Arabia Saudita

Wikidata Arabia Saudita
Res apud Vicidata repertae:
Arabia Saudita: insigne
Arabia Saudita: insigne
Arabia Saudita: vexillum
Arabia Saudita: vexillum
Terra continens: Asia
Territoria finitima: Iordania, Cuvaitum, Quataria, Baharina, Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti, Omania, Iemenia, Iraca, Aegyptus, Irania
Locus: 23°43′0″N 44°7′0″E
Caput: Riadum

Gestio

absolute monarchy, Theocratia, monarchia
Princeps: Salmanus Abdelazizi filius
Praefectus: Salmanus Abdelazizi filius
Consilium: Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia
Iudicium: Supreme Judicial Council of Saudi Arabia
Situs interretialis

Populus

Numerus: 33 000 000
Sermo publicus: Arabice
Zona horaria: UTC+3, Asia/Riyadh
Moneta: Saudi riyal

Commemoratio

Paean: Chant of the Saudi Nation
Praeceptum: Sahada

Sigla

ISO SA, SAU, 682; IOC KSA
Dominium interretiale: .sa, AlSaudiah
Praefixum telephonicum: +966
Siglum autoraedarum: KSA

Tabula aut despectus

Arabia Saudita: situs
Arabia Saudita: situs

Arabia Saudita,[1] rite regnum Arabiae Sauditae[2] (Arabice المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-'Arabiya as-Sa'udiya), est maxima civitas sui iuris in paeninsula Arabica constituta. Civitates Iordaniam, Iraquiam, Cuvaitum, Quatariam, Baharinam, Emiratus Arabicos Coniunctos, Omaniam, Iemeniam, etiam Mare Rubrum et Persicum Sinum contingit. Praeter Lichtenstenum, Arabia Saudiana est civitas unica in orbe de nomine familiae regiae nominata esse. Caput est Riadum.

Historia

Multae gentes paeninsulam incoluerunt amplius 5000 annorum. Cultura Tyli, iuxta Sinus litus, Sumericae et Antiquis Aegyptiis aequaeva erat, et pleraque Mundi Antiqui imperia commerciales mutationes cum paeninsularibus civitatibus statuerunt.

Religionis Islamicae conditus a Mahometo anno 620 et insequens religiosum pondus Arabicarum urbium Meccae et Medinae istius territorii gubernatores considerabilem vim ultra paeninsulam concesserunt.

Civitas Saudiana Media in Arabia anno 1744 oritur. Loci dux, Mahometus Saʿūd filius, religionis Islamicae emendatori, Mahometo Abd Al-Wahhab sociatus est ad novam politicam rem creandam. Hodierna Civitas Saudiana ab ultimo rege Abdelazizo gentis Saʿūd condita est (internationaliter Abdelazizo Saʿūd filio noto). Anno 1902, Abdelazizus gentis Saʿūd Riadum, priscum dynastiae Saudianae caput, rivali familiae Rascidianae cepit. Perseverando in his occupationibus, Abdelazizus Alhasam (Arabice لأحسا ) et reliqua Nadium (نجد ) et Hidiazum (الحجاز) inter annos 1913 et 1926 subegit. Die 29 Ianuarii anni 1927 titulum Regis Nadiensis cepit (suus prior Nadiensis titulus Sultani erat). Cum Pacto Ieddano, die 20 Maii anni 1972 obsignato, Britanniarum Regnum regni Abdelazizi libertatem (tunc Regni Hidiazi et Nadii noti) agnovit. Anno 1932, hae regiones Regnum Arabiae Saudianae coniunctae sunt. Petroleum die 3 Martii anni 1938 inventum civitatis formam vertit.

Conditor modernae Arabiae Saudianae, Abdelazizus Rex, conventu cum Franklino Roosevelt Praeside Civitatum Foederatarum, anno 1945.

Limites cum Iordania, Iraquia, et Cuvaito pactorum decennium 193 tractatorum serie statuti sunt, quae duas "neutras zonas"—aliam cum Iraquia et aliam cum Cuvaito— creaverunt. Saudocuvaitana neutra zona anno 1971 coniunctim administrata est, partita quaque civitate petroliferas zonae opes aequaliter.

