溴化钾

溴化鉀
IUPAC名
Potassium bromide
识别
CAS号 7758-02-3  checkY
PubChem 24446
ChemSpider 22854
SMILES
 
  • [K+].[Br-]
InChI
 
  • 1/BrH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
InChIKey IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-REWHXWOFAT
ChEBI 32030
RTECS TS7650000
性质
化学式 KBr
摩尔质量 119.0023 g·mol⁻¹
外观 白色粉末
密度 2.75 g/cm3 (固)

3.119 g/ml（液）

熔点 734 °C (1007 K)
沸点 1435 °C (1708 K)
溶解性（水） 53.5 g/100 ml (0 °C)

65 g/100 mL (20 °C)

67.8 g/100 mL (25 °C)

102 g/100 mL (100 °C)

结构
晶体结构 氯化钠型
配位几何 八面体
偶极矩 10.41 D (气)
危险性
GHS危险性符号
《全球化学品统一分类和标签制度》（简称“GHS”）中有害物质的标签图案
GHS提示词 Warning
H-术语 H319
P-术语 P280, P305+351+338, P337+313[1]
NFPA 704
0
1
0
 
致死量或浓度：
LD50（中位剂量）
 3070 mg/kg（大鼠，口服）[2]
相关物质
其他阴离子 氟化钾，氯化钾，碘化钾
其他阳离子 溴化锂，溴化钠，溴化铷，溴化铯
若非注明，所有数据均出自标准状态（25 ℃，100 kPa）下。

溴化钾，分子式：KBr。它是一种白色稍具潮解性的晶体或粉末。易溶於水，在乙醇中微溶。可以用作神经镇静剂。

标准状态下，溴化钾是一种白色结晶粉末。易溶于水。在稀溶液中，溴化钾显甜味，稍浓则显苦味，极浓时显咸味[多少？]（主要是因为钾离子的存在；溴化钠在任何浓度下皆显咸味）。浓溴化钾溶液强烈刺激胃粘膜，引起恶心、呕吐（这也是任何可溶性钾盐的性质）。[來源請求]

化学性质

溴化钾是典型的离子化合物，溶于水后完全电离并呈中性。常用来提供溴离子——如下重要反应可生成用于照相术的溴化银：

KBr(aq) + AgNO3(aq) → AgBr(s) + KNO3(aq)

水溶液中的溴离子Br-可与部分金属卤化物生成配合物，如：

2 KBr(aq) + CuBr2(aq) → K2[CuBr4](aq)

制备

传统制法为铁溴法：先用过量溴单质与铁屑在水中作用生成十六水合八溴化三铁（Fe3Br8·16H2O），再同沸热的碳酸钾溶液作用，滤去四氧化三铁沉淀后浓缩结晶即得：[3]

4 K2CO3 + Fe3Br8 → 8 KBr + Fe3O4 + 4 CO2↑

参考资料

  1. ^ Potassium bromide 221864. [2021-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2021-06-03）. 
  2. ^ ChemIDplus — Potassium bromide. chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov. [2021-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2014-08-12）. 
  3. ^ Potassium bromide. The Titi Tudorancea Bulletin. [2021-12-03]. （原始内容存档于2015-12-10）. 

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