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GNB3
Identifiers
Aliases	GNB3, CSNB1H, G protein subunit beta 3, HG2D
External IDs	OMIM: 139130; MGI: 95785; HomoloGene: 55628; GeneCards: GNB3; OMA:GNB3 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	6,847,393 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	124,817,238 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	anterior pituitary; ; right hemisphere of cerebellum; ; apex of heart; ; right frontal lobe; ; right ovary; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; right coronary artery; ; body of uterus; ; left ovary; ; Descending thoracic aorta;
	Top expressed in
	neural layer of retina; ; pineal gland; ; pituitary gland; ; retinal pigment epithelium; ; lens; ; superior cervical ganglion; ; embryo; ; embryo; ; morula; ; epithelium of lens;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	GTPase binding; spectrin binding; protein binding; signal transducer activity; GTPase activity;
Cellular component	cell body; neuron projection; plasma membrane; dendrite; extracellular exosome; cytosol;
Biological process	regulation of blood pressure; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway; cellular response to glucagon stimulus; signal transduction; protein folding; cell volume homeostasis; regulation of gene expression; regulation of glucose metabolic process; regulation of hormone metabolic process; regulation of fat cell differentiation; regulation of feeding behavior; regulation of cholesterol metabolic process; regulation of triglyceride metabolic process; regulation of locomotion involved in locomotory behavior; regulation of phospholipid metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	2784
	14695
	ENSG00000111664
	ENSMUSG00000023439
	P16520
	Q61011
	NM_001297571; NM_002075
	NM_013530
	NP_001284500; NP_002066
	NP_038558
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB3 gene.^[5]^[6]

Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins ( G proteins), which integrate signals between receptors and effector proteins, are composed of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit. These subunits are encoded by families of related genes. This gene encodes a beta subunit. Beta subunits are important regulators of alpha subunits, as well as of certain signal transduction receptors and effectors. A single-nucleotide polymorphism (C825T) in this gene is associated with essential hypertension and obesity. This polymorphism is also associated with the occurrence of the splice variant GNB3-s, which appears to have increased activity. GNB3-s is an example of alternative splicing caused by a nucleotide change outside of the splice donor and acceptor sites. Additional splice variants may exist for this gene, but they have not been fully described.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111664 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023439 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Siffert W (Dec 2001). "Molecular genetics of G proteins and atherosclerosis risk". Basic Res Cardiol. 96 (6): 606–11. doi:10.1007/s003950170012. PMID 11770079. S2CID 21235423.
^ Weinstein LS, Chen M, Xie T, Liu J (May 2006). "Genetic diseases associated with heterotrimeric G proteins". Trends Pharmacol Sci. 27 (5): 260–6. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.005. PMID 16600389.
^ "Entrez Gene: GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3".

