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PRKAR1A
Identifiers
Aliases	PRKAR1A, ACRDYS1, ADOHR, CAR, CNC, CNC1, PKR1, PPNAD1, PRKAR1, TSE1, protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory subunit alpha
External IDs	OMIM: 188830; MGI: 104878; HomoloGene: 37664; GeneCards: PRKAR1A; OMA:PRKAR1A - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 17 (human)
End	68,551,319 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 11 (mouse)
End	109,560,482 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	mucosa of paranasal sinus; ; germinal epithelium; ; lateral nuclear group of thalamus; ; bronchial epithelial cell; ; epithelium of nasopharynx; ; Epithelium of choroid plexus; ; superficial temporal artery; ; pars compacta; ; pars reticulata; ; caput epididymis;
	Top expressed in
	arcuate nucleus; ; ventral tegmental area; ; dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus; ; paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; median eminence; ; cingulate gyrus; ; ventromedial nucleus; ; mammillary body; ; subiculum; ; anterior amygdaloid area;
	More reference expression data
	; ; ; ;
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	nucleotide binding; protein kinase A catalytic subunit binding; cAMP binding; protein binding; cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulator activity; cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor activity; ubiquitin protein ligase binding; protein domain specific binding; 3',5'-cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase activity; kinase activity;
Cellular component	cytoplasm; cytosol; membrane; plasma membrane raft; neuromuscular junction; plasma membrane; ciliary base; nucleotide-activated protein kinase complex; immunological synapse; cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex; axoneme; protein-containing complex; synapse; glutamatergic synapse;
Biological process	regulation of protein phosphorylation; activation of protein kinase A activity; intracellular signal transduction; negative regulation of protein kinase activity; regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; cellular response to glucagon stimulus; mesoderm formation; blood coagulation; female meiotic nuclear division; negative regulation of meiotic nuclear division; cardiac muscle cell proliferation; negative regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity; negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation; heart development; renal water homeostasis; regulation of protein kinase activity; sarcomere organization; cGMP-mediated signaling; phosphorylation;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	5573
	19084
	ENSG00000108946
	ENSMUSG00000020612
	P10644
	Q9DBC7
NM_001276289; NM_001276290; NM_001278433; NM_002734; NM_212471;
	NM_212472; NM_001369389; NM_001369390
NM_021880; NM_001313973; NM_001313974; NM_001313975; NM_001313976;
	NM_001362677; NM_001373912; NM_001373913
NP_001263218; NP_001263219; NP_001265362; NP_002725; NP_997636;
	NP_997637; NP_001356318; NP_001356319; NP_001263218.1; NP_001265362.1; NP_002725.1; NP_997636.1; NP_997637.1
NP_001300902; NP_001300903; NP_001300904; NP_001300905; NP_068680;
	NP_001349606; NP_001360841; NP_001360842
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PRKAR1A gene.^[5]

Function

cAMP is a signaling molecule important for a variety of cellular functions. cAMP exerts its effects by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), which transduces the signal through phosphorylation of different target proteins. The inactive holoenzyme of PKA is a tetramer composed of two regulatory and two catalytic subunits. cAMP causes the dissociation of the inactive holoenzyme into a dimer of regulatory subunits bound to four cAMP and two free monomeric catalytic subunits. Four different regulatory subunits and three catalytic subunits of PKA have been identified in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is one of the regulatory subunits. This protein was found to be a tissue-specific extinguisher that downregulates the expression of seven liver genes in hepatoma x fibroblast hybrids Three alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been observed.^[6]

Clinical significance

Functional null mutations in this gene cause Carney complex (CNC), an autosomal dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome. This gene can fuse to the RET protooncogene by gene rearrangement and form the thyroid tumor-specific chimeric oncogene known as PTC2.^[6]

Mutation of PRKAR1A leads to the Carney complex, associating multiple endocrine tumors.^{[citation needed]}

Interactions

PRKAR1A has been shown to interact with:

