Theraphosidae
Palaeontologia
Neogaeno–praesens
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Theraphosidae sunt familia magnarum saetosarumque aranearum infraordinis Mygalomorpharum ,[ 1] mille species hodie descriptae sunt.[ 2] commercio mirificorum animalium dilectorum populo grata factae sunt; multis autem Mundi Novi speciebus dilectis sunt saetae urticantes , quae cutem hominum inflammare, atque adeo oculos ladere possunt.[ 3]
Prospectus
Theraphosidae, sicut omnia arthropoda , sunt invertebrata quorum subsidium musculare exosceleto nititur.[ 4] Corpus , sicut corpora aliorum arachnidorum , in duabus partibus principalibus consistit, quae sunt prosoma (vel cephalothorax ) et opisthosoma (vel abdomen ), ambobus per pedicellum conectis. Quae res conectens in media corporis parte re vera est pars prosomatis, quae opisthosomati latam motionis extensionem de motione prosomatis dat.
Distributio
Theraphosidae variarum specierum per Civitates Foederatas , Mexicum , et Americam Mediam et Australem vigent. Aliae species varie per Africam , multum Asiae (Insulis Riuciuensibus in Iaponia meridiana non exclusis), et omnem Australiam . In Europa , nonnullae species Hispania , Portugalia , Turcia , Italia meridiana, et Cypro inveniuntur.
Taxinomia
Pro collocatione theraphosidarum inter Mygalomorphas , vide cladogramma .
Subfamiliae
Quindecim subfamiliae agnoscuntur.
Genera
Apertura cuniculi cuiusdam theraphosidae. Theraphosida ad ostium sui cuniculi stat. Aphonopelma mojave : theraphosida in Deserto Mojave indigena cuniculum petit.Ungues in fine cruris Lasiodorae parahybanae . Theraphosida Brasiliana se defendens minatur. Thermica theraphosidae imago super endothermicam hominis manum . Theraphosida fricta in caupona Cambodiana . Adulta Brachypelma smithi femina , saetis remotis. Aphonopelma eutylenum mas prope Exeter Californiae errat.Annandaliella travancorica ,ghat occidentalibus .Mense Iulio anni 2020 , World Spider Catalog haec genera accipiebat.[ 9]
Acanthopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Guiana Acanthoscurria Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis , Guatemala Acentropelma Pocock, 1901 – Beliza , Mexicum , GuatemalaAenigmarachne Schmidt, 2005 – Costarica Agnostopelma Pérez-Miles & Weinmann, 2010 – Columbia Aguapanela Perafán & Cifuentes, 2015 Annandaliella Hirst, 1909 – India Anoploscelus Pocock, 1897 – Uganda , Tanzania , Rwanda Antillena Bertani, Huff & Fukushima, 2017 – Respublica Dominicana Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 – America Septentrionalis , America Media Augacephalus Gallon, 2002 – Africa Australis , Mozambicum , Eswatini Avicularia Lamarck, 1818 – America Australis, Trinitas et Tabacum , Panama Bacillochilus Gallon, 2010 – Angola Batesiella Pocock, 1903 – Cameronia Birupes Gabriel & Sherwood, 2019 – Malaesia Bistriopelma Kaderka, 2015 – Peruvia Bonnetina Vol, 2000 – MexicumBrachionopus Pocock, 1897 – Africa AustralisBrachypelma Simon, 1891 – Mexicum, Costarica, GuatemalaBumba Pérez-Miles, Bonaldo & Miglio, 2014 – Brasilia , Venetiola , Aequatoria Cardiopelma Vol, 1999 – Regio ignotaCaribena Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – Cuba Catanduba Yamamoto, Lucas & Brescovit, 2012 – BrasiliaCatumiri Guadanucci, 2004 – America AustralisCeratogyrus Pocock, 1897 – Africa Chaetopelma Ausserer, 1871 – Asia , Graecia , Africa Chilobrachys Karsch, 1892 – AsiaChromatopelma Schmidt, 1995 – VenetiolaCitharacanthus Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, America Media, MexicumCitharognathus Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia Clavopelma Chamberlin, 1940 – MexicumCoremiocnemis Simon, 1892 – Malaesia, Indonesia, AustraliaCotztetlana Mendoza, 2012 – MexicumCrassicrus Reichling & West, 1996 – Mexicum, BelizaCubanana Ortiz, 2008 – CubaCyclosternum Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Mexicum, CostaricaCymbiapophysa Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 Cyriocosmus Simon, 1903 – America Australis, Trinitas et TabacumCyriopagopus Simon, 1887 – AsiaCyrtopholis Simon, 