利培酮

利培酮
臨床資料
商品名英语Drug nomenclatureRisperdal及其他[1]
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa694015
懷孕分級
给药途径口服(錠劑或液狀劑)、肌肉注射
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度70%(口服)[2]
药物代谢肝臟CYP2D6 mediated to 9-hydroxyrisperidone)[2]
生物半衰期20小時(口服),3–6天(肌肉注射)[2]
排泄途徑尿液(70%)、糞便(14%)[2]
识别信息
  • 3-[2-[4-(6-fluoro-1,2-benzoxazol-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl]-2-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one
CAS号106266-06-2  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard英语CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.114.705 編輯維基數據鏈接
化学信息
化学式C23H27FN4O2
摩尔质量410.485 g/mol
3D模型(JSmol英语JSmol
  • Cc1c(c(=O)n2c(n1)CCCC2)CCN3CCC(CC3)c4c5ccc(cc5on4)F
  • InChI=1S/C23H27FN4O2/c1-15-18(23(29)28-10-3-2-4-21(28)25-15)9-13-27-11-7-16(8-12-27)22-19-6-5-17(24)14-20(19)30-26-22/h5-6,14,16H,2-4,7-13H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:RAPZEAPATHNIPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

利培酮INN:risperidone),商品名有理思必妥(Risperdal)、維思通,為一種非典型抗精神病藥物[2],主要用於治療思覺失調症双相情感障碍,以及自閉症症狀者的易怒情形[2]。本品可口服或肌肉注射給藥[2]。注射劑型的藥效可維持長達兩周[3]

常見副作用包含動作障礙嗜睡、視力問題、便秘,以及體重增加等等[2][4]。嚴重副作用包含遲發性運動不能抗精神藥物惡性症候群英语neuroleptic malignant syndrome等永久性的動作障礙。本品亦可能提高自殺高血糖的風險[2][3]。在因失智症導致思覺失調的年長者身上用藥,可能會提升死亡風險[2]妊娠期間用藥的安全性迄今未明[2]。本品屬於非典型抗精神病药[2]。其作用機轉目前未明,可能與其多巴胺拮抗劑英语dopamine antagonist的活性有关[2]

有關利培酮的研究始於1980年代,並於1993年在美國核准上市[2][5]。本品列名於世界卫生组织基本药物标准清单,為基礎公衛體系必備藥物之一[6]。本品屬於通用名药物[3]。在2014年,每日劑量发展中国家的批發價介於0.01到0.60美金之間[7]。2015年,每月正常劑量約介於100到200美金之間[3]

药理作用

利培酮是一种选择性单胺能拮抗剂,它与5-羟色胺能的5-HT2受体和多巴胺能的D2受体有很高的亲和力,也能与α1-肾上腺素能受体结合,与H1-组胺受体和α2肾上腺素能受体的亲和力较低,但不能与胆碱能受体结合。利培酮是强有力的D2拮抗剂,这是它抑制精神分裂症阳性症状的原因,但它引起的运动功能抑制及强直性昏厥都要比经典抗精神分裂症药要少,对中枢系统的5-羟色胺和多巴胺拮抗作用的平衡可以减轻发生锥体外系反应,并将其治疗作用扩展到精神分裂症的阴性症状情感症状

利培酮抑制D-氨基酸氧化酶催化D-氨基酸的分解(例如D-丙氨酸和D-絲氨酸 - 神經遞質)。

适用症

利培酮是一种非典型抗精神病药,适用于:

不良反应

常見的副作用包含發生錐體外症候群、嗜睡、便秘、性功能障礙、反眼以及體重增加等情形[2][9][10]。嚴重的副作用包含永久性的行為疾患遲發性運動障礙抗精神藥物惡性症候群、增加自殺的風險以及高血糖[2][3]。患失智症的中高齡精神病患者可能因此药死亡風險增加。目前對懷孕患者的影響尚不明朗。利培酮是一種非典型抗精神病藥,其作用方式尚未完全釐清,但據稱是一種多巴胺拮抗劑[2]

歷史、社會與文化

對利培酮的研究始於1980年代後期,美國於1993年正式批准此藥上市。[11][2]在最基本的健康照護系統中最必要的藥物清單世界衛生組織基本藥物標准清單登錄有案。[12] 利培酮亦有學名藥物。[3]2014年,批發價約在0.01到0.60美元之間[13]。在美國每劑藥物售價是3.3美金到10美金左右[2]

参考文献

  1. ^ Drugs.com International trade names for risperidone 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2016-03-18. Page accessed March 15, 2016
  2. ^ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18 Risperidone. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. [Dec 1, 2015]. (原始内容存档于2015-12-02). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 Hamilton, Richart. Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. 2015: 434–435. ISBN 9781284057560. 
  4. ^ Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B. Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians. Postgraduate Medicine. July 2012, 124 (4): 154–67. PMID 22913904. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. 
  5. ^ Nemeroff, edited by Alan F. Schatzberg, Charles B. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology 4th. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. 2009: 627. ISBN 9781585623099. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05). 
  6. ^ WHO Model List of Essential Medicines (19th List) (PDF). World Health Organization. April 2015 [8 December 2016]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于13 December 2016). 
  7. ^ Risperidone. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [2 December 2015]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-22). 
  8. ^ RISPERDAL Label页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),FDA/Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
  9. ^ Cichon, Gregory J. Risperidone-Induced Sexual Dysfunction Case Report. 2023-2-15 [2023-09-21]. (原始内容存档于2023-10-30) –通过公共醫學中心 (英语). 
  10. ^ Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Hollett B. Weight gain and glucose dysregulation with second-generation antipsychotics and antidepressants: a review for primary care physicians. Postgraduate Medicine. July 2012, 124 (4): 154–67. PMID 22913904. doi:10.3810/pgm.2012.07.2577. 
  11. ^ Nemeroff, edited by Alan F. Schatzberg, Charles B. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychopharmacology 4th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Pub. 2009: 627 [2017-05-15]. ISBN 9781585623099. (原始内容存档于2018-09-16). 
  12. ^ WHO Model List of EssentialMedicines (PDF). World Health Organization. October 2013 [22 April 2014]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2014-04-23). 
  13. ^ Risperidone. International Drug Price Indicator Guide. [2 December 2015]. [永久失效連結]

外部連結

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