Consensus conatus ad Saudiraquianam neutram zonam partiendam anno 1981 ad extremum venerunt et finiverunt anno 1983. Meridionalis limes cum Iemenia anno 1934 cum Pacto Taifensi, inter ambas civitates finitimum bellum conficiente, partim definita est. Addititium pactum Iunio anni 2000 obsignatum cum Iemenia limitis partes adumbravit. Inter Arabiam Saudianam et Emiratus Arabicos Coniunctos limitis locus statusque nondum confecti sunt; de facto limes consensum anni 1974 reflectit. Inter Arabiam Saudianam et Quatariam limes Martio anni 2001 definitus est. Limes cum Omania nondum terminatus est.

Per Bellum Arabico-Israelianum anni 1973, Arabia Saudiana Arabici petrolei boycottationem? Civitatibus Foederatis et Bataviae participavit.? Consociationis Nationum Exportatoriarum Petrolei sodalis, Arabia Saudiana aliis civitatibus sodalibus iuncta est ut modice petrolei pretium anno 1971 elevaretur.

Annis 1990 et 1991, rex Fahdus decretorium munus obivit ante et per Bellum Sinus: Arabia Saudiana Cuvaitanam regiam familiam praeter 400 000 refugitorum accepit et Occidentalium copiarum Cuvaitum postero anno liberaturarum introitum in suum territorium simul permisit.

Tunc rege Fahdo infarctu Novembri anni 1995 passo, eius successor Princeps Heres Abdalla operariarum responsalitatum multas adsumpsit. Mortuo rege Fahdo Kalendis Augustis anni 2005, Abdalla ei successit.

Geographia

Tabula Arabiae Saudianae.

Regnum Arabiae Saudianae 80 centesimas Paeninsulae Arabicae occupat. Maxima limitum pars cum Emiratibus Arabicis Coniunctis, Omania et Iemenia nondum definita est, ergo exacta reipublicae magnitudo nec definita est. Saudiana gubernatio eam aestimat 2 217 949 chiliometrorum quadratorum latam, sed fide dignae aestimationes aliae inter 2  149 690 et 2 240 000 chiliometrorum quadratorum variant. Minor quam 1 centesimae sunt regio culturae apta, et ineunte decennio 200 incolae inter Orientalium Occidentaliumque litoralium regionum urbes intestinasque oases, dense habitatos, et vasta deserta, paene vacua, multo variabant.

Clima durum est, siccorum desertorum cum magnis temperaturae extremis, et territorium praecipue arenosa deserta inhabitata est. Arabia Saudita quindecim civitatum nominatas cunas humanitatis amplexarum una esse putatur.

In maxima civitatis parte, gignentia herbis fruticibusque se continent. Silvestria animalia, velut oryx, Saudianis venatoriis societatibus exterminata sunt quia ballistariis utuntur. Litoralis Maris Rubri regio, et praesertim scopuli curalii, marinam faunam exuberantem habent.

Urbes

Maximae urbes secundum incolas (2007) miliones
Riadum 4.7
Iedda 3.6
Mecca 1.7
Medina 1.3
Dammam 1.3
Taifum 0.7
Buraeda 0.6
Tabucum 0.5
Chamis Musaetum 0.4
Hofufum 0.3

Divisio administrativa

Arabia Saudiana in tredecim provincias sive regiones (Arabice مناطق, in singulare منطقة) divisa est:

Provincia Arabiae Saudianae
Provincia Provincia Arabice Caput Caput Arabice
1 Albaha الباحة Albaha الباحة
2 Septemtrionalis Margo الحدود الشمالية Ararum عرعر
3 Aldzaufum الجوف Aldzaufum الجوف
4 Medina المدينة Medina المدينة
5 Alquassimum القصيم Buraeda بريدة
9 Haelum حائل Haelum حائل
8 Asir عسير Abha أبها
7 Orientalis Provincia الشرقية Dammam الدمام
6 Riadum الرياض Riadum الرياض
14 Taifum الطائف Taifum الطائف
13 Tabucum تبوك Tabucum تبوك
12 Negrăna[3] نجران Negrăna[3] نجران
11 Mecca مكة Mecca مكة
10 Dzizanum جيزان Dzizanum جيزان

Demographia

Demographia Arabiae Saudianae.

