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July 1939
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The following events occurred in
July 1939
:
July 1
, 1939 (Saturday)
The
Irish Red Cross
was formally established.
Born:
Delaney Bramlett
, musician, in
Pontotoc, Mississippi
(d. 2008)
Died:
Louis Davids
, 55, Dutch cabaretier and revue artist
July 2
, 1939 (Sunday)
The Japanese launched a new offensive in the
Battles of Khalkhin Gol
, invading
Mongolia
with a force of 38,000 men.
[1]
The
1st World Science Fiction Convention
opened in New York in conjunction with the
World's Fair
.
July 3
, 1939 (Monday)
Neville Chamberlain
informed the House of Commons that the government had received reliable reports that "intensive measures of a military character" were taking place in
Danzig
.
[2]
July 4
, 1939 (Tuesday)
Lou Gehrig
, forced to retire after being diagnosed with
ALS
, made a farewell speech at
Yankee Stadium
on a day named in his honor. Gehrig said he considered himself "the luckiest man on the face of the earth." Gehrig's Yankees #4 is the first team number in Major League Baseball history to be retired. "
[3]
The Daily Telegraph
began a campaign to give
Winston Churchill
a position in the British cabinet. The
News Chronicle
,
The Yorkshire Post
,
The Observer
and
Picture Post
would join the campaign.
[4]
[5]
The
Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland
(Reich Association of Jews in Germany) was established as the sole legal Jewish organization in Germany.
[6]
A
bodybuilding
contest was held in
Chicago
, won by
Roland Essmaker
. Although similar events had been around for years, the fact that all entrants had to be registered with the
Amateur Athletic Union
provided an air of official recognition that had previously been absent from bodybuilding. The competition became an annual event with the winner earning the title of "
Mr. America
".
[7]
The radio show
Blondie
, based on the
comic strip of the same name
, premiered on
CBS
.
July 5
, 1939 (Wednesday)
The Japanese were beaten back across the
Khalkhyn Gol
.
[1]
Thousands of
Works Progress Administration
workers went on strike in protest against longer work hours.
[8]
55 were killed by flash floods in
Kentucky
.
[9]
Born:
Booker Edgerson
, American football player, in
Baxter County, Arkansas
.
July 6
, 1939 (Thursday)
McDonnell Aircraft
was founded by
James Smith McDonnell
.
Born:
Jet Harris
, bassist of
the Shadows
, in
Kingsbury
,
North London
, England (d. 2011)
July 7
, 1939 (Friday)
Hashim al-Atassi
resigned as
President of Syria
in protest against the French cession of the
Republic of Hatay
to Turkey.
[10]
The French appointed
Bahij al-Khatib
to succeed him as Head of State.
Dick Burton
of England won the
Open Championship
.
Bobby Riggs
defeated fellow American
Elwood Cooke
in the
Gentlemen's Singles final
at
Wimbledon
.
[11]
The automotive company
SeAZ
was founded in the Soviet Union.
The French comedy-drama film
The Rules of the Game
directed by
Jean Renoir
premiered in Paris.
[10]
Died:
Deacon White
, 91, American baseball player
July 8
, 1939 (Saturday)
Alice Marble
of the United States defeated
Kay Stammers
of the United Kingdom in the
Ladies' Singles final
at
Wimbledon
.
[12]
The southern third of England (excepting London) was darkened for an air raid test.
[13]
Shining One won the 2nd annual
Hollywood Derby
.
[14]
Died:
Havelock Ellis
, 80, English physician, writer and sexologist
July 9
, 1939 (Sunday)
Thousands of Nazis held rallies in
Danzig
. District Leader
Albert Forster
declared he was confident that Hitler would "liberate" the city and demanded that Poland give up privileges of storing arms in a munitions depot on the
Westerplatte
.
[15]
Hermann Paul Müller
of Germany won the
French Grand Prix
.
July 10
, 1939 (Monday)
In
Francoist Spain
,
Julián Besteiro
was sentenced to thirty years imprisonment for aiding rebellion.
[16]
Len Harvey
defeated
Jock McAvoy
at
White City Stadium
in London to win the British light heavyweight boxing title.
[17]
Born:
Mavis Staples
, singer, actress and civil rights activist, in
Chicago
,
Illinois
July 11
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The U.S.
Foreign Relations Committee
voted 12–11 to defer discussion of revising the
Neutrality Act
until the next session, scheduled for January 1940. This was a defeat for President
Roosevelt
, who wanted to repeal the clause that placed an embargo on trade with belligerents, but
isolationism
in the Senate was strong.
[18]
The
American League
beat the
National League
3–1 in the
7th Major League Baseball All-Star Game
at
Yankee Stadium
.
July 12
, 1939 (Wednesday)
Dino Grandi
was recalled as Italy's ambassador to London. The British government was snubbed by not being given any formal notification.