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000108946 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020612 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Scambler P, Oyen O, Wainwright B, Farrall M, Law HY, Estivill X, Sandberg M, Williamson R, Jahnsen T (December 1987). "Exclusion of catalytic and regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase as candidate genes for the defect causing cystic fibrosis". Am J Hum Genet. 41 (5): 925–32. PMC 1684338. PMID 3479018.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: PRKAR1A protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, regulatory, type I, alpha (tissue specific extinguisher 1)".
^ Huang LJ, Durick K, Weiner JA, Chun J, Taylor SS (October 1997). "D-AKAP2, a novel protein kinase A anchoring protein with a putative RGS domain". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 (21): 11184–9. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9411184J. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11184. PMC 23409. PMID 9326583.
^ Rual JF, Venkatesan K, Hao T, Hirozane-Kishikawa T, Dricot A, Li N, Berriz GF, Gibbons FD, Dreze M, Ayivi-Guedehoussou N, Klitgord N, Simon C, Boxem M, Milstein S, Rosenberg J, Goldberg DS, Zhang LV, Wong SL, Franklin G, Li S, Albala JS, Lim J, Fraughton C, Llamosas E, Cevik S, Bex C, Lamesch P, Sikorski RS, Vandenhaute J, Zoghbi HY, Smolyar A, Bosak S, Sequerra R, Doucette-Stamm L, Cusick ME, Hill DE, Roth FP, Vidal M (October 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173–8. Bibcode:2005Natur.437.1173R. doi:10.1038/nature04209. PMID 16189514. S2CID 4427026.
^ ^a ^b Carlson CR, Ruppelt A, Taskén K (March 2003). "A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) interaction and dimerization of the RIalpha and RIbeta regulatory subunits of protein kinase a in vivo by the yeast two hybrid system". J. Mol. Biol. 327 (3): 609–18. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00093-7. PMID 12634056.
^ Herberg FW, Maleszka A, Eide T, Vossebein L, Tasken K (April 2000). "Analysis of A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) interaction with protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunits: PKA isoform specificity in AKAP binding". J. Mol. Biol. 298 (2): 329–39. doi:10.1006/jmbi.2000.3662. PMID 10764601.
^ Brown PR, Miki K, Harper DB, Eddy EM (June 2003). "A-kinase anchoring protein 4 binding proteins in the fibrous sheath of the sperm flagellum". Biol. Reprod. 68 (6): 2241–8. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.013466. PMID 12606363.
^ Miki K, Eddy EM (December 1998). "Identification of tethering domains for protein kinase A type Ialpha regulatory subunits on sperm fibrous sheath protein FSC1". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (51): 34384–90. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.34384. PMID 9852104.
^ ^a ^b Li H, Adamik R, Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Moss J, Vaughan M (February 2003). "Protein kinase A-anchoring (AKAP) domains in brefeldin A-inhibited guanine nucleotide-exchange protein 2 (BIG2)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (4): 1627–32. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.1627L. doi:10.1073/pnas.0337678100. PMC 149883. PMID 12571360.
^ Tortora G, Damiano V, Bianco C, Baldassarre G, Bianco AR, Lanfrancone L, Pelicci PG, Ciardiello F (February 1997). "The RIalpha subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) binds to Grb2 and allows PKA interaction with the activated EGF-receptor". Oncogene. 14 (8): 923–8. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1200906. PMID 9050991. S2CID 10640461.
^ Küssel-Andermann P, El-Amraoui A, Safieddine S, Hardelin JP, Nouaille S, Camonis J, Petit C (September 2000). "Unconventional myosin VIIA is a novel A-kinase-anchoring protein". J. Biol. Chem. 275 (38): 29654–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M004393200. PMID 10889203.
^ Taskén K, Skålhegg BS, Solberg R, Andersson KB, Taylor SS, Lea T, Blomhoff HK, Jahnsen T, Hansson V (October 1993). "Novel isozymes of cAMP-dependent protein kinase exist in human cells due to formation of RI alpha-RI beta heterodimeric complexes". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (28): 21276–83. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)36921-2. PMID 8407966.
^ Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, McBroom-Cerajewski L, Robinson MD, O'Connor L, Li M, Taylor R, Dharsee M, Ho Y, Heilbut A, Moore L, Zhang S, Ornatsky O, Bukhman YV, Ethier M, Sheng Y, Vasilescu J, Abu-Farha M, Lambert JP, Duewel HS, Stewart II, Kuehl B, Hogue K, Colwill K, Gladwish K, Muskat B, Kinach R, Adams SL, Moran MF, Morin GB, Topaloglou T, Figeys D (2007). "Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry". Mol. Syst. Biol. 3: 89. doi:10.1038/msb4100134. PMC 1847948. PMID 17353931.

External links

PDBe-KB provides an overview of all the structure information available in the PDB for Human cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I-alpha regulatory subunit (PRKAR1A)