale operations in order to bring in more resources before attempting a new offensive.
[28]
The cantata
Zdravitsa
(
A Toast!
) by
Sergei Prokofiev
was performed for the first time in Moscow.
[19]
German submarine
U-62
was commissioned.
December 22
, 1939 (Friday)
The
1st Battle of Summa
ended in Finnish victory.
Many Indian Muslims celebrated a "
Day of Deliverance
" celebrating the resignation of members of the
Indian National Congress
from government offices in protest over not being consulted over India's decision to enter the war.
Two express trains collided in
Magdeburg
, Germany, killing at least 132 people.
[29]
The animated feature film
Gulliver's Travels
, loosely based on the
Jonathan Swift
story of the same name
, was released.
Born:
Al Ferrara
, baseball player, in
Brooklyn
, New York
Died:
Ma Rainey
, 53, American blues singer (heart attack)
December 23
, 1939 (Saturday)
Died:
Anthony Fokker
, 49, Dutch aviation pioneer and aircraft manufacturer
December 24
, 1939 (Sunday)
Pope Pius XII
gave a Christmas address to 25 cardinals in which he offered a five-point program as a basis for negotiating a "just and honorable peace."
[30]
Born:
Christiane Schmidtmer
, actress and model, in
Mannheim
, Germany (d. 2003)
December 25
, 1939 (Monday)
The
Battle of Kelja
began.
December 26
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The first
Royal Australian Air Force
squadron,
No. 10 Squadron RAAF
, arrived in Britain.
[6]
Wawer massacre
: 107 Polish civilians murdered by the German occupiers in
Wawer
, suburb of
Warsaw
on the night of 26 to 27 December 1939.
Born:
Phil Spector
, record producer, in
the Bronx
, New York (d. 2021)
December 27
, 1939 (Wednesday)
The 7.8 M
w
Erzincan earthquake
shakes eastern
Turkey
with a maximum
Mercalli intensity
of XII (
Extreme
). More than 32,000 people were killed and about 100,000 were injured.
The Battles of
Kelja
and
Taipale
ended in Finnish victories.
Born:
John Amos
, actor, in
Newark, New Jersey
Died:
Rinaldo Cuneo
, 62, American painter
December 28
, 1939 (Thursday)
The German submarine
U-30
spotted the British battleship HMS
Barham
west of the
Butt of Lewis
in the
Outer Hebrides
and hit it with a torpedo. Four crew members were killed but the
Barham
was able to make it back to
Liverpool
where it underwent six months of repairs.
[31]
The British
Minister of Food
W.S. Morrison
announced that starting January 8, rationing would be expanded to include butter, bacon, ham and sugar.
[32]
Issue #52 of
More Fun Comics
(
cover date
February 1940) was published, featuring the
first appearance
of the
Spectre
.
[33]
Born:
Yehoram Gaon
, Israeli actor and singer
December 29
, 1939 (Friday)
The
Consolidated B-24 Liberator
heavy bomber prototype had its first flight in the United States.
The historical drama film
The Hunchback of Notre Dame
was released in the United States.
Died:
Robert Edwin Bush
, 84, English cricketer and explorer;
Kelly Miller
, 76, African-American mathematician, sociologist and writer;
Madeleine Pelletier
, 65, French physician, feminist and activist
December 30
, 1939 (Saturday)
A passenger train and a troop train collided in
Naples
, killing about 40.
[34]
An article written by
Hermann Göring
appeared in the
Völkischer Beobachter
warning that as soon as Hitler ordered the Luftwaffe to attack Britain "it will make an assault such as world history never has experienced."
[35]
President
Roosevelt
named
Charles Edison
United States Secretary of the Navy
.
[36]
Born:
Felix Pappalardi
, rock bassist and producer, in
The Bronx
, New York (d. 1983)
December 31
, 1939 (Sunday)
New Year's Eve observances in Britain, France and Germany were very subdued due to
blackout
and noise restrictions. Most celebrations were held in private homes with the windows shuttered.
[37]
German Propaganda Minister
Joseph Goebbels
made a radio address reviewing the official Nazi version of the events of 1939. No predictions were made for 1940 other than saying that the next year "will be a hard year, and we must be ready for it."
[38]
Generalissimo
Francisco Franco
made a radio broadcast asking "all Spaniards in this period of depression which follows any war to close the mouths of grumblers and not permit the enemies of the state to take advantage of the situation."
[37]
Japan and the Soviet Union signed an accord on fishing rights in adjacent territorial waters.
[11]
Born:
Peter Camejo
, author, activist and politician, in New York City (d. 2008)
Died:
Frank Benson
, 81, British actor-manager
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.
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"Bund Chief Kuhn Gets 2½ to 5 Years".
Brooklyn Eagle
. December 5, 1939. p. 1.
^
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.
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