1892 – Regio Maris Caribici Davus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1892 – America Media, MexicumDolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, Bolivia Encyocratella Strand, 1907 – Tanzania Encyocrates Simon, 1892 – Madagascaria Ephebopus Simon, 1892 – Surinamia , BrasiliaEuathlus Ausserer, 1875 – Tsilia , Argentina Eucratoscelus Pocock, 1898 – Kenia , Tanzania Eumenophorus Pocock, 1897 –Mons Leonis Eupalaestrus Pocock, 1901 – America AustralisEuphrictus Hirst, 1908 – Cameronia, Respublica Congensis Euthycaelus Simon, 1889 – Columbia , VenetiolaGrammostola Simon, 1892 – America AustralisGuyruita Guadanucci, Lucas, Indicatti & Yamamoto, 2007 – Brasilia, VenetiolaHapalopus Ausserer, 1875 – America Australis, Panama Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 – Bolivia, Peruvia, ArgentinaHaploclastus Simon, 1892 – IndiaHaplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996 – Nepalia Harpactira Ausserer, 1871 – Africa Australis, Namibia Harpactirella Purcell, 1902 – Africa Australis, Marocum Hemirrhagus Simon, 1903 – MexicumHeterophrictus Pocock, 1900 – IndiaHeteroscodra Pocock, 1900 – Cameronia, Gabonia , Respubica CongensisHeterothele Karsch, 1879 – Africa, ArgentinaHolothele Karsch, 1879 – Regio Maris Caribici, America AustralisHomoeomma Ausserer, 1871 – America AustralisHysterocrates Simon, 1892 – AfricaIdiothele Hewitt, 1919 – Africa AustralisIridopelma Pocock, 1901 – BrasiliaIschnocolus Ausserer, 1871 – Africa, Asia, Brasilia, Europa Kankuamo Perafán, Galvis & Pérez-Miles, 2016 Kochiana Fukushima, Nagahama & Bertani, 2008 – BrasiliaLampropelma Simon, 1892 – Indonesia, Malaesia, Singapura Lasiodora C. L. Koch, 1850 – America Australis, CostaricaLasiodorides Schmidt & Bischoff, 1997 – Aequatoria, PeruviaLongilyra Gabriel, 2014 – Salvatoria Loxomphalia Simon, 1889 – TanzaniaLoxoptygus Simon, 1903 – Aethiopia Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895 – Indonesia, India, MalaesiaMagnacarina Mendoza, Locht, Kaderka, Medina & Pérez-Miles, 2016 – MexicumMascaraneus Gallon, 2005 – Mauritius Megaphobema Pocock, 1901 – Costarica, Columbia, AequatoriaMelognathus Chamberlin, 1917 Metriopelma Becker, 1878 – MexicumMiaschistopus Pocock, 1897 – VenetioaMonocentropus Pocock, 1897 – Iemenia , Madagascaria Munduruku Miglio, Bonaldo & Pérez-MIles, 2013 Mygalarachne Ausserer, 1871 – Honduria Myostola Simon, 1903 – Gabonia , Cameronia Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 – Panama Neoheterophrictus Siliwal & Raven, 2012 – India Neoholothele Guadanucci & Weinmann, 2015 – Columbia, Trinitas et Tabacum, VentiolaNeostenotarsus Pribik & Weinmann, 2004 – Guiana Francica Nesiergus Simon, 1903 – Insulae Seisellenses Nesipelma Schmidt & Kovařík, 1996 – Sanctus Christophorus et Nives Nhandu Lucas, 1983 – Brasilia, Paraquaria Omothymus Thorell, 1891 – MalaesiaOrnithoctonus Pocock, 1892 – Birmania , Thailandia Orphnaecus Simon, 1892 – Papua Nova Guinea ,Philippinae Ozopactus Simon, 1889 – Venetiola Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901 – BrasiliaPamphobeteus Pocock, 1901 – America Australis, PanamaPelinobius Karsch, 1885 – Kenia, TanzaniaPhlogiellus Pocock, 1897 – Asia, Papua Nova GuineaPhoneyusa Karsch, 1884 – AfricaPhormictopus Pocock, 1901 – Cuba, Argentina, BrasiliaPhormingochilus Pocock, 1895 – IndonesiaPhrixotrichus Simon, 1889 – Tsilia, ArgentinaPlesiopelma Pocock, 1901 – America AustralisPlesiophrictus Pocock, 1899 – India, Micronesia , Srilanca Poecilotheria Simon, 1885 – Srilanca, IndiaProshapalopus Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brasilia, ColumbiaPsalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 – Trinitas et Tabacum, America Australis, America Media, MexicumPsednocnemis West, Nunn & Hogg, 2012 – Malaesia, IndonesiaPseudhapalopus Strand, 1907 – America Australis, Trinitas et TabacumPseudoclamoris Hüsser, 2018 – Columbia, Peruvia, AequatoriaPterinochilus Pocock, 1897 – AfricaPterinopelma Pocock, 1901 – BrasilisReichlingia Rudloff, 2001 – BelizaReversopelma Schmidt, 2001 – Aequatoria vel