Arabiae Saudianae incolae anno 2003 circiter 24.3 miliones esse aestimantur, inclusis circiter 6.4 milionibus advenarum sessoribus. Usque ad decennium 197 plerique incolae nomades aut seminomades erant sed propter rapidum oeconomicum urbanumque incrementum, amplius 95% incolarum nunc sedentarium est. Aliquae urbes oasesque spissitudines incolarum amplius 1000 incolarum pro chiliometro quadrato habent.

Plerique Saudiani ethnice Arabes sunt. Aliqui ethnicae originis mixtae sunt et a Turcis, Iranianis, Indis, Afris, et aliis orti sunt, quorum plerique in rempublicam modo peregrinorum venerunt et regionem Hidiazi, iuxta Maris Rubri litus, incolunt. Multi finitimarum rerum publicarum Arabes in regno laborant. Sunt etiam significativi Asiaticorum exulum, praecipue ex India, Pakistania, Bangladesia, Indonesia et Philippinis profectorum, numeri. Minus quam 100.000 Occidentalium civium in Arabia Saudiana sunt.

Difficile numeros exactos de religionibus professis in Arabia Saudiana calculare est, quia Gubernatio 100% civium Musulmanum esse affirmat.

Lingua Arabica exemplaris sollemnis lingua est. Incolae huius linguae duabus colloquialibus varietatibus loquuntur: Arabica Hidiazi loquitur civitatis Occidentalis zona (42% incolarum) et Arabica Nadii Orientalis zona (56%).

Cultura

Arabiae Sauditae cultura paene tota Religione Islamica fundatur. Duo loci sacrissimi in civitate sunt, quae religionis cunae se considerat. Islamica est religio monotheistica, cuius liber sacer est Alcoranus.

Unum sollemniorum popularium notissimorum Arabiae Saudianae ardha, popularis saltatio, est. Haec saltatio gladii antiquis Beduinis traditionibus fundatur: tympana concentu resonant, dum poetae versibus canentis vocem comitantur et homines cum gladio in pugno saltant ex utraque parte.

Civilis ratio

Abdalla rex Arabiae Saudianae annis ab 2005 ad 2015.

Arabia Saudiana Monarchia hereditaria est, ergo rex non solum dux civitatis sed etiam gubernationis est. Basica lex anno 1992 adoptata Arabiam monarchiam a regis Abdelazizi gentis Saʿūd filiis et nepotibus gubernatam declaravit.

Respublica ingentem contemptionem iurum humanorum ostendit. Attamen, propter internationales pressiones eius regiminis absolutistici rigor deminuit. Anno 2005 prima municipalia comitia in illa civitate, perturbata comitia re vera, sed magnus gradus tam rigidae traditionis nationi fuit.

Quamquam regimen absolutisticum habeat, Arabia Saudiana praecipua Civitatum Foederatarum socia musulmana in regione est.

Nec potestas legisfera nec constitutio nec partes politicae sunt. Rex secundum Sariam, Islamicae religionis sacram legem, gubernat. Arabia Saudiana pertinet ad secutas consociationes: ad Argentariam Mundanam, ad Aerarium Monetarium Internationale, ad Consociationem Nationum et ad Consociationem Nationum Exportatoriarum Petrolei.

Oeconomia

Locus residentialis Dhahrani.

Petrolei extractio exportatioque oeconomicam activitatem praecipuam constituit, cum Arabia Saudiana Consociationis Nationum Exportatoriarum Petrolei secunda productoria natio. Etiam magnas gasii naturalis quantitates producuntur.

Usque ad nuper, agriculturae productio aquae inexsistentia et solo salinitate circumscribebatur. Nunc, inrigationis opera, Arabia Saudiana magna tritici productoria natio facta est. Datylus, lycopersicum, Citrullus lanatus, hordeum, uva, Cucumis sativus, abobra, melongena, tuberosolanum, carota, et cepa etiam ponderis culturae sunt.