[19]
The
Trinidad and Tobago Red Cross Society
was founded.
July 13
, 1939 (Thursday)
Two French newspaper executives were charged with espionage and taking money from the German government to publish defeatist propaganda.
[20]
The swashbuckler film
The Man in the Iron Mask
starring
Louis Hayward
,
Joan Bennett
and
Warren William
was released.
July 14
, 1939 (Friday)
President Roosevelt said that there could not be strikes against the government and that the present WPA strike was such action.
[21]
Hundreds of British troops joined the French in
Bastille Day
parades marking the 150th anniversary of the
Storming of the Bastille
. It was the first time that Britain and France held military demonstrations together since the
World War
.
[22]
Born:
Karel Gott
, Schlager singer, in
Plzeň
,
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia
(d. 2019);
Sid Haig
, actor, in
Fresno, California
(d. 2019);
George Edgar Slusser
, scholar, professor and writer, in San Francisco, California (d. 2014)
Died:
Alphonse Mucha
, 78, Czech artist;
Kate Ker-Lane
, 78, English fashion designer and retailer
July 15
, 1939 (Saturday)
Henry Picard
won the
22nd PGA Championship
.
The
Manila Broadcasting Company
first went on the air in the
Philippines
as KZRH.
"
Stairway to the Stars
" by
Glenn Miller
went to #1 on the American popular music charts as compiled by
Your Hit Parade
.
[23]
Born:
Aníbal Cavaco Silva
, 19th President of Portugal, in
Boliqueime
July 16
, 1939 (Sunday)
British Fascist leader Sir
Oswald Mosley
gave a speech in the
Earls Court Exhibition Centre
attended by over 20,000 people. He presented a plan that he said would "bring peace in our time and our children's time" that called for a hands-off policy in Eastern Europe, disarmament in Western Europe, return of colonies to Germany and for the British Empire to concentrate on its own affairs.
[24]
"Why is it a moral duty to go to war if a German kicks a Jew across the Polish frontier?" Mosley declared. "We are going, if the power lies within us ... to say that our generation and our children shall not die like rats in Polish holes."
[5]
Born:
Corin Redgrave
, actor and political activist, in
Marylebone
, London, England (d. 2010)
July 17
, 1939 (Monday)
Prime Minister Chamberlain declared in the House of Commons that the British government "would not and could not" reverse its policy in the Far East. The statement referred to reports of Japanese demands that such a reversal was necessary as a condition for opening negotiations on the
Tientsin situation
.
[25]
Born:
Milva
, singer, actress and television personality, in
Goro, Emilia–Romagna
, Italy (d. 2021)
July 18
, 1939 (Tuesday)
President Roosevelt met with key senators at the
White House
to explore the possibility of trying to revise the American neutrality policy once again. The president and Secretary of State
Cordell Hull
warned that a war in Europe was imminent, but the prominent
Idaho
senator
William Borah
replied, "I do not believe there is going to be any war in Europe between now and the first of January or for some time thereafter." Hull asked the senator to read State Department cables to understand the seriousness of the situation, but Borah responded that he not "give a damn about your dispatches" and claimed that he had better sources. The meeting ended with no new agreements.
[18]
Born:
Dion DiMucci
, singer-songwriter, in
the Bronx
,
New York
[26]
July 19
, 1939 (Wednesday)
The
SS Heimwehr Danzig
reported the arrest of twenty "Marxists" they said were conspiring to bomb bridges and other buildings in the event of war between Germany and Poland.
[27]
General
Sir Archibald Wavell
was made Commander-in-Chief of
Middle East Command
.
[28]
A group of
Royal Air Force
bombers flew from London to
Marseilles
and back as a demonstration of British air power.
[29]
It was not lost on the public that the distance from London to Marseilles was about the same as the distance from London to Berlin.
[30]
July 20
, 1939 (Thursday)
Benito Mussolini
announced a plan to break up large estates in
Sicily
, irrigate the land and resettle in addition to constructing new villages, houses and roads. If all went according to plan, Sicily's population would double in a decade to 8 or 9 million people.
[31]
Born:
Judy Chicago
, artist, in
Chicago
July 21
, 1939 (Friday)
The
Constitution of Slovakia
was passed.
[32]
Died:
Ambroise Vollard
, 73, French art dealer (car accident)
[33]
July 22
, 1939 (Saturday)
HMS
Thetis
was raised seven weeks after its tragic sinking.
[28]
The sixth congress of the
Baptist World Alliance
opened in
Atlanta
. More than 40,000 delegates (called 'messengers') sang and prayed on a baseball field in one of the largest religious assemblies ever held up to that time.
[34]
July 23
, 1939 (Sunday)
Mahatma Gandhi
wrote directly to
Adolf Hitler
, addressing him as "friend" and requesting that he refrain from starting a war "which may reduce humanity to the savage state." The letter never reached Hitler, as it was intercepted by the British government.