PeruviaSahydroaraneus Mirza & Sanap, 2014 – IndiaSandinista Longhorn & Gabriel, 2019 Schismatothele Karsch, 1879 – Venetiola, ColumbiaSchizopelma F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – MexicumScopelobates Simon, 1903 – Respublica Dominicana Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871 – Oceania , Asia Selenogyrus Pocock, 1897 – Litus Eburneum , Mons LeonisSelenotholus Hogg, 1902 – Australia Selenotypus Pocock, 1895 – AustraliaSericopelma Ausserer, 1875 – America Media, Brasilia, MexicumSickius Soares & Camargo, 1948 – BrasiliaSphaerobothria Karsch, 1879 – Costarica, PanamaSpinosatibiapalpus Gabriel & Sherwood, 2020 Stichoplastoris Rudloff, 1997 – Salvatoria, Costarica, PanamaStromatopelma Karsch, 1881 – AfricaTapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 – America Australis, Sanctus Vincentius et GrenadinaeTheraphosa Thorell, 1870 – America AustralisTliltocatl Thrigmopoeus Pocock, 1899 – IndiaThrixopelma Schmidt, 1994 – Peruvia, TsiliaTmesiphantes Simon, 1892 – BrazilTrichognathella Gallon, 2004 – Africa AustralisTrichopelma Simon, 1888 – regio Maris Caribici, America Australis, America MediaTyphochlaena C. L. Koch, 1850 – BrasiliaUmbyquyra Gargiulo, Brescovit & Lucas, 2018 – Bolivia , BrasiliaVitalius Lucas, Silva & Bertani, 1993 – Brasilia, ArgentinaXenesthis Simon, 1891 – Panama, Venetiola, ColumbiaYbyrapora Fukushima & Bertani, 2017 – BrasiliaGenera obsoleta
Nexus interni
Notae
↑ Shultz, Stanley; Shultz, Marguerite (2009 ). The Tarantula Keeper's Guide . Hauppauge Novi Eboraci: Barron's. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-7641-3885-0 .↑ "Currently valid spider genera and species" , World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern) ↑ Blaikie et al 1997.
↑ Pomeroy, R. (2014, February 4). Pub. Real Clear Science , "Spiders, and Their Amazing Hydraulic Legs and Genitalia". Ex https://www.realclearscience.com/blog/2013/02/spiders-their-amazing-hydraulic-legs-and-genitals.html .
↑ J. A. Coddington, "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth (American Arachnological Society, 2005), cap 2, pp. 18-24.
↑ In nonnullis circumscriptionibus eaedem ac Ischnocolinae.
↑ Familia monotypica : genus Poecilotheria .
↑ Usitate reiectae, genere Hemirrhago inter Theraphosinas digesto.
↑ Family: Theraphosidae Thorell, 1869 World Spider Catalog (Natural History Museum Bern)
Bibliographia
Blaikie, Andrew J., John Ellis, Roshini Sanders, et Caroline J. MacEwen. 1997 . "Eye disease associated with handling pet tarantulas: three case reports." BMJ 314, no. 7093 (24 Maii): 1524–5. doi :10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1524 . PMC 2126783. PMID 9183200 . Editio interretialis.
Coddington, J. A. 2005 . "Phylogeny and Classification of Spiders." In Spiders of North America: An Identification Manual, ed. D. Ubick, P. Paquin, P. E. Cushing, et V. Roth, cap 2, pp. 18–-24. American Arachnological Society.
Estrada-Alvarez, Julio C., et H. D. Cameron. 2012 . "Etymological origins of the generic names of Mexican tarantulas (Araneae:Theraphosidae)." Revista Ibérica de Aracnología 21: 153–160. Editio interretialis.
Foelix, Rainer F. 1992 . Biologie der Spinnen. Stutgardiae: Georg Thieme. ISBN 3-13-575802-8 .
Koch, C. L. 1850 . Übersicht des Arachnidensystems. Vol. 5. Norimbergae: J. L. Lotzbeck. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.39561. Editio interretialis.
Pocock, R. I. 1901 . "Some new and old genera of S.-American Avicularidae." Annals and Magazine of Natural History series 7: 8 (48): 540–55. doi :10.1080/03745480109443359 . Editio interretialis.
Raven, R. R. 2005 . "A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." Zootaxa 1004: 15–28. doi :10.11646/zootaxa.1004.1.2 . PDF.
Reichling, S. B., et R. C. West. 1996 . "A new genus and species of theraphosid spider from Belize (Araneae, Theraphosidae)." Journal of Arachnology 24: 254–61. PDF.
Schmerler, Johann Adam. 1794 / Lateinisch-deutsches und deutsch lateinisches Wörterbuch. Ed. tertia, vol. 2. Erlangen: J. J. Palm. OCLC 669374426. Google Books.
Nexus externi