Praecipuae commerciales sociae nationes Arabiae Saudianae Civitates Foederatae Americae, Iaponia, Britanniarum Regnum, Germania, Francogallia, et Respublica Coreae sunt.

Arabia Saudiana magnus immigrationis ex Asia Meridio-Orientali et Africa Orientali profectae locus est, praesertim haud exercitatorum operariorum.

Religio

Arabia Saudiana Religionis Islamicae ortus locus fuit. In praesenti, sua constitutio Alcorano fundatur. Praevalens inclinatio Sunnitum Islamismum. Permittit aliis faciunt fidem, sed non communis libertatis religiosae excelsum campester.

Gastronomia

Loci esca conditissima est. Usitatae carnes gallinacea et vervecina sunt, suilla lege vetata. Inventissimae escae oryza, lentes, hummus (Arabice حُمُّص, ciceris massa), cultra (gallinae aut vervecinae veru), cebabum (کباب, cum sorbitione et leguminibus appositum), mezes (مزة, variata cupedia) et mihallabia (oryzae scriblita) sunt. Alcohol tota in civitate vetatur; ebrium inveni gravium problematum? causa potest.

Topographia

Notae

  1. "Discipulae Arabiae Sauditae Universitatis rebellaverunt": Ephemeris (7 Iunii 2017)
  2. "Regnum Arabiae Sauditae tum etiam Status Qatarensis, Bahreinensis, Emiratorum [sic] Unitorum Arabicorum, Omanensis et Yemenitae": Litterae Apostolicae
  3. 3.0 3.1 Vide articulum "Najran" apud www.jatland.com ubi dicitur "Najran (Hindi: नजरान, Arabic: نجران‎ Najrān), is a city in southwestern Saudi Arabia near the border with Yemen. It is the capital of Najran Province. Najran is mentioned as Negrana by Pliny".

Bibliographia

  • Abir, Mordechai. 1987. Saudi Arabia in the oil era: regime and elites: conflict and collaboration. ISBN 978-0-7099-5129-2.
  • Abir, Mordechai. 1993. Saudi Arabia: Government, Society, and the Persian Gulf Crisis. ISBN 978-0-415-09325-5.
  • Al-Rasheed, Madawi. 2010. A History of Saudi Arabia. ISBN 978-0-521-74754-7.
  • Bowen, Wayne H. 2007. The History of Saudi Arabia. ISBN 978-0-313-34012-3.
  • Hegghammer, Thomas. 2010. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. ISBN 978-0-521-73236-9.
  • House, Karen Elliott. 2012. On Saudi Arabia: Its People, Past, Religion, Fault Lines—and Future. Novi Eboraci: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-307-27216-4.
  • Long, David E. 2005. Culture and Customs of Saudi Arabia. ISBN 978-0-313-32021-7.
  • Malbouisson, Cofie D. 2007. Focus on Islamic issues. ISBN 978-1-60021-204-8.
  • Otto, Jan Michiel. 2010. Sharia Incorporated: A Comparative Overview of the Legal Systems of Twelve Muslim Countries in Past and Present. ISBN 978-90-8728-057-4.
  • Tripp, Harvey, et Peter North. 2003. Culture Shock, Saudi Arabia: A Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Singaporae et Portlandiae Oregoniae: Times Media Private Limited.
  • Tripp, Harvey, et Peter North. 2009. CultureShock! A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette. Ed. tertia. Ed. Marshall Cavendish.

Nexus interni

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Arabiam Sauditam spectant.
Situs geographici et historici: Locus: 23°43′0″N 44°7′0″E • OpenStreetMap • GeoNames • Thesaurus Getty • Facebook Places • Commentatio Theodisce, Francogallice, Italice apud Lexicon historicum Helveticum • Большая российская энциклопедия
  • Situs administrationis Arabiae Sauditae (Arabice, Anglice)
Arabia Saudita : geographica
Urbes Arabiae Sauditae maximae


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