[35]
[36]
Rudolf Caracciola
won the
German Grand Prix
.
July 24
, 1939 (Monday)
During the reading of a bill designed to crush
IRA
activities,
Home Secretary
Samuel Hoare
announced the police discovery of a document known as
S-Plan
. Hoare read excerpts from the document that included plans to sabotage airplane and munitions factories and damage supplies of water and electricity.
[37]
British Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
informed the House of Commons that the government had reached an agreement with Japan that "the Japanese forces in China have special requirements for the purpose of safeguarding their own security and maintaining public order in regions under their control and that they have to suppress or remove any such acts or causes as will obstruct them or benefit their enemy." The British government, Chamberlain explained, had "no intention of countenancing any act or measures prejudicial to the attainment of the above-mentioned objects by Japanese forces." Chamberlain denied opposition suggestions that Britain was now on the side of Japan in its war against China.
[38]
Born:
Walt Bellamy
, basketball player, in
New Bern, North Carolina
(d. 2013)
July 25
, 1939 (Tuesday)
The Japanese consul at
Canton
informed other foreign consuls that the
Canton River
would be closed to foreign shipping for two weeks beginning at midnight tomorrow for military reasons.
[39]
The
Tuzigoot Site
in
Arizona
was made a
U.S. National Monument
.
Pax Ting
, the first
Girl Guide and Girl Scout
World Camp
, opened in
Gödöllő
, Hungary. 5,800 Girl Guides attended from around the world.
July 26
, 1939 (Wednesday)
Five more bomb explosions occurred in England – two in London and three in
Liverpool
. One person was killed and twenty injured.
[40]
The U.S. government gave Japan the necessary six months' notice that it was abrograting the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation between the two countries, explaining that the treaty contained "provisions which need new consideration."
[41]
The
Cuban Baseball Hall of Fame
was inaugurated, six weeks after its
American counterpart
.
Born:
John Howard
, 25th Prime Minister of Australia, in
Earlwood, New South Wales
;
Bob Lilly
, NFL defensive tackle, in
Olney, Texas
July 27
, 1939 (Thursday)
40 houses in
North London
were raided in a hunt for IRA bombers.
[28]
The
Central Reserve Police Force
was formed in India.
Born:
William Eggleston
, photographer, in
Memphis, Tennessee
;
Michael Longley
, poet, in
Belfast
,
Northern Ireland
July 28
, 1939 (Friday)
A bill permitting summary deportation of suspected IRA members was given
Royal Assent
.
Home Secretary
Samuel Hoare
immediately made use of the law by signing deportation orders for nineteen Irishmen that same day.
[42]
Died:
Beryl Mercer
, 56, Spanish-born American actress
July 29
, 1939 (Saturday)
The French Council of Ministers extended the term of the
Chamber of Deputies
for two years until June 1, 1942, meaning there would not be an election in the fall as expected. The council also created a Commissariat of Information and named the famous writer
Jean Giraudoux
to be its head. The new office's purpose was "to support French national defense by organizing efficient diffusion of French information beyond the French frontier."
[43]
July 30
, 1939 (Sunday)
Francisco Franco
decreed that to help rebuild Spain, every able-bodied citizen must either perform 15 days of unpaid work for the state each year, or pay a cash sum equivalent to 15 days of work at their own job.
[44]
1939 American Karakoram expedition to K2
ended in tragedy when
Dudley Wolfe
and three
Sherpa people
sent to rescue him died high on the mountain.
Sylvère Maes
of Belgium won the
Tour de France
. It was the last Tour until 1947.
July 31
, 1939 (Monday)
Britain and France announced that military talks would be opening in Moscow to negotiate a pact with the Soviet Union.
[45]
Dudley Pound
was made Britain's
Admiral of the Fleet
.
[46]
Born:
Susan Flannery
, soap opera actress, in
Jersey City, New Jersey
;
France Nuyen
, actress, in
Marseille
, France;
Ignacio Zoco
, footballer, in
Garde, Spain
(d. 2015)
References
^
a
b
Sanders, Alan J.K. (2010).
Historical Dictionary of Mongolia, Third Edition
. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press. p. 380.
ISBN
978-0-8108-7452-7
.
^
"Nazis Arming in Danzig, House of Commons Told".
Brooklyn Eagle
. July 3, 1939. p. 1.
^
"1939"
.
MusicAndHistory
. Archived from
the original
on June 5, 2014
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"Britain's Unity Periled in Row Over Cabinet".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 17, 1939. p. 5.
^
a
b
Charman, Terry (2010).
The Day We Went to War
. Virgin Books. pp.
37–40
.
ISBN
978-0-7535-3778-7
.
^
"1939: Key Dates"
.
United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
Roach, Randy (2008).