Wedegaertner PB, Wilson PT, Bourne HR (1995). "Lipid modifications of trimeric G proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (2): 503–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.2.503. PMID 7822269.
Downes GB, Gautam N (2000). "The G protein subunit gene families". Genomics. 62 (3): 544–52. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5992. PMID 10644457.
Sartori M, Parotto E, Ceolotto G, et al. (2005). "[C825T polymorphism of the GNB3 gene codifying the G-protein beta3-subunit and cardiovascular risk]". Ann. Ital. Med. Int. 19 (4): 240–8. PMID 15678704.
Zhu H, Wang X, Lu Y, et al. (2006). "Update on G-protein polymorphisms in hypertension". Curr. Hypertens. Rep. 8 (1): 23–9. doi:10.1007/s11906-006-0037-4. PMID 16600156. S2CID 26945864.
Weder AB (2007). "Genetics and hypertension" (PDF). Journal of Clinical Hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.). 9 (3): 217–23. doi:10.1111/j.1524-6175.2007.06587.x. hdl:2027.42/75304. PMC 8109857. PMID 17341998. S2CID 10559655.
Levine MA, Modi WS, O'Brien SJ (1991). "Chromosomal localization of the genes encoding two forms of the G protein beta polypeptide, beta 1 and beta 3, in man". Genomics. 8 (2): 380–6. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(90)90296-7. PMID 1979057.
Levine MA, Smallwood PM, Moen PT, et al. (1990). "Molecular cloning of beta 3 subunit, a third form of the G protein beta-subunit polypeptide". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (6): 2329–33. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.2329L. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.6.2329. PMC 53680. PMID 2107550.
Garcia-Higuera I, Thomas TC, Yi F, Neer EJ (1996). "Intersubunit surfaces in G protein alpha beta gamma heterotrimers. Analysis by cross-linking and mutagenesis of beta gamma". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1): 528–35. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.1.528. PMID 8550614.
Yan K, Kalyanaraman V, Gautam N (1996). "Differential ability to form the G protein betagamma complex among members of the beta and gamma subunit families". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (12): 7141–6. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.12.7141. PMID 8636150.
Ansari-Lari MA, Muzny DM, Lu J, et al. (1996). "A gene-rich cluster between the CD4 and triosephosphate isomerase genes at human chromosome 12p13". Genome Res. 6 (4): 314–26. doi:10.1101/gr.6.4.314. PMID 8723724.
Ansari-Lari MA, Shen Y, Muzny DM, et al. (1997). "Large-scale sequencing in human chromosome 12p13: experimental and computational gene structure determination". Genome Res. 7 (3): 268–80. doi:10.1101/gr.7.3.268. PMID 9074930.
Siffert W, Rosskopf D, Siffert G, et al. (1998). "Association of a human G-protein beta3 subunit variant with hypertension". Nat. Genet. 18 (1): 45–8. doi:10.1038/ng0198-45. PMID 9425898. S2CID 10239855.
Kageyama K, Murakami T, Iizuka K, et al. (1999). "Translocation of G-protein beta3 subunit from the cytosol pool to the membrane pool by beta1-adrenergic receptor stimulation in perfused rat hearts". Biochem. Pharmacol. 58 (9): 1497–500. doi:10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00230-0. PMID 10513993.
Rosskopf D, Busch S, Manthey I, Siffert W (2000). "G protein beta 3 gene: structure, promoter, and additional polymorphisms". Hypertension. 36 (1): 33–41. doi:10.1161/01.hyp.36.1.33. PMID 10904009.
Obineche EN, Frossard PM, Bokhari AM (2002). "An association study of five genetic loci and left ventricular hypertrophy amongst Gulf Arabs". Hypertens. Res. 24 (6): 635–9. doi:10.1291/hypres.24.635. PMID 11768721.
Tabara Y, Kohara K, Miki T (2002). "Polymorphisms of genes encoding components of the sympathetic nervous system but not the renin-angiotensin system as risk factors for orthostatic hypotension". J. Hypertens. 20 (4): 651–6. doi:10.1097/00004872-200204000-00022. PMID 11910300. S2CID 22407752.
Serretti A, Lorenzi C, Lilli R, et al. (2002). "Pharmacogenetics of lithium prophylaxis in mood disorders: analysis of COMT, MAO-A, and Gbeta3 variants". Am. J. Med. Genet. 114 (4): 370–9. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10357. PMID 11992559.
Shlyakhto EV, Shwartz EI, Nefedova YB, et al. (2002). "Lack of association of G-protein subunit gene C825T polymorphism with left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension". Med. Sci. Monit. 8 (5): CR337–40. PMID 12011775.

This article on a gene on human chromosome 12 is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111664 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023439 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11770079-5] Siffert W (Dec 2001). "Molecular genetics of G proteins and atherosclerosis risk". Basic Res Cardiol. 96 (6): 606–11. doi:10.1007/s003950170012. PMID 11770079. S2CID 21235423.

[pmid16600389-6] Weinstein LS, Chen M, Xie T, Liu J (May 2006). "Genetic diseases associated with heterotrimeric G proteins". Trends Pharmacol Sci. 27 (5): 260–6. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2006.03.005. PMID 16600389.

[7] "Entrez Gene: GNB3 guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), beta polypeptide 3".

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GNB3

References

Further reading