Muscle, Smoke & Mirrors, Volume I
. AuthorHouse. pp. 134–136.
ISBN
978-1-4343-7678-7
.
^
"WPA Workers Go on Strike"
.
Daily Illini
. Champaign, Illinois. July 6, 1939. p. 1.
^
"Flash Floods Take 55 Lives in Kentucky".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 6, 1939. p. 1.
^
a
b
"Tageseinträge für 7. Juli 1939"
.
chroniknet
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"Riggs Defeats Cooke to Take Wimbledon Title".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 8, 1939. p. 13.
^
"Americans Sweep 6 Wimbledon Titles; Three for Alice Marble".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 9, 1939. p. Part 2 p. 1.
^
"Third of Britain is Darkened in Air Attack Test".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 9, 1939. p. 4.
^
"Shining One Wins $25,000 Derby at Hollywood".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 9, 1939. p. Part 2 p. 5.
^
"Nazis in Danzig Boo Poland and Taunt England".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 10, 1939. p. 5.
^
"Loyalist Chief Who Gave Madrid to Franco Jailed".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 11, 1939. p. 5.
^
"Len Harvey"
.
BoxRec
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
a
b
Gould, Lewis L. (2005).
The Most Exclusive Club: A History of the Modern United States Senate
. Basic Books. pp.
156–157
.
ISBN
978-0-7867-3537-2
.
^
Darrah, David (July 13, 1939). "Britain Snubbed as Duce Recalls His Ambassador".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 9.
^
Taylor, Edmond (July 14, 1939). "France Nabs 2 Newspaper Executives as Spies".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
"WPA Tieup Outlawed by F.D.; 'Cannot Strike Against the U.S.'
".
Brooklyn Eagle
. July 14, 1939. p. 1.
^
"Million Cheer French, British Show of Might".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 15, 1939. p. 4.
^
Kowal, Barry (December 22, 2014).
"Your Hit Parade (USA) Weekly Single Charts From 1939"
.
Hits of All Decades
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"British Fascist Chief Advocates Peace Program".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 17, 1939. p. 5.
^
"London Is Firm In China Stand".
Brooklyn Eagle
. July 17, 1939. p. 1.
^
Editors of Chase's (30 September 2018).
Chase's Calendar of Events 2019: The Ultimate Go-to Guide for Special Days, Weeks and Months
. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 373.
ISBN
978-1-64143-264-1
.
^
"Danzig Police Purge City of Political Foes".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 20, 1939. p. 6.
^
a
b
c
Mercer, Derrik, ed. (1989).
Chronicle of the 20th Century
. London: Chronicle Communications Ltd. p. 513.
ISBN
978-0-582-03919-3
.
^
"May Adjourn August 4".
Ottawa Journal
. July 20, 1939. p. 3.
^
Brubaker, Howard
(July 29, 1939). "Of All Things".
The New Yorker
. p. 55.
^
"Ancient Sicily's Vast Estates to Go to Peasants".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 21, 1939. p. 5.
^
Raphael Lemkin (2008).
Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress
. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 141.
ISBN
978-1-58477-901-8
.
^
Davies, Lucy (14 June 2010).
"Ambroise Vollard: the original Charles Saatchi"
.
The Telegraph
. Retrieved
26 March
2013
.
^
"Hymns Resound as 40,000 Join Baptist Rally".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 23, 1939. p. 1.
^
Bhagavan, Manú (2013).
India and the Quest for One World: The Peacemakers
. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 143.
ISBN
978-1-137-34983-5
.
^
"Gandhi's Letters to Hitler"
.
Letters of Note
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"Prevention of Violence (Temporary Provisions) Bill"
.
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
. July 24, 1939
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"Far East (Situation)"
.
Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)
. July 24, 1939
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
"Japanese Order Canton Closed to Foreign Ships".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. July 26, 1939. p. 5.
^
Darrah, David (July 27, 1939). "16,000 London Police Hunt Bombers".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
"US Secretary of State Hull contacts the Japanese ambassador regarding the 1911 Treaty of Commerce and Navigation, July 26, 1939"
.
Atlantic Archive
. Retrieved
November 7,
2015
.
^
Darrah, David (July 29, 1939). "Irishmen Flee Britain's Drive on Terrorism".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
Taylor, Edmond (July 30, 1939). "French Cabinet Sets Up Office of Propaganda".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 10.
^
Brewer, Sam (July 31, 1939). "Spain Orders All to Work 15 Days for State".
Chicago Daily Tribune
. p. 1.
^
Khanna, V.N. (1996).
International Relations, Fourth Revised Edition
. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. p. 192.
ISBN
978-81-259-1616-1
.
^
Heathcote, T.A. (2002).
British Admirals of the Fleet: 1734–1995
. Barnsley: Pen & Sword Books Ltd. p. 217.
ISBN
978-0-85052-835-